高三英语一轮复习不定式和动名词课件

高三一轮复习动词不定式与动名词不定式的定义不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式为“nottodo”。不定式不能单独做谓语，所以又把不定式称为非谓语动词。不定式可以作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语和状语。不定式有时态和语态的变化。具体变化如下表所示：形式主动态被动态一般式towritetobewritten进行式tobewriting完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten完成进行式tohavebeenwriting不定式作主语不定式及其短语作主语时常表示具体的、一次性的动作。如：Toworkinadevelopingcountryhadalwaysbeenherambition.但通常情况下，如果作主语的不定式较长，常用形式主语it置于句首。把真正的主语动词不定式放在句尾。常见有以下几种形式：It+be+表语(形容词或名词)+不定式如：Itwasrighttogiveupsmoking.疑问句形式：Wasitrighttogiveupsmoking?Itwasquitebeyondmetohelphim.不定式作主语2.It+be+表语+(形容词或名词)for/ofsbtodosth如：Itisimportantformetoreceivethatoffer.疑问句形式：Isitimportantformetoreceivethatoffer?Ithinkit’skindofRoderickandOlivertogiveHenrythemoney.练习Isitcommonforpeople_________(do)whatChendid?Whyisitimportant___________(protect)thesea?toprotecttodo不定式作宾语不定式可以动词在后面作宾语。这些常见的动词包括：agreedemandlongpretendaimexpectlovepromisearrangefailmanageproposeaskhatemeanrefusebeginhelpneedrememberchoosehopeoffertryclaimintendplanwantcontinuelearnpreferwishdecidelikepreparewouldlike不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有下面几种形式：主语+谓语+todo如：Ican’taffordtopaysuchaprice.Whatdoyouwanttodotomorrow?2.主语+谓语+宾语（疑问词+todo）如：Heaskedhowtogettothestation.I'dliketobookaseatfortonight'sperformance.不定式作宾语3.主语+谓语+it+宾补（动词或名词）+todoIdon’tthinkitnecessarytogoonwiththeexperiment.练习Hewouldlike_________________(admit)intohisdreamschool.Duringtheemergencymanystaffvolunteered____________(work)throughtheweekend.toworktobeadmitted不定式作宾语补足语宾语补足语是指在宾语后面对宾语进行补充说明的成分如：Iadvisedhimtostopsmoking.Iwouldlikeyoutokeepitinmind.Thisnewprogrammewillenableolderpeopletostudyatcollege.可用于这一结构的动词有：advise,allow,ask,beg,challenge,command,wouldlike,enable,expect,encourage,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,recommend,remind,request,send,urge,want,warn,wish等不定式作表语不定式可以在系动词后作表语。一般来说，当表示某人的建议，目的，意图时，用不定式作表语。有时不定式加疑问词who/when/which/what/how等作表语如：Theonlychoiceistowaittillhereturns.Thequestioniswhentostart.练习PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartis_________(look)atthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.tolook不定式作宾语补足语某些动词如make,let,have等使役动词后不定式要省去to,但如果是被动语态时，则to不可省如：Theymadetheboygotobedearly.Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.练习Hesomehowpersuadedthestudio___________(let)himmakethefilm.In1919hisfamilywasforced___________(leave)RussiabecauseoftheRevolution.Shewouldnotpermitherself_____________(look)atthem.tolettoleavetolook不定式作定语不定式可以作后置定语，修饰前面提到的人或事如：Itwasadifficultquestiontoanswer.用于说明某些名词的内容，常接不定式作定语如：Youmusthavethecouragetosay“No”.这类名词有chance,opportunity,power,right,skill,talent,way等在有序数词（thefirst,thesecond）,theonly,thelast或者形容词最高级修饰的名词后，用不定式作定语如：YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.练习Heistheyoungestperson___________(win)themedal.towin不定式作状语不定式作目的状语有以下几种结构，todo,inordertodo,soastodo等如：Inordertoaccomplishthetask,wemustworkveryhard.Tolearnalanguagewell,youmustmakepainstakingefforts.Ineedabackpacktocarrythings.如何判断不定式是在句子中作状语？最简单的方法是：把不定式的内容遮盖，原句仍然是一个完整的句子，如：Iwillfindawaytoimprovemyskill.如果把toimprovemyskill部分去掉，仍是一个完整的句子IworkedovertimelateintothenighttofinishmyworklastFriday.练习1.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)__________(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.2.Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup__________(see)them.3.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalm________(work)inspace.4.Thespaceshuttlewascreatedasareusablelaunchvehicle________________(carry)astronautsandotherequipmentintospaceandbackagain.5.Heinvitedme__________(play)basketballwithsomefriends.toseetoteachtoworktocarrytoplay不定式作状语不定式作结果状语有以下几种结构，too…todo太…而不能,only/nevertodo结果是，常指意想不到的，或者不愉快的结果,so…astodo如此…以至于…,such+名词+astodo,如此…以至于如：Wefoundtheroomtoosmalltoholdsomanypeople.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Thereissucharapidincreaseinpopulationastocauseafoodshortage.Thehouseissohighandnarrowastoresembleatower.不定式作状语1.不定式作原因状语常有以下几种句型：be+表示情感的形容词或过去分词+todo如：Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.这类表情感的词有afraid,angry,excited,eager,anxious,glad,happy,sorry,sad,delighted,disappointed,shocked,surprisedbe+说明人的行为或者品质的形容词+todo如：Theboywasrudetospeaktohisparentslikethat.2.不定式作状语，表示程度enoughtodosomethingTheyareoldenoughtodecidewhatisgoodforthem.练习Heismanenough____________(admit)hismistake.toadmit疑问词加不定式疑问词加不定式在句子起名词的作用，可作主语、表语、宾语等如：Howtosolvetheproblemisstillunknown.Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.练习Youhavetolearn________todealwithpeople.Theproblemis________tochoose.whichhow总结练习Asthenewimmigrantsgainfinancialindependenceandagreaterknowledgeofthesurroundingcity,theymaychoose___________(stay)closetoknownfriendsandneighborsforcomfort.Historyhasthepotential___________(break)downthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Kellypretended__________________(write)herhomeworkwhenhermotherwalkedintothestudy.Theincreaseofenergywillevenmakeyoumorewilling_________________(exercise),andthatwillraiseyouroverallenergyevenmore.tostaytobreaktobewritingtoexercise总结练习DinosaurshavecompletelydiedoutontheEarth,never_______________________(see)again.Johnwasthefirstperson___________(think)ofmakingpopcorntohelpBernardearnsomeextramoney.Hewasconvincedthathehadtheability___________(help)Bernardoutofthedifficulty.Playingbasketballservesasthebestway___________(ease)ourgreatstudypressureandfindsomepleasureatthesametime.Theteachingstaffandallthestudentssetout___________(plant)treeswithgreatenthusiasm.tobeseentothinktohelptoplanttoease总结练习Iconsider___________(buy)acomputer,whichisconsidered___________(be)agreathelpinourworkandstudy.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremoreeager___________(explore)theworldaroundthem.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymindwhich___________(buy).Whilegoingshopping,weusuallycan’tavoidbeingpersuaded___________(buy)thingsweactuallydon’tneed.buyingtobetoexploretobuytobuy总结练习Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadand__________(disappoint),butthedesire_______exploretheuniverseneverdied.Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceof__________(carry)onspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.China'sspaceprogrammestartedlaterthanthoseofRussiaandtheUS,butithasmadegreatprogressinashorttime.Chinabecame

thethirdcountryintheworld________independentlysendhumansintospacein2003,whenYangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.ThenShenzhou6and7completedasecondmannedorbitandthefirstChinesespacewalk,followedbythevehicleJadeRabbitbeingsenttothemoon__________(study)itssurface.disappointedtocarryingtotostudy不定式的语态不定式同样有被动语态，其被动语态的结构是tobedone如：Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessoflife.Hisdogslovestobepatted.I’mgladtobeallowedtovisityourresearchcenter.注意：如果是toblame作表语时，常以主动形式表被动。Thehotweatherispartlytoblame

for

thewatershortage.练习It’sagreatshameforme_____________(laugh)atinfrontofsomanypeople.LittleJennylikedto_______________(take)tothezooonSundays.I’mafraidyoursuggestionscan’thelp____________(improve)theserviceoftheirshop.Willyoubeabletoattendthelecture______________(give)byProf.Linextweek?Ifeltitanhonor____________(invite)tospeakhere.____________(master)aforeignlanguage,onemusthavealotofpractice.Johnstopped_____________(have)arestbecausehehadworkedforeighthours.Hecalledateverydoor__________(tell)peopletheexcitingnews.betakentobelaughedtoimprovetobegiventobeinvitedTomastertohavetotell不带to的不定式不带to的不定式常用于以下结构wouldrather…than宁愿…也不…,ratherthan而不是,hadbetter最好,havenothingtodobut只能，只得,cannotchoosebut别无选择，只能如：Iwouldrathergothanstay.Iprefertogocampingratherthanstayathome.You’dbetterdonothing.Hecoulddonothingbutwait.练习NowIwantnothingbut______________(gooff)totheWesternHillstogooffV-ing考点精讲v-ing作宾语，主要可以分为作动宾和介宾两大类。常见的后面接v-ing作宾语的动词有：admit,consider,avoid,deny,escape,keep,forgive,mention,mind,imagine,prevent,practise,quit,recommend,suggest,finish,risk,advise,

forbid,resist,

oppose,start,anticipate(预料、期望)等如：Irecommendtakingaholiday.Bequiet!Hehasn'tfinishedspeaking.2.在need,require,want,demand等表示“需要”的词后接v-ing表示被动(主动表被动)Thewindowneedscleaning.=Thewindowneedstobecleaned.Thecarrequireswashing.=Thecarrequirestobewashed.V-ing考点精讲3.在以介词to结尾的动词短语后作宾语常见的以介词to结尾的动词短语有（后面跟v-ing）：devoteoneselfto献身于 getdownto着手做inadditionto除…之外

leadto导致lookforwardto盼望

beopposedto反对objectto反对becommittedto致力于beaccustomedto习惯于beusedto习惯于stickto坚持payattentionto注意V-ing考点精讲4.在其余常见介词后面这些介词包括of,on,about,for,at,in,with,inspiteof,insteadof,

after,before,by等如：I’mnotgoodatlearningmath.Youcanprotecttheburntareabycoveringitwithaloosecleancloth.Shesaidsomethingaboutleavingtown.练习Beyondthis,youcankeephealthyby____________(consume)differentcategoriesoffreshfoods.consuming练习Itisnogoo