人教版高中英语必修1各单元语法课件

人教版高中英语必修1各单元语法课件Unit1Annesaid:“MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.”(Directspeech)ShesaidthatsheandherfamilywerehidinginAmsterdam.(Indirectspeech)引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内,这叫直接引语(Directspeech);一是用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语(Indirectspeech)。1.直接引语转变为间接引语时,从句由 that引导,可省略;主句动词为一般将 来时或现在时,从句动词时态不变。1.Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenare equalunderthelaw.”Sheoftensays

(that)allmenandwomen areequalunderthelaw.2.“I

likereadingstories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthat

heliked

readingstories.3.“I

don’tlikecars,”Sarahsaidtohim.

Sarahtoldhimthatshedidn’tlikecars.2.直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要 进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过 去时时，从句动词时态应为过去时的 相应时态。【高考链接】(2011·四川高考)Wasitonalonelyisland_____hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown？A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what【解析】选B。考查强调句型。句意:小船下沉一个月之后,他是在一座孤岛上获救的吗？本句是强调句型的一般疑问句式,被强调部分是onalonelyisland,故选B。

直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。1.Shesaid,“Iamhungry.”Shesaidshe

washungry.2.Mumsaidtome,“Youcandoityourself.”Mumtoldmethat

I

coulddoitmyself.

3.Mr.Smithsaid,

“Heisagoodworker.’’Mr.Smithsaidthathewasagoodworker.

1.人称的变化1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”

Jacktoldmethat__lookedworriedthatday.

2.Wesaidtoher,“They’recleaningtheroom.”

Wetoldherthat____werecleaningtheroom.

3.Mr.Blacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongway.”Mr.Blacksaidthat__hadwalkedalongway.

I

theyhe2.时态变化

直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。Hesays,“Itreatyouasmyson.”Hesaysthat

hetreatsmeashisson.1.主句为一般现在时,现在完成时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时态不变。直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)一般现在时“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般过去时Hesaidheknewit.2.当主句为过去时,从句要跟着相应的变化。

现在进行时“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.现在完成进行时Hesaid,“Ihavebeen

doingitforhours.”过去完成进行时Hesaidhehadbeen

doingitforhours.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.

过去进行时“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.过去完成进行时ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)一般将来时Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.过去完成时“Rickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.”Jacksaid.过去完成时JacksaidRickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.

一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时不变1.“Itisreallycold,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmethatit____reallycold.was2.“Idon’twanttogotherewithAlice,”saidTom.Tomsaidthathe______wanttogotherewithAlice.didn’t3.Theboysaid,“Iwill

beapilot.”Theboysaidthathe________apilot.”wouldbe4.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtomusic.”Tomsaidthatthey______________music.

werelisteningto5.Mikesaid,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Mikesaid______________hishomework.hehadfinished

直接引语

间接引语时间状语nowtodaythisweekyesterdaylastweekfourdaysagotomorrownextmonththedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterdaythenthatdaythatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforefourdaysbeforethenextdaythenextmonthintwodays’timetwodaysbefore3.其他变化

直接引语

间接引语指示代词地点状语方向性动词

thisthatthesethoseherethere

come

gobringtakeTheyasked,“Isiteasytosolvetheproblem?”Theyaskedif/whetheritis

easytosolvetheproblem

wasTheyaskedif

itwaseasytosolvetheproblem.Heasked,“Whendoyouharvestthewheat?”Heaskedwhenyouharvestthewheat.weharvestedTheyaskedwhenweharvestedthewheat.疑问句变为间接引语时,除了要把疑问语序改为陈述语序,由whether/if或特殊疑问词引导外,人称、时态和状语等也要作相应地变化。1.“Idon’tknowtheaddressofmynewhome,”saidAnne.Annesaidthatshedidn’tknowtheaddressofhernewhome.2.“I’vegottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows,”Annesaidtoherfather.

Annetoldherfatherthatshehadgottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows.由直接引语转变为间接引语，下列情况时态不变:→Theteachersaidthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.Theteachersaid,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”

1.

不变的真理2.

经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.

直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用：Theteachersaid,“Thebabywasbornin2010.”

→Theteachersaidthebabywasbornin2010.4.部分情态动词,如:must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等。

Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.如果在当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go。如果在当天转述,yesterday/tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。A:Youneedn’tcomeheretomorrow.B:Whatdidshesay?C:Shesaidthatyouneedn’tcomeheretomorrow.1.Theteacheraskedthegirl,“Whyareyoucryinghere?”Theteacheraskedthegirl___________crying_____.2.“Whenwilltheplanetakeoff?”Iwondered.Iwondered_________________________.whyshewastherewhentheplanewouldtakeoff3.“Haveyouseenourplaneyourself?”heaskedtheboy.Heaskedtheboy_____________________plane_______.

whetherhehadseentheirhimself4.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesun riseintheeast?” Theteacheraskedher________the sun_____intheeast.whetherrises人教课标高一必修1Unit2Unit2Englisharoundtheworld1.Hesaid,“I’veleftmypeninmyroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthispeninhisroom.Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.2.Shesaid,“Hewillbebusy.”→

SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.3.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”→1.陈述句的间接引语—连接词用that,在口语中可省略。引述动词用said,told,等。例如：

Hesaid,“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.

复习规律2.

疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me，

him等。例如：

ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”→SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.

3.特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如：TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.

Theteacherasked,“Howdidyourepairit?”

→

4.如何变时态：

直接引语

间接引语一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变如：1)Shesaid,“Ihavelostapen.”→Shesaidshehadlostapen.2)Shesaid,“Wehopeso.”→Shesaidtheyhopedso.3)Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。(1)直接引语是客观真理。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时,时态不变。

XiaoWangsaid,“IwasbornonApril2l,1989.”→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1989.(3)直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时,时态保持不变。

Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallyget

upatsixeveryday.”→Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.(4)

若直接引语中含有when,since,while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如：

Shesaid,“I

wenttherewhenIwassixyearsold.”→Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshewassixyearsold.(5)

若直接引语的谓语中含有would,should,might,must,usedto,oughtto,hadbetter等动词时。如：

Shesaid,“Weshouldhelpeachother.”→Shesaidweshouldhelpeachother.5.如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”。例如:now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore,today变为thatday。地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”。(例如:this改为that),如：

Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”

→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化:

this→thatthese→thosenow→thentoday→thatday

yesterday→thedaybeforetomorrow→thenextdaynextweek(month,year)→thenextweek(month,year)ago→beforehere→there

祈使句的间接引语——采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构:told/asked/ordered

sb.(not)todosth.祈使句的直接引语和间接引语1.如果祈使句是表示请求，间接引语的动词常用ask，如果是表示命令，间接引语的动词常用tell,order,command等。2.有些表示建议的祈使句，变成间接引语时一般用suggestdoing/suggestthatsb.

(should)do...

或advisesb.todo/advisethatsb.(should)do...。如：“Let’sgocampingthisweekend,”Tomsaidtous.→Tomsuggested(us)______________thatweekend.→Tomsuggestedthat_____________________thatweekend.goingcampingwe(should)gocamp直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)祈使句Theofficersaidtohim,“Don’tleaveyourpost.”不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)Let’s开头的祈使句

Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”that引导的宾语从句Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)感叹句Hesaid,“HowhappyIam!”that/what/how引导的宾语从句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.例如:

1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”→ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.2.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.

例如：

Hesaid,“Let’sgotothefilm.”→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）。”★适当改动引用动词，可以使用what和how作连词，语序不变；也可使用that引导，将句子变成相应的宾语从句。感叹句从直接引语变为间接引语时，要注意：★如果直接引语中的谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时或将来时，变成间接引语时，时态无需变化。（这一点同样适用于陈述句和疑问句。）直接引语与间接引语之间的转换规律繁多，但同学们要记住：语言是活生生的，在平时的学习中要灵活掌握并使用这些规则。

