Unit1 Food matters Grammar and usage 课件 -高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册

Unit1To-infinitives

MILK一.Definition

动词不定式to-infinitive一词来自拉丁语“infinitivus

”，含义为“unlimited,indefinite”(不受限制，不确定)。它是指动词中不带词形变化从而不指人称，数量，时态的一种形式。

Iwanttoeatanapple.Shewantstoeatanapple.Theywanttoeat

apples.Iwanted

toeatanapple.人称数量时态1.Thedefinitionofto-infinitive

MILK二.Forms语态主动被动dobedoinghavedonebedonebedoingdonehavebeendone1.TheformsofverbsMILK语态主动被动todotobedoingtohavedonebedonetohavebeendone2.Theformsofin-finitiveMILK

1.Toclimbupthemountainiseasy,whiletogodownthehillsishard.2.Ittookyearsofworktoachieve

thegoalofcarbonneutrality(碳中和).3.Iwenttotheannualearthquakeworkshop

tolearnsomesafetytips.4.Theauthoritiestoldthelocalpeopletostayinside

whenthetyphoonarrived.5.Theyarrivedattheairport

onlytofind

theflighthadbeencancelled。6.Thingsturnedouttobe

muchbetterthanwehadexpected.7.Beforewereturnedhome,theflooddamageneeded

toberepaired.8.Thiswasthelastcity

tobeclearedof

peoplebeforethevolcanoerupted.subjectsubjectadverbialofpurposeobjectcomplementadverbialofresultpredicativeobjectattributive3.判断不定式在下列句子中作何成分三.To-infinitivesassubjects不定式作主语1.动词不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或者表示将来含义的动作，

且谓语动词常用单数。如：

Tomasteranewskillisnotaneasything.

Toseeistobelieve.

Tohelpothersisourduty.Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.To-infinitiveassubjects

动词不定式作主语

3.如果and连接两个或更多并列的不定式(不定式短语)作主语，谓语动词就用复

数;但作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。Toimprovepeople’slivesandtospeedupprosperity______(be)ourtasks.Whenandwheretodo________________________(notdecide)yet.Whattodoandwheretodo________________________(notdecide)yet.isarehasn’tbeendecidedhaven’tbeendecidedTo-infinitiveassubjects

动词不定式作主语2.单个不定式(不定式短语)做主语，谓语动词用单数Toplaybasketball______(be)great.

To-infinitiveassubjects

动词不定式作主语4.动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而

将动词不定式短语置于句末。常见的句型有以下四种：2)Ittakessb.＋sometime＋todosth.

Ittookmeanhourtorepairmybike.1)It＋be＋名词＋todosth.

Itisstillaproblemtodecidewhatweshoulddonext.

To-infinitiveassubjects

动词不定式作主语4)

It’s＋adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth

该句型的形容词多为修饰人，例如:careless,clever,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,stupid,wise等。It’scleverofyoutoworkoutthemathsproblems.=Youareclevertoworkoutthemathsproblems.adverbial3)It＋be＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.该句型的形容词多修饰事物，例

如:

difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible等。

It’sverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet

用it做形式主语改写下面句子(1)TospeakEnglishwellisn'taneasyjob.

(2)Toimproveourteachingmethodsisveryimportant.(3)Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.

(4)Tolookupeverynewwordwouldbeawasteoftime.

Itisn’taneasyjobtospeakEnglish.

Itisveryimportanttoimproveourteachingmethods.

Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithher.Itwouldbeawasteoftimetolookupeverynewword.PPractice

To-infinitiveassubjects

动词不定式作主语

5.“特殊疑问词+不定式”构成的不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单

数。常见的特殊疑问词有：what,who,which,when,where,why,

how

等。hasn’tisWheretoholdthemeeting

_________(has)beendecided.Howtorelievethepain_____(be)aquestion.四.To-infinitivesaspredicatives动词不定式作表语1.动词不定式作表语，通常说明主语的具体内容。其主语通常是

aim,

ambition,dream,duty,goal,idea,plan,purpose,task,way,wish等表示

意向、打算、计划的词。如：Hisambitionis__________(become)

anactor.Herdutyis___________(lookafter)

thechildren.

tobecometolookafterTobeadoctorismydream.To-infinitiveaspredicatives

动词不定式作表语（不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换）

Mydreamistobeadoctor.＝2.动词不定式作表语省略to的情况动词不定式作表语时，不定式符号to一般不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且

从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。To-infinitiveaspredicatives

动词不定式作表语①Allweneedtodois(to)liveeachdaywithpassion.

我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。②Don'tworry.Whatyouneedtodois(to)haveagoodsleep.

别担心，你需要做的就是好好睡一觉。3.某些系动词，如be，seem（看起来），appear（看起来），prove

（证明），turnout（结果）等，后面可以接不定式作表语。其中，除了be动词之外，seem、appear、prove、turnout后面的表语若是以“tobe+...”的形式出现，通常可以省略tobe。provesTo-infinitiveaspredicatives

动词不定式作表语He

seems(tobe)busy.

＝He

appears(tobe)busy.Theplan

_________(prove)right.

＝Theplan

turnsout(tobe)right.

某些动词的不定式与be动词连用时常用主动形式表示被动意义,如beto

let(出租),betoblame(应负责任)等。特别注意①Thehouseistolet.

这所房子要出租。②Who

istoblamefortheaccident?

谁应该为这起事故负责?动词不定式和动名词做表语都是用于表示主语“是什么”,但动词不定式做表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作;动名词做表语强调的是一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作。特别注意Theman'sjobistopaintthewalls.这位男士的工作是粉刷这些墙。Theman'sjobispaintingwalls.这位男士的工作是粉刷墙。(表示经常性的日常工作)(表示一次性的、具体的、目前要做的事情)

有些系动词，如sound、smell、taste、feel、become等，通常不可以接不定式作表语。

F

T

F特别注意练习：判断下列句子正误Itsmellstobedelicious.Thebookseemsavailable.Thecaketastestobeyummy.五.To-infinitivesasobjects动词不定式作宾语To-infinitiveasobjects

动词不定式作宾语1.不定式可跟在一些动词后作宾语，如:

afford,aim,promise,refuse,

decide,manage,hope,expect等。Thiscompanyrefused_____________(cooperate)withus.tocooperate2.当不定式（短语）在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，常用it

作形式宾语，常见动词有find,think,make,consider,feel,suppose等。Hemakesitarulenever

toborrowmoney.Wefinditveryimportant__________(learn)Englishwell.tolearnRewritethefollowingsentences,usingto-infinitives.(1)ThenextdishthatthecookwillprepareisKungPaoChicken.(attributive).(2)Thepreparationofhome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable.(subject)(3)Herdreamisthatshewillopenarestaurantsomeday.(predicative)ThenextdishtobepreparedbythecookisKungPaoChicken.Topreparehome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable./Itiseasyandenjoyabletopreparehome-cookedmeals.Herdreamistoopenarestaurantsomeday.B1Rewritethefollowingsentences,usingto-infinitives.(4)Wewillputthepotatoesinthepotfirstinorderthattheywillbecookedquickly.(adverbialofpurpose)(5)IconsidertheSoupoftheDayasthebestoptiononthemenu.(objectcomplement)ThenextdishtobepreparedbythecookisKungPaoChicken.Topreparehome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable./Itiseasyandenjoyabletopreparehome-cookedmeals.B1Completethearticlewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.

Aslongasyouarenotafraidofheights,youwillbeimpressedbySkyBuffet,thelatestrestaurantinthecitycentre.(1)_________(locate)atthetopofTower88,itgivesyouanamazingviewofthebay.Betterstill,itsentireseatingareaturnsslowlyanditisenjoyable(2)_________(see)thesceneryoutsidewhilehavingyourmeal.Sinceittakesaboutanhour(3)________(tu