2024-2025学年江苏省决胜新高考高三上学期10月大联考英语英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省决胜新高考2024-2025学年高三上学期10月大联考英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whathashappenedtothecupwithlittlehearts?A.Ithasbeenlost.B.Ithasbeendamaged.C.Ithasbeengiventotheman.【答案】B【原文】W:Haveyouseenmyfavoritecup?Theonewithlittleheartsonit.IthinkI’velostit.M:Sorry,ImeanttotellyouthatIbrokeitlastweekwhilewashingit.ButIgotyouthisonetoreplaceit.W:Iloveit!2.Whatdidthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Sewsomeclothes.B.Cleanupthefloors.C.Paymoreattentionnexttime.【答案】C【原文】M:Mindy,Ifoundaneedleonthefloor.Ialmoststeppedonit.Youshouldbemorecareful.W:Itwasn’tme,Ben.Itwasmymother.Shecameovertohelpwiththechildren’sclothes.ButI’llsweepthefloorrightnowtomakesuretherearen’tanymore.3.HowmanyclassesdoesthegirlhaveonMonday?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four.【答案】B【原文】M:Ihavedanceclassfirstthing,andthenmusicstraightafterlunch.W:Luckyyou.Forme,it’sabusyMonday.Ihavedoubleclassesofmathandthengeography.4.Whydoesthewomanadvisethemantorun?A.Tocatchthepostman.B.Toborrowsomestamps.C.Toreachthepostofficebeforeclosing.【答案】C【原文】M:DoyouhaveanystampsIcanborrow?Iwanttosendthisstraightaway.W:I’mafraidIdon’t.Butifyourun,youmightjustcatchthepostoffice.5.Whatisacrossfromthenewclothingstore?A.Abank. B.Amovietheater. C.Abookstore.【答案】B【原文】M:Iwasinthatnewclothingstorenexttothebankandtheyhadsomeshirtsthatwouldreallysuityou.W:Isitoppositethecinema?Whatdidtheplaceusetobebeforetheclothingstoreopened?M:Yeah,itwasabookstorebefore.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Confident. B.Tired. C.Confused.7.Whichcountrywasthemanbornin?A.Japan. B.China. C.Australia.【答案】6.C7.A【原文】M:Excuseme,canyouhelpme?Ican’tunderstandpartofthisform.W:Certainly,sir.Whatpartareyouhavingproblemswith?M:Part3A.I’mnotquitesurewhatit’sasking.I’vereaditseveraltimesbutitdoesnotmakeanysense.W:Thatpartoftheformisonlyforforeigntravelers.M:Technically,Iam.I’moriginallyfromJapan,butthenIwasraisedinAustraliabeforecomingtoChina.W:Wheredoyoulivenow?M:IliveinHongKong.W:Youarewelltraveled.M:Iam,butsometimestheseformsstillconfuseme.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Tutorandstudent.C.Motherandson.9.Whatsubjectistheboystrugglingwith?A.Math. B.English. C.Geography.10.Whatactivityisrelatedtothewoman’sjob?A.Testing. B.Writing. C.Teaching.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【原文】W:Malcolm,haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?M:Notyet,Ineeddad’shelpwithoneofthequestions.W:Well,maybeIcanhelp?M:Thanks,butdadknowsmoreaboutalgebrathanyou.W:Iamjustascapableasyourfather.Webothwenttouniversity.M:Butdadusesitallthetimeinhisjob.Youwritealotinyourjob,soIcometoyouwhenIneedhelpwithmyEnglishtests.W:That’sverysmart,butsometimesyourfatherwon’tbeabletohelpyou.Soifyouneedit,I’mhere.I’malsogoodatgeography.M:OKthen.Canyoutellmetheanswertothisone?W:No,butIcanshowyouhowtofindtheansweryourself.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inastore.B.Inagallery.C.Intheman’sapartment.12.Whatcoloristhewoman’scoloredwall?A.Purple. B.Cream. C.Orange.13.Whereisthewallpaperlocated?A.Underthebrushes.B.Nexttothesheets.C.Acrossfromthepaint.【答案】11.A12.A13.C【原文】M:Excuseme,canyoutellmewherethepaintsectionis?W:It’sstraightdownthere.M:Thankyou.We’regoingtopaintmyapartment.W:Oh,Ilovedecorating.Whatcolorareyougoingfor?M:Maybesomethingincreamorwhite.Wemightsellitsoon,sowewantittolookairy.W:Alotofpeoplethesedayshaveonewallinabrightordistinctcolortomakeitstandout.Ihaveapurpleoneinmybedroom.M:Ididseeoneatafriend’shouse.Hehadpaintedonesideofhislivingroomorange.Itlookedverysmart.I’mjustnotsureIcoulddoasgoodajob.I’mnotanartist.W:Well,wehaveallthetoolsyouneednexttothepaint,likebrushesandsheetstokeepyourfurnitureclean.Orifyouwantachallenge,thewallpaperisontheoppositeside.M:You’vebeenmosthelpful.W:Ifyouneedanythingelse,justletmeknow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Amissingpet. B.Alatepackage. C.Awrongfoodorder.15.WhoisTommy?A.Thewoman’sson. B.Thewoman’spet. C.Thewoman’sboss.16.Whatiswrongwiththedeliverydrivers?A.Theyareill.B.Theyareoutforlunch.C.Theyhaveleftthecompany.17.Whatwillthewomangetthemoneyforaccordingtotheman?A.Herlostitem.B.Deliverycosts.C.Hertimespentonthephone.【答案】14.B15.B16.A17.C【原文】W:Ihavebeenonholdforhalfanhourtryingtofindoutwheremydeliveryis!M:Iapologize,Mrs.Smith.Thisisnotthelevelofserviceweusuallyoffer.W:Thenwhatistheproblem?It’sapresentformylittleTommy.It’shisbirthdaytomorrow.Ipickedsomedogfoodforhim.Whyhaven’tIreceivedhispresentyet?M:Wehadtouseadeliveryserviceinsteadofourowndrivers.W:Why?M:Ishouldn’treallysay.W:Idemandanexplanation,orIwanttospeaktoyourboss.M:Ourdriversalleatfromthesamerestaurantatlunch.Theyhaveallgotfoodpoisoning.W:Well,I’msorrytohearthat.IhopetheyareOK.M:Me,too.Becauseyouaresuchaloyalcustomer,Iwouldliketoofferyouafullrefