2024年高考真题和模拟题分类汇编 英语 专题08 阅读理解七选五 含解析

专题08阅读理解七选五2024年高考真题Passage1【新课标Ⅰ卷】Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【答案】36.F37.B38.E39.A40.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。【36题详解】上文“Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。【37题详解】上文“Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI’mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。【38题详解】下文“Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。【39题详解】下文“However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there’snothingbetter.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。【40题详解】上文“

“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。Passage2【新课标ⅠⅠ卷】OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.___16___Certainlynot.Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.___17___●Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Thoughovertourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it’sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.___18___Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?●___19___Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You’llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.Visitingaplacethatotherscallhomeisaprivilege(荣幸).Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.___20___Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.【答案】16.B17.C18.E19.A20.G【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。【16题详解】前文“Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainlynot.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。【17题详解】前文“Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。【18题详解】前文“Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?(为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。【19题详解】空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。【20题详解】前文“Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。Passage3Passage4Passage5Passage62024年名校模拟题Passage1（2024·湖北黄冈·三模）Inourmoderneconomy,acceleratedlearningcanbecrucialforsuccess.Learningfastermeansgainingmoreknowledge—quickerthanothers.16Anyonecanlearnfromthemandacceleratetheirlearningprocesswiththefollowingtechniques.CombineLearningStylesThatPlaytoYourStrengthsWhenyouaimtoaccelerateyourlearning,whatyouchoosetolearnshouldnotbelimitedtoacurriculumorclassroomstructure.17Differentmaterialsalongwithyourlearningstylecanaccelerateorslowdownyourcomprehensionprocess.Thebestlearningstyleistheonethatmakesiteasiertoprocess,orcomprehendideas,andsubjectsfaster.Onceyouknowyourlearningstrengthsandweaknesses,youcanchooselearningstrategiesthatplaytoyourstrengths.SeekFirsttoUnderstandTheBasicStructureofTheTopicYouChoose18Soyouneedtoseekfirsttounderstandthebasics.Inotherwords,youhavetogettoknowthetree’sroot,trunk,thenbranchoutfromthere.Don’tstartfromthebranchesortheleaves,pursuetherootandworkyourwaytothetopic.Therefore,whatevertopicyouchoosetolearnorstudy,juststartwiththebasics.GiveYourselfPlentyofTimeinBoth“Focused”And“Diffused”(分散的)ModesNormally,thehumanbrainisnotmeanttostayin“focused”modeforhoursatatime.19Consequently,whenyourbrainisactiveforaverylongtime,you’reactuallyblockingyouraccesstothediffusedmode—amorerelaxedstate.Therefore,diffusedmodeisjustasvaluableasthefocusedmode.So—justtakebreaks,letyourmindwander,thinkaboutotherthings,andgiveyourbrainplentyoftimetomakebetterconnections.20A．