Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionLearningaboutlanguage课件高中英语人教版选择性

Period2LearningAboutLanguageChangethedirectspeechintotheindirectspeechUnit3EnvironmentalProtection语法感知感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题(1)Anexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody，thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.(2)Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore.(3)Climatescientistshavewarnedthatifwedonottakeappropriateactions，thiswarmingtrendwillprobablycontinueandtherewillbeahigherpricetopay.1.英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫

引语；另一种是用自己的话转述别人说的话，叫

引语。2.以上句子都是用自己的话转述别人的话，都是

引语。直接间接间接观察以下例句，总结直接引语变为间接引语的规则。DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechTheexpertsaid,"Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody，thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.Thereporterasked,"Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?"Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.Thereporterasked,"Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?"Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.Leadin直接引语和间接引语1.基本概念（1）直接引语：直接引述别人的话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语。（2）间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。【名师点津】直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要作相应的变化。2.人称的变化（1）一随主：直接引语中出现的第一人称代词要按照引述动词的主语的人称变化。Shesaid，“Iwon’tbefrustrated.”→Shesaidthatshewouldn’tbefrustrated.她说她不会沮丧的。（2）二随宾：直接引语中出现的第二人称代词要按照引述动词的宾语的人称变化，若引述动词后没有宾语，也可用第一人称。ItoldMary，“Wewillprotectyoufrominfection.”→ItoldMarywewouldprotectherfrominfection.我告诉玛丽我们会保护她不受感染。（3）第三人称不更新：直接引语出现的第三人称代词一般不需要变化。Shesaidtome，“Theywanttodecreasetheamountoffattheyeat.”→Shetoldmethattheywantedtodecreasetheamountoffattheyate.她告诉我，他们想减少脂肪的摄入量。 直接引语变为间接引语时，人称的变化遵循以下原则。句型转换（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tom,”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat

wouldgoandsee

againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome,“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat

waswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier?”heasked.→Heaskedif/whether

wasasoldier.sheIhimI即学即练（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John?”→HeaskedJohnwhere

wasgoingtogetoff.（5）“Iwillcomehereagaintoday，”shesaid.→Shesaidthat

wouldgothereagainthatday.（6）Hesaid，“Iamlivingwithmycousin.”→Hesaidthat

waslivingwith

cousin.heshehehis3.时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，则间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示：

直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时【名师点津】（1）如果直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Mymothersaidtome，“Themuseumwascompletelytransformedin2020.”→Mymothertoldmethatthemuseumwascompletelytransformedin2020.我母亲告诉我，图书馆在2020年被彻底改造了。（2）如果直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Thegeographyteachersaidtous，“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.”→Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.地理老师对我们说：“地球围绕太阳转。” 句型转换（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat

doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat

anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

gotheretohavealongholiday. （4）Theteachersaid，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethere

awill，there

away.（5）Janesaid，“Mary，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus?”→JaneaskedMarywhere

whenshemetheronthebus.wewerehehadwrittenshewouldisisshewasgoing 即学即练4.、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化引语用词直接引语间接引语指示代词this这个that那个these这些those那些时间状语now现在then那时today今天thatday那天thismorning今天上午thatmorning那天上午tonight今天晚上thatnight那天晚上tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天时间状语yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore两天前threedaysago三天前threedaysbefore三天前nextweek下一周thenext/followingweek第二周ago(至今)以前before(那时)以前地点状语here这儿there那儿方向性动词bring带来take带走come来go去句型转换（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John,”

shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelpher

.（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tim.”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain

.（3）MrHarryasked,“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday?”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam

.（4）Theoldmansaid,“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome,“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived

fiveyears

.thenextdaythateveningthedaybeforethosetherego

before即学即练5.句型的变化（1）直接引语是陈述句，间接引语用连接词that引导，that可省略。(2023·全国甲卷)“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.→ThebearbiologistChrisServheensays(that)Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.熊生物学家ChrisServheen说灰熊正在重新占据它们以前活动范围的大片区域。（2）直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语用whether/if引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序，谓语动词say（said）改为ask（asked）。MrTonnysaidtome，“Areyourinjuriessevere?”→MrTonnyaskedmeif/whethermyinjuriesweresevere.托尼先生问我伤势是否严重。（3）直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语用原来的疑问词引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序。Maryaskedme，“WhendidtheBritishprincebecomeinfectedwiththedisease?”→MaryaskedmewhentheBritishprincebecameinfectedwiththedisease.玛丽问我这位英国王子是什么时候染上这种病的。

（4）直接引语是祈使句，间接引语变为ask/tell/ordersb.（not）todosth.句式。Hesaid，“Don’tsubscribetoherview.”→Hetoldmenottosubscribetoherview.他告诉我不要同意她的观点。【注意】祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须省略。“Pleasepassmethepump，”hesaidtoher.→Heaskedhertopasshimthepump.他请她把水泵递给他。

句型转换（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme

he

hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?”→Sheaskedme

I

watchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→Billasked

theadsforjobsabroad.that

hadleftwhetherlikedwhereIhadfound即学即练（4）“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Momasked.→Momasked

then.（5）Hesaid，“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →He

again

.（6）Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboys

somuchnoise.whatIwasdoingaskedmetogotherethenextdaynottomake ExerciseⅠ将下列间接引语变为直接引语1.Heaskedtheboywhyhehadbeenlateagain.______________________________________________________________2.Heaskedmetoshutthewindow._______________________________________________________________3.Thedoctortoldmenottodrinktoomuch._______________________________________________________________Heaskedtheboy，“Whywereyoulateagain?”Hesaidtome，“Shutthewindow，please.”Thedoctorsaidtome，“Don’tdrinktoomuch.”4.Theoldmansaidthattheboysovertherewereplayingfootball._______________________________________________________________5.TheteachertoldusthatwewouldhaveanEnglishtestthenextSaturday._______________________________________________________________Theoldmansaid，“Theboysoverthereareplayingfootball.”Theteachersaidtous，“WewillhaveanEnglishtestnextSaturday.”Ⅱ.语法填空Threemonthsago，ImovedtoItalywithmyparents.Oneday，afterplayingbadminton，Iwasabout1.

(leave)theclubwhenIsawAmma.She’sanoldladyinherlate60s，andsheisresponsible2.________cleaningtheflooroftheclub.语篇解读本文是记叙文。文中讲述作者把钱包里的所有钱都给了一位老妇人治病的经历。解析考查非谓语动词。beabouttodosth.

是固定搭配，表示“正要做某事”。解析考查介词的用法。beresponsiblefor对……负责。toleaveforAtthattime，sheaskedthebossoftheclub3.

(give)hersomecash.Shetoldthebossthatherhand4.

(be)inpainandshewantedtoseethedoctor.Thebossgavehersomeexcusesandescaped5.

(quick).解析考查非谓语动词。此处是间接引语。asksb.

todosth.

请求某人做某事。解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是间接引语。根据前面的told可知，此处用一般过去时；此处主语herhand为第三人称单数形式，故填was。解析考查词性转换。此处修饰动词，故用副词形式。togivewasquicklyIfeltbadforher.6.

IhadnevertalkedwithAmmabefore，Iwalkedtoherandopened