将下列直接引语变为间接引语。1.“SpeakEnglishmoreoftenthanjustinclass,”ourEnglishteachersaidtous.→_________________________________________________________________________________.→__________________________________________________________________.OurEnglishteachersuggestedthatwe(should)speakEnglishmoreoftenthanjustinclassOurEnglishteachersuggestedspeakingEnglishmoreoftenthanjustinclass2.“Don’tplaywithfire,littleboy,”hisgrandfathersaid.→_______________________________________________.Hisgrandfathertoldthelittleboynottoplaywithfire人教课标高一必修1Unit3Unit3TravelJournal7.ThescientistisflyingtoTibetnextFriday.8.Lilyiswalkingtoschooltomorrow.9.Thesoldierisridingahorsetosendthemessagethedayaftertomorrow.10.Theyaredrivingtherethen.isflyingiswalkingisridingaredriving现在进行时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或打算要进行的动作；通常带一个表将来的时间状语，但有明确的上下文时无须指出时间。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感。Thepresentcontinuoustensecanbeusedtoexpressaplanoranarrangement.表将来1)不以主观意志为转移的，_____的将 来。e.g.Ishallbeseventeenyearsoldnext month.2)_____________________。e.g.Yougofirst.I’llfollowyou.客观紧接下来要发生的动作即将发生的或最近打算做的事。e.g.Wearegoingtohaveameetingtoday.主观打算计划、安排、义务、应该、可能、命运。e.g.1.Hisdaughteristogetmarriedsoon.2.Nooneistoleavethebuilding.3.Theysaidgoodbye,littleknowingthey werenevertomeetagain._________的动作,不与表示将来的时间状语连用。I______________swimmingwhenmyguideshoutedatmeandtoldmenottodoso.

我正要去游泳,这时向导大声叫我不要去。即将发生wasabouttogo(1)

come,go,leave,move,start,return,arrive,begin,stay等动词表示的是

____,_____等_______时，用一般现在时表将来。

Theplane________at10:10.Thatis,it’sleavingintenminutes.航班轮船时间表takesoff(2)

用在_________中用一般现在时代替将来时。

Ifyou___thatagain,I’llhityou.(3)

用在_____和______后面,常用一般现在时表将来。

Ibetyou____________beforetentomorrow.我敢说你明天不到10点是不会起床的。状语从句doIbetIhopedon’tgetup人教课标高一必修1Unit4Unit4Earthquakes定语从句TheAttributiveClauseTheboywhoisreadingabookoverthereismyfriend.Heismyfriend.Heisreadingabookoverthere.Heisapopularsingerwhosesongispopularamongyoungpeople.HeisafamoussingerwhoisfromTaiwan.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。结局好,一切都好。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体,失去时方知其可贵。ProverbsFriendshipislikesoundhealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknownuntilitislost.Alliswellthat

endswell.Hewho

laughslastlaughsbest.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有：定语从句关系代词：who,

whomwhose,

which,that

关系副词：when,

where关系代词的句法功能及指代功能关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行词和在从句中充当某种句子成分。现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下：指代人指代物指代人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)在从句中的作用指代功能定语从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修饰的成分之后。e.g.Thisis

thecar

whichheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句Doyouknowthedoctor?Hespokejustnow.

Doyouknowthedoctor

whospokejustnow?whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman

(whom)

wesawattheBeijingHotel?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.Thegirl

(whom)Icalledjustnow

isfromAmerica.which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。

e.g.I’mnotinterestedinthebook

which

hasjustbeenpublished.appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.Theapplewhichisredissmall.Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.Ihavereadthenewspaper

whichcarriestheimportantnews.Ishowedhimtheletter.Ireceiveditthismorning.Ishowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。e.g.ThehousethatI’mgoingtobuyfacessouth.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm.They’retalkingaboutthefilm(that)I’veseen.ItwaswrittenbyLaoshe.Janehasborrowedthebook.JanehasborrowedthebookthatwaswrittenbyLaoshe.*先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定语从句必须用that引导。all,every,any,little,few,much,no,only,very,the+序数词,the+形容词最高级e.g.Thisisthecleanestpark

thatyoucanimagine.Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons

hehadvisitedinthecity.*在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用that引导。that

e.g.Whoisthemanisstandingoverthere.thate.g.Thisistheonlybook

thathasbeenwritteninFrench.*先行词在从句中作表语时,限制性定语从句通常用that引导。(常可省略)e.g.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.Thatisthenewmachine.Thepartsofitaretoosmalltosee.That’sthemachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltosee.当先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等,指人时一般用who,不用that。e.g.Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.

在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。e.g.Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.

