Unit2TheuniversallanguageGrammarandusage课件高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性

Unit2TheuniversallanguageGrammarandusageLookatthefollowingsentences:Seeingisbelieving.ReadingisimportantinlearningEnglish.Doyoutrytoavoidmakingherannoyed?Whatisthefunctionofthe-ingintheabovesentence?-ingassubject动名词作主语动名词的语法作用相当于名词，在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。单个的动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动用单数。由

and

连接两个动名词(短语)时，谓语动词用复数；若主语指向同一个内容，则谓语动词仍然用单数。Findingajobisdifficultthesedays.现在找工作不容易Smokingmaycausecancer.吸烟可能致癌。1.动词-ing形式作主语，动词-ing形式有名词的特征。Swimmingisagoodsportinsummer.在夏天，游泳是一项很好的运动。TeachingEnglishinamiddleschoolismyfull-timejob.在中学教英语是我的专职工作。InsomeArabiancountries,shakingone'sheadfromsidetosidemeansagreement.在一些阿拉伯国家,摇头表示同意。动名词作主语2.动词-ing

形式作主语,有时也可用“Itis...+动词-ing

形式”结构。it作形式主语时把动词-ing

形式（真实主语）置于句子后部作后置主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.告诉他别担心是没有用的。It'snogoodsittingherewithoutdoinganything.在这儿干坐着是没有用的。动名词作主语3.当句型Thereisno...表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词-ing形式作主语。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。4.

用于布告形式的省略结构中。Nosmoking=

Nosmokingisallowed(here).禁止吸烟。动名词作主语①单个动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Beinghonest

isthefirstthingpeopleshouldlearn.诚实是人们应该学习的第一件事。Solvingtheseproblems

needsmoreeffortsthanweexpected解决这些问题比我们预期的要付出更多的努力。Learningnewwords

isveryimportant.学习新单词是非常重要的。②两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动词-ing

形式主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Collectingstampsandrunning

arehishobbies.集邮和跑步是他的业余爱好。-ingasobject——动名词作宾语

只可使用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：suggest、finish、practise、avoid、miss、delay、like、enjoy、imagine、deny、admit、consider、escape、risk、mind等。只接-ing形式的短语有：beusedto、can'tstand、giveup、feellike、keep、on、insiston、lookforwardto、putoff、devoteto、stickto、objectto、bebusy、getdownto等。Doyoutrytoavoidmakingherannoyed?你是尽力避免惹她生气吗?Headmittedtakingmymoney.他承认拿走了我的钱。口诀助记后接-ing形式的动词和动词短语喜欢考虑逃避免(enjoy,consider,escape,avoid)停止放弃太冒险(stop,giveup,risk)介意想象莫推延(mind,imagine,putoff,delay)要求完成是期盼(require,finish,lookforwardto)建议继续勤练习(suggest,goon,practise)不禁原谅要坚持(can'thelp,excuse,insiston)继续介意成功来(keepon,mind,succeedin)1.Youngpeoplemayrisk_________(go)deafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.2.WildcampingisillegalinEngland.Toavoid_____________(catch),theWinnshadtogettheirtentuplateandpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.3.Ididn'tmean_________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelptryingit.goingbeingcaughttoeatExercise4.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton________(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.5.Ireallyenjoy__________(listen)tomusicbecauseithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday.tothanklisteningExerciseVocabulary1.distantbedistantfrom... 离……远distance n.距离；远处；遥远；疏远inthedistance 在远处at/fromadistance 离一段距离，从远处at/fromadistanceof 从……远的地方（of后跟具体的距离）distantly adv.遥远地；冷淡地练习：Thefirst________crashofthundershooktheair.

distantVocabulary2.expectationexpect vt.期待，预料expect(sb.)todosth. 期待/预计某人做某事expected adj.预料的，预期的unexpected adj.出乎意料的，始料不及的contraryto/against/beyondexpectations 出乎意料/超出预期in(the)expectationof... 预计会有……，预料……withexpectations 怀着希望liveupto/comeupto/meetone'sexpectations 达到某人的期望，如某人所愿练习：Weareconfidentinour_____________ofafullrecovery.expectationVocabulary3.accompanyaccompanysb.to... 陪某人去……beaccompaniedby... 在……的陪同下；由……伴随accompanysb.at/onsth. 用某物为某人伴奏练习：Thememberthat__________apersonshouldhaveledeffectwell.accompaniedVocabulary4.reputationhaveagood/badreputation 有好/坏名声haveareputationfor... 以……著称acquire/earn/build/enjoyareputation 获得/赢得/树立/享有声誉ruinone'sreputation 毁坏某人的名声liveuptoone'sreputation 名副其实练习：这个餐馆的服务名不虚传，我们得到了很好的服务。Theserviceatthisrestaurant___________________,andwewerewellserved.liveuptoitsreputationVocabulary5.holdone'sbreathtakeadeepbreath 深吸一口气catchone'sbreath 缓一口气;歇口气takeone'sbreathaway 令人惊叹saveonesbreath 免费口舌outofbreath (运动后)喘不上气，透不过气来练习：Howlongcanyou______________underthewater?holdyourbreath6.upsetbeupsetabout… 对……感到不安/难过/心烦Itupsets/upsetsb.todosth. 做某事使某人感到不舒服Itupsets/upsetsb.that... 让某人心烦的是……练习：Shewasupset__________(know)thatshefailedintheexam.toknowVocabularyVocabulary7.

abandonabandonone'shope/plan/idea放弃某人的希望/计划/想法abandononeselfto沉湎于（某种情感），陷入（to为介词，后跟名词或v-ing）abandonedadj.被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的（可作前置定语或表语）练习：MrJohnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heownedafarm,whichlookedalmost_____________(abandon).abandonedGrammarDoyouknowthestoryofBoyaandZhongZiqi?Readthestoryandfinishtheform.Verb-ingformsassubjectsVerb-ingformsasobjectsPlayingtheqinwashislife.…everyoneenjoyedlistening…主语宾语GrammarVerb-ingformsassubjectsVerb-ingformsasobjectsPlayingtheqinwashislife.

HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya,……,it’snousekeepingtheqin.…everyoneenjoyedlistening…Boyadidnotsayanything

beforeplayingtheqin,…WhenBoyacontinuedplaying,……,whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZiqi.…beforegoingtheirseparateways,…Afterhefinishedplayingthepiece,…GrammarWhentheverb-ingformisusedasthesubjectofasentence,wecansometimesusethepreparatorysubject(形式主语)(1)

atthebeginningofthesentence.Theverb-ingformcanalsobeusedastheobjectofa(2)

ora(3)

.verbitprepositionWorkingouttherulesCirclethemistakesandwritedownthecorrectformsintheblankets.listeningreadingtryingteachingplayingGrammarBlowisanarticleaboutthemusicsentintospace.Completethearticlewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.IfyouhavetochoosemusicfromtheEarthtosendintospace,whatmusicdoyouthinkiscapableof(1)____________(represent)mankind?ThesoundoftheChineseqinisoneanswertothisquestion.In1977,twospacecraftcalledVoyager1andVoyager2weresentout(2)_________(explore)thesolarsystem.Onbothspacecraft,thereisaselectionofmusicfromourplanet.(3)__________(send)musicintoouterspacewastheideaofthefamousscientistCarlSagan,whobelievedintelligentlifeexistedonotherplanets.Themusicwasintendedasauniversallanguagetogreetintelligentlifeinspace(ifthereisany).representingtoexploreSendingGrammarAgroupofscientistsandartistsgotdownto(4)_________(choose)suitablemusic.Ofcourse,theyhadtrouble(5)_______(select)whichpiecesofmusictoinclude.Intheend,27differentpiecesofmusic(6)______(last)90minuteswereputonthespacecraft.ChinaisrepresentedbyarecordingofGuanPinghu(7)_______(play)anancientpiececalledFlowingWaterontheChineseinstrumentqin.ItissaidthatBoyawroteit.Ittookabout40yearsfortheVoyagerspacecraft(8)_______(enter)thespacebetweenthestars.Wedonotknowwhatwillhappenintheend,butmaybethesoundoftheqinwillonedaybeheardonadistantplanet.choosingselectinglastingplayingtoenterGrammarInpairs,discusshowtraditionalChinesemusiccanbeappreciatedbyalargeraudience.Makealistofmeasures,usingverb-ingformsassubjectsorobjects.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.GrammarExampleHoldingmusicfestivalswillgivethepunlicmorechancestoappreciatetraditionalChnesemusi