Youcanbenefitalotfromstayingfocused.B．Smartlearnersdon’thaveanyspecialsecrets.C．Youshouldtrytochoosewhateveryoulikebest.D．Everytopicorsubjecthasalogicalstructuretoit.E．Thenyoucanlearnbetterbyimposingbreaksonyourself.F．Long-lastingattentiontoasingletaskcanblockmemoryandrecall.G．Youcanpracticallychoosecontentfrommanysources,experts,andauthors.【答案】16．B17．G18．D19．F20．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些技巧以帮助人们更加有效地进行快速学习。16．根据空后的“Anyonecanlearnfromthemandacceleratetheirlearningprocesswiththefollowingtechniques.(任何人都可以向他们学习，并通过以下技巧加速他们的学习过程)”可推测，空处提到了一些会快速学习的人。选项B“Smartlearnersdon’thaveanyspecialsecrets.(聪明的学习者没有什么特别的秘密。)”中的“Smartlearners”与下文的“them”保持一致，内容上也自然引出下文内容。故选B。17．根据标题“CombineLearningStylesThatPlaytoYourStrengths(结合能发挥你优势的学习方式)”以及空前的“Whenyouaimtoaccelerateyourlearning,whatyouchoosetolearnshouldnotbelimitedtoacurriculumorclassroomstructure.(当你的目标是加速你的学习，你选择学习不应该局限于课程或课堂结构)”可知，我们可以选择学习课程或课堂之外的内容；而下文“Differentmaterialsalongwithyourlearningstylecanaccelerateorslowdownyourcomprehensionprocess.(根据你的学习方式选择不同的材料可以加速或减缓你的理解过程)”则指出不同的学习内容选择不同的学习方式。选项G“Youcanpracticallychoosecontentfrommanysources,experts,andauthors.(实际上，您可以从许多来源、专家和作者中选择内容。)”与上下文内容一致，指的是选择不同的学习内容，并采用适当的学习方式。故选G。18．根据下文“Soyouneedtoseekfirsttounderstandthebasics.Inotherwords,youhavetogettoknowthetree’sroot,trunk,thenbranchoutfromthere.Don’tstartfromthebranchesortheleaves,pursuetherootandworkyourwaytothetopic.Therefore,whatevertopicyouchoosetolearnorstudy,juststartwiththebasics.(所以你需要先了解基础知识。换句话说，你必须了解树的根，树干，然后从那里伸出树枝。不要从枝叶入手，要追根溯源，直达主题。因此，无论你选择学习或研究什么主题，都要从基础开始)”可知，我们要了解自己所学内容的结构。选项D“Everytopicorsubjecthasalogicalstructuretoit.(每个话题或主题都有一个逻辑结构。)”自然引出下文内容，指出每个话题或主题都有一个逻辑结构，所以我们应该了解自己所学内容的逻辑结构。故选D。19．根据空前内容“Normally,thehumanbrainisnotmeanttostayin“focused”modeforhoursatatime.(正常情况下，人类的大脑不会一次保持几个小时的“专注”模式)”可知，人类大脑不会一直保持专注。选项F“Long-lastingattentiontoasingletaskcanblockmemoryandrecall.(长时间专注于一项任务会阻碍记忆和回忆。)”与上文内容一致，指的是人类大脑不能一直保持专注，同时引出下文“Consequently,whenyourbrainisactiveforaverylongtime,you’reactuallyblockingyouraccesstothediffusedmode—amorerelaxedstate.(因此，当你的大脑长时间处于活跃状态时，你实际上是在阻碍你进入扩散模式——一种更放松的状态)”。故选F。20．根据上文内容“Therefore,diffusedmodeisjustasvaluableasthefocusedmode.So—justtakebreaks,letyourmindwander,thinkaboutotherthings,andgiveyourbrainplentyoftimetomakebetterconnections.(因此，扩散模式和聚焦模式一样有价值。所以，只要休息一下，让你的思想游离，想想其他事情，给你的大脑足够的时间来建立更好的联系)”可知，上文提出我们应该劳逸结合。选项E“Thenyoucanlearnbetterbyimposingbreaksonyourself.(然后你可以通过给自己一些休息时间来学得更好。)”与上文内容相符，指出休息会让学习效果更好。故选E。Passage2（2024·河南·模拟预测）HowtoCreatethePerfectSpringPlanterSpringcontainersareaneasysolutionforjazzingupacolorlessbalconyandboringcornersofanygardenatthistimeofyear.16Choosingtherightcontainerisimportant.Alwaysthinkaboutthestyleofyourgarden.17Theyaresolidpotsforspringastheydon’tblowoverinthoseearlyspringwinds.Checkthatthepothasalargedrainage(排水)holetoensurethatthesoildrainswell,butalwayscoveritwithacrock(likeapiecefromabrokenflowerplanter)sothatthesoildoesn’tblocktheholeandcreateproblemswithdrainagelaterdowntheline.Choosingtherightcompost(堆肥)isthekeytothesuccessofanyplanting.Ithinkit’sbesttousesoil-basedcompostsothatthesoildoesnotbecometooheavyorwaterlogged,especiallyinspringwhenwecouldhaveplentyofshowers.18Andtoomuchwaterinthesoilwillfreeze,preventingtheplantsfromtakingupthevitalwater.Plantcombinationsareimportant,soalwaysthinkaboutmixeswhichwilllastaswellasannualandperennial(多年生的)ones.19Abunchofpotsforcestheeyetolookaroundandtakeineachpotandplantcombination.AniceoptionisplantingsummerflowerslikeDahliaorLilytocreateasummerimpact.20Itcanbeachievedbyusingtallplants.Ifyoudon’thaveatallplantthenyoucanalwaysraiseyourpotoffthegroundwitholdhousebricksordecorativepotfeet,orusestepsinyourgardentocreateinterestanddrama.Apleasantsmellisalwaysalovelyadditiontoaspaceaswellaswildlife.Selecttherightplantforyourlocationinyourgarden－sunorshade-loving.A．Ilikegood,weightyplanters.B．ItcanstillbefrostyrightuptoMay.C．Andbesides,theyaresoeasytocarefor.D．Ialsoliketogrouppotstogetherindifferentsizes.E．Capitalizeonthosevariationstohelpchoosecompanions.F．Youmayfindsomeoftheseplantsinsmallerpotsorevenmulti-packs.G．Heightisimportanttothinkaboutwhenyou’redesigningyourarrangement.【答案】16．C17．A18．B19．D20．G【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了打造完美春季花盆的技巧，包括挑选与花园风格匹配的稳固花盆、使用土壤基质堆肥确保良好排水、植物搭配考虑持久性与季节性，以及通过高低错落布置增加观赏性。16．由上文“Springcontainersareaneasysolutionforjazzingupacolorlessbalconyandboringcornersofanygardenatthistimeofyear.(春季容器是此时为无色的阳台和花园中枯燥角落增添活力的简单解决方案)”可知，本空继续讲述春季种植容器的好处，C选项“此外，它们很容易照料”继续补充说明了春季种植容器便于打理的优点，能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。17．由上文“Choosingtherightcontainerisimportant.Alwaysthinkaboutthestyleofyourgarden.(选择合适的容器很重要。始终要考虑你花园的风格)”可知，上文提到了选择容器的重要性以及需要考虑的因素，本空要说跟“选择容器”有关的话题，A选项“我喜欢坚固、沉稳的种植容器”是对个人偏好的具体描述，与前文关于容器的选择相呼应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。18．由上文“Ithinkit’sbesttousesoil-basedcompostsothatthesoildoesnotbecometooheavyorwaterlogged,especiallyinspringwhenwecouldhaveplentyofshowers.(我认为最好使用基于土壤的堆肥，这样土壤就不会变得太重或过于水浸，尤其是在春季，我们可能会有很多阵雨)”可知，上文提到了春季雨水多可能导致的问题，本空要说跟“春季天气”有关的话题，B选项“直到五月还可能有霜冻”继续补充了春季天气的另一特点，即霜冻，都是关于春季气候对植物生长影响的讨论，能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。19．由上文“Plantcombinationsareimportant,soalwaysthinkaboutmixeswhichwilllastaswellasannualandperennialones.(植物组合很重要，所以要经常考虑那些能够持续生长以及一年生和多年生的植物组合)”可知，上文提到了植物搭配的策略，本空要说跟“植物搭配”有关的话题，D选项“我也喜欢把不同大小的花盆放在一起”进一步说明了如何通过组合花盆来营造和谐的视觉效果，与前文关于植物布局的内容紧密相连，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。20．由下文“Itcanbeachievedbyusingtallplants.Ifyoudon’thaveatallplantwhenyoucanalwaysraiseyourpotoffthegroundwitholdhousebricksordecorativepotfeet,orusestepsinyourgardentocreateinterestanddrama.(这可以通过使用高大的植物来实现。如果你没有一株高大的植物，你可以用旧砖或装饰花盆的脚把你的花盆抬离地面，或者在你的花园里用台阶来创造兴趣和戏剧)”可知，上文提到了使用高大植物达到某种效果的方法，本空要说跟“设计布置”有关的话题，G选项“在设计布置时，高度是一个需要考虑的重要因素”作为引言，指出在设计植物布局时应考虑高度问题，与下文提出的解决方案相衔接。故选G。Passage3（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）Alotofpeopleassumethemoreworktheyputinatthegym,andthelongerandhardertheypushthemselves,thebettertheirresultswillbe.16Butifyouwanttogetthebestgains,thekeyistofocusonthequalityoftheworkratherthanthequantity.Yourbodyiscapableofmakingonlytinyadaptationsandimprovementsatanyonetime.Onceyou'vegivenitenoughpushtomakethesechanges,anyadditionalworkyoudoafterthatpointwon'tbemakingyouanybetter.17Thisisbecauseyou'llneedlongertorecoverafterwards.Besides,youwon'tfeelfreshwhenyoustartyournextsession.Ideally,it'sjustenoughtodothesmallestamountofworkrequiredtopromotegrowthineveryworkout.18Thustheminimumamountofexercisebringsthemaximumphysicalgains.19Forexample,ifanewgym-goerwantstogetstronger,hemightstartasquat(深蹲)workout,whichismadeupoftensteps,eachhavingfiverepetitions.Intheory,it'sasensiblewayforbuildingstrength.Ifhe'sonlyattemptedthreestepsinhispreviousexercise,it'sfarfromenough.Thefourthstepwouldpushhimpasthispreviouslimitandforceadaptation.Butthesubsequentstepsaremeantformoreprofessionalpeople.20Asageneralrule,regardlessofyourexperience,aimtoonlyincreasethevolumeofanyexercisebyonestepfromworkouttoworkout.A．Itseemslogical.B．Instead,it'llharmyourprogress.C．It'snaturalthatyoumaywanttokeepfit.D．Afterthat,youcanstopexercisingduringtheday.E．Onlyinthiswaycanyouenjoythebenefitofexercise.F．Theywouldjustincreasethechanceofinjuryforbeginners.G．Howmuchexerciseyouneedtododependsonyourcurrentfitnesslevel.【答案】16．A17．B18．D19．G20．F【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们在锻炼的时候不能贪多，需要量力而行，逐步前进。16．根据上文“Alotofpeopleassumethemoreworktheyputinatthegym,andthelongerandhardertheypushthemselves,thebettertheirresultswillbe.(很多人认为他们在健身房投入的工作量越多，时间越长、努力越强，他们的成绩就会越好)”以及下文“Butifyouwanttogetthebestgains,thekeyistofocusonthequalityoftheworkratherthanthequantity.(但如果你想获得最好的收获，关键是要关注工作的质量，而不是数量)”可知，人们普遍认为锻炼的时间越长、越刻苦，收益就越大；但是实际上，锻炼时应该更关注锻炼的质量而非锻炼的时长。空处应承上启下，将上下文衔接起来。A项“Itseemslogical.(这似乎合乎逻辑)”中的It指代上文themoreworktheyputinatthegym,andthelongerandhardertheypushthemselves,thebettertheirresultswillbe这件事。故选A项。17．根据上文“Onceyou'vegivenitenoughpushtomakethesechanges,anyadditionalworkyoudoafterthatpointwon'tbemakingyouanybetter.(一旦你给了它足够的动力来做出这些改变，在那之后你所做的任何额外工作都不会让你变得更好)”以及下文“Thisisbecauseyou'llneedlongertorecoverafterwards.(这是因为你需要更长的时间来恢复)”可知，空格处应与上下文语义一致，介绍过度锻炼的坏处。B项“Instead,it'llharmyourprogress.(相反，这会损害你的进步)”承上启下，符合语境，故选B项。18．根据上文“Ideally,it'sjustenoughtodothesmallestamountofworkrequiredtopromotegrowthineveryworkout.(理想情况下，在每次锻炼中只需做促进成长所需的最小工作量就足够了)”可知，空格处应承接上文，进一步说明健身时，在完成最低训练量后应该停止训练，这样才能得到最大的收益。D项“Afterthat,youcanstopexercisingduringtheday.(之后，你可以停止白天的运动)”承上启下，符合语境，故选D项。19．根据下文的例子“Forexample,ifanewgym-goerwantstogetstronger,hemightstartasquat(深蹲)workout,whichismadeupoftensteps,eachhavingfiverepetitions.(例如，如果一个新来健身房的人想变得更强壮，他可能会开始深蹲锻炼，由十个步骤组成，每个步骤重复五次)”可知，本段主要说明了每次锻炼的运动量如何确定。G项“Howmuchexerciseyouneedtododependsonyourcurrentfitnesslevel.(你需要做多少运动取决于你目前的体能水平)”与本段内容相呼应，符合语境，故选G项。20．根据上文“Butthesubsequentstepsaremeantformoreprofessionalpeople.(但接下来的步骤是为更专业的人准备的)”可知，后面的训练步骤是更专业的人需要做的，空处应承接上文，解释后续较难的步骤对初学者来说会有危险。F项“Theywouldjustincreasethechanceofinjuryforbeginners.(它们只会增加初学者受伤的机会)”符合语境，故选F项。Passage4（2024·重庆·模拟预测）Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.16Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheatexhaustion.17Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyourhotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestiveprocess.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.That’sbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.Yourskinandrelatedtissuesareincrediblydesignedtomovewarmbloodawayfromyourcoretokeepyourvitalorganscool.Anydamagetoyourskinortheunderlyingtissuepreventsyourbodyfrombeingabletoairconditionitself.Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.18.Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.19Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthatallowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.20Besides,keepdrinkingwhileyou’reworkingout.A．Don’teatrightbeforeyouheadout.B．Trymoreheat-friendlyformsofexercise.C．Thetypeofsuitableclothingyouwearcanalsohelpyoustaycool.D．Buthighoutsidetemperaturesinadryclimatecanalsobedangerous.E．IsadaytimerunorbikerideinhotsummerweatherOKforourbodies?F．Andconsiderwearingsun-protectiveclothingthatblocksthesun,andincludeahat.G．Makesureyouaredrinkingwateratleastanhourbeforeyouheadouttoexercise.【答案】16．E17．A18．F19．C20．G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些高温天气下在户外锻炼的建议。16．根据上文“Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.(今年夏天，气候变化继续将地球的天气推向极端)”以及后文“Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheatexhaustion.(我们邀请了一些专家来讨论在高温下运动背后的科学，如何保证你的身体安全，以及如果你怀疑你或你的伴侣患有中暑该怎么做)”可知，本句主要过渡句，引出炎热天气是否适合运动的疑问。故E选项“在炎热的夏天白天跑步或骑自行车对我们的身体好吗？”符合语境，故选E。17．根据后文“Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyourhotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestiveprocess.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.That’sbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.(如果你吃了一顿像芝士汉堡这样的大餐，你会想等两到三个小时再进行户外运动，因为富含脂肪和蛋白质的大餐需要更长的时间才能通过消化过程。热跑之后你应该吃东西吗？不。你可以马上补充水分，但要等到身体冷却后再吃。这是因为消化食物会延迟你的身体恢复正常体温)”可知，本段的建议是出门前不要吃太多东西。故A选项“出门前不要吃东西”符合语境，故选A。18．根据本段主旨句“Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.(保护你的皮肤——这是身体的冷却系统)”可知，本段主要建议保护皮肤。前文“Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.(为了保护你的皮肤，从防晒霜开始)”讲述了可以使用防晒霜来保护皮肤，空处应是其他保护皮肤的方式，F项“并考虑穿宽松、轻便、能遮挡阳光的衣服。”建议穿有防晒作用的衣服，符合题意。故选F。19．根据上文“Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.(穿有助于身体呼吸的衣服)”以及后文“Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthatallowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.(穿吸汗的运动服，让皮肤降温。不要穿棉质之类的衣服，因为它们能让热量接近你的身体)”可知，本段主要就穿的衣服提出了建议，C选项中clothing对应后文clothing。故C选项“选择合适的衣服也能让你保持凉爽”符合语境，故选C。20．根据上文“Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.(在运动前、运动中和运动后补充水分。脱水真的会发生在你身上)”可知，本句主要是建议补充水分。故G选项“确保你在出门锻炼前至少一个小时喝水”符合语境，故选G。Passage5（2024·湖南·二模）Thefirstwaywelearntocommunicateisthroughbodylanguage—ourfacialexpressions,ourgesturesand,whenwe’reolder,ourpostures.Evenafterwefigureouthowtospeak,thisnon-verbalcommunicationstillexerts(施加)apowerfulandoftenunconsciousinfluenceoverourinteractions,people’sfirstimpressionsofusandevenourimpressionsofourselves.16.ChangehowyoufeelTode-stress:Forcingasmilecanmakerunningeasierandtoughtaskslessstressful.One2012experimentfoundthatagrinmakesholdingyourhandinicewatermorebearable.Tofeelmoreconfident:17.Strikingthisso-calledpowerposeshortlybeforeanintervieworathleticcontestcanbeparticularlypowerfulforwomen,whotendtositandstandinawaythattakesuplessspace.Topersevere:18.Ina2008study,studentswhosatwiththeirarmscrossedkeptworkingonanimpossibleproblemnearlytwiceaslongasthosewiththeirarmsattheirsides.Changehowothersfeel19:Studiesshowthatholdingsomeone’sgazemayhelppeoplethinkyou’retrustworthyandintelligent.AccordingtobodylanguageexpertCarolKinseyGoman,itcanalsomakepeoplethinkyou’reagoodlistener.Tofosterconnections:Mirroringthefacialexpressionsandgesturesofthepersonyou’retalkingtocanhelpthemfeelmorecomfortable.One2011experimentfoundthisisaneffectivesalesskill.Toengageordisengage:Ifyouwanttoletsomeoneknowyou’relistening,sitfacingthemwithyourfullbody,kneesandshoulderspointedatthem.20.A．TocomeacrossassincereB．Butifyouwanttospreadtension,angleyourbodyslightlyaway—facingfull-onisconfrontational(对抗性的)whenthingsgetheatedC．Here’showtousebodylanguagetoeveryone’sbenefitD．Makingyourindexfinger(食指)andmiddlefingercrossedcanhelpyougatherstrengthE．ToinformpeopleF．StandinglikeWonderWoman—legsapart,handsonhips,chestup—maymakeyoufeelmorepowerfulG．Crossingyourarmsacrossyourchestcanhelpyoupersistinsolvingaproblem【答案】16．C17．F18．G19．A20．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何使用肢体语言。16．根据上文“Evenafterwefigureouthowtospeak,thisnon-verbalcommunicationstillexerts(施加)apowerfulandoftenunconsciousinfluenceoverourinteractions,people’sfirstimpressionsofusandevenourimpressionsofourselves.”（即使在我们学会了如何说话之后，这种非语言交流仍然会对我们的互动、别人对我们的第一印象，甚至是我们对自己的印象产生强大的、往往是无意识的影响）可知，上文说明了肢体语言的重要性，所以要如何使用肢体语言提出建议，且总起下文的标题。故C选项“以下是如何使用肢体语言使得对每个人都有好处”切题。故选C项。17．根据上文“Tofeelmoreconfident”（让自己更自信:）可知，选项承接上文说明那个动作使人更自信。故F选项“像神奇女侠一样站立——双腿分开，双手叉腰，挺胸——这会让你感觉更有力量”切题。powerful呼应confident。故选F项。18．根据下文“Ina2008study,studentswhosatwiththeirarmscrossedkeptworkingonanimpossibleproblemnearlytwiceaslongasthosewiththeirarmsattheirsides.”（在2008年的一项研究中，双臂交叉坐着的学生解决不可能的问题的时间几乎是双臂放在身体两侧的学生的两倍。）可知，选项与下文主题相关，说的都是双臂交叉在胸前有助于解决问题。故G选项“双臂交叉在胸前可以帮助你坚持解决问题”切题。故选G项。19．根据下文“Studiesshowthatholdingsomeone’sgazemayhelppeoplethinkyou’retrustworthyandintelligent.AccordingtobodylanguageexpertCarolKinseyGoman,itcanalsomakepeoplethinkyou’reagoodlistener.”（研究表明，和别人凝视会让别人觉得你值得信赖、聪明。根据肢体语言专家卡罗尔·金赛·戈曼的说法，它还可以让人们认为你是一个好的倾听者。）可知，本段主要在说要表现出真诚。故A选项“给人真诚的印象”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。20．根据上文“Ifyouwanttoletsomeoneknowyou’relistening,sitfacingthemwithyourfullbody,kneesandshoulderspointedatthem.”（如果你想让别人知道你在听，那就坐着，把整个身体、膝盖和肩膀都面向他们）可知，选项承接上文说明身体部分的姿势代表了不同的意义且与上文为转折关系。故B选项“但如果你想分散紧张感，那就把身体稍微向外倾斜——当事情变得激烈时，面朝全身是对抗性的。”切题。故选B项。Passage6（2024·广东广州·三模）Theteenageyearsareatransformativeperiodmarkedbygreatphysical,psychological,andemotionalchanges.16Theyrefertothefeelingsthatariseduringinteractionswithothers,suchasgratitude,shame,sympathy,guilt,andpride.Understandingandmanagingsocialemotionscanhelpdevelopteenagers’identities.Teenagersexperienceawiderangeofemotionsfromsocialinteractions,whichsignificantlyinfluencestheirself-understandingandsocialawareness.Intheprocess,theylearntounderstand,andappropriatelyrespondtoboththeirownemotionsandthoseofothers.17Inacademicsettings,socialemotionalcompetenc