先行词是人,从句中缺动词宾语或介词 宾语时,用whom或that(介词后不用 that)。e.g.Theteacherwantstoreturnthebooktothegirlfromwhomheborrowedit.

Heisthestudent(whom,who,that)youwanttosee.关系代词that,which,whom在从句中作宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略。

*

whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。Thegirlgotfirst.Herfatherhadgivenusareport.Thegirlwhosefather

hadgivenusareportgotfirst.e.g.That’sthemanwhosehousewas

burneddown.I.根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。Thisisthebestfilm________________ _____(我看过的).(that)Ihaveeverseen2.Hehasadaughter_________________ ____________(在医院工作的).3.Thetree__________________________ ______________________(叶子变红了 的)isanoldone.who/thatworkswhoseleavesturnred/theinahospitalleavesofwhichturnred(2016北京卷-22）Ilivenextdoortoacouple______childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.A.whose B.why C.where D.which【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。acouple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，相当于thechildrenofwhom，故选A。考点：考查定语从句(2016浙江卷-11）Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof______hasbeenproved.A.whom B.which C.what D.that解析：句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。考点：考查定语从句。(2015福建卷）ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.A.who B.whom C.that D.which答案：D解析：本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群，这显示全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。分析句子结构可知，空格所在句为非限制性定语从句，所以排除C项that;从句中缺主语,指代前面“《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群”这件事，故应用which来引导定语从句。who,whom用来指人。人教课标高一必修1Unit5

修饰限定名词或代词的句子就叫做定语从句。关系代词：who,

whom,whose,

which,that

引导定语从句的关系词有：定义：Thisisthefactory.Iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago.1.关系副词whereThisisthefactory

where

Iworkedtenyearsago.Theschoolisnearapark.Mysonstudiesinthisschool.Theschool

where

mysonstudiesisnearapark.Thisisthefactorywhere

Iworkedtenyearsago.Theschool

where

mysonstudiesisnearapark.where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作_________,相当于“介词+_________(which)”。inwhichinwhich地点状语关系代词They’llneverforgetJuly1.HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherlandonJuly1.2.关系副词whenThey’llneverforgetJuly1

when

HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedaysaregoneforever.Welivedtogetherhappilyduringthosedays.Thedays

whenwelivedtogetherhappilyaregoneforever.They’llneverforgetJuly1

when

HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedays

when

welivedtogetherhappilyaregoneforever.onwhichduringwhichwhen引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,在定语从句中作_________,相当于“介词+_________(which)”。时间状语关系代词Therearemanyreasons.Peopleliketravelingformanyreasons.3.关系副词whywhy

引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason,在从句中作原因状语,相当于“for+which”。Therearemanyreasons

why

peopleliketraveling.forwhichTherelativeadverbReferring

to

Function

inthe

clausewhen(=at/in/on/…+which)where(=in/at/…+which)why(=for+which)timeadverbialoftimeplacereasonadverbialofplaceadverbialofreasonThemineswhyIgotajobwasthe5thofAugust.Thereasonwhere

Iworked

wasbecauseofmyhardwork.Thetimewhen

Ijoinedthewere9kmfromANCYouthLeaguemyhome.Thebuildingwhere

wevoted

waslateatnight.Thedatewhen

Iarrivedwasverytall.1.Beijingistheplace_______________I wasborn.2.Isthisthereason______________he refusedouroffer?3.Iwillneverforgettheday_________ ______Ifirstmetyouontheseashore.4.Thereareoccasions______________ onemustyield.where(inwhich)why(forwhich)when(onwhich)when(onwhich)n.

场合；时机on…occasion:在……时刻/场合occasionsona.Thisistheplacewhere

heworks.Thisistheplacewhich/that

wevisitedlastyear.b.Thatwastheday

when

hearrived.Doyoustillrememberthedaythat/which

wespenttogether?c.Thisisthereasonwhyheleft.Thereasonthat/which

hegaveuswasquitereasonable.选择定语从句的关系词一定要看先行词在从句中所做成分。当先行词在从句中作状语，则选择相应的关系_____。当先行词在从句中作主语,宾语或表语,则选择相应的关系_____。副词代词I’llneverforgetthedays_____________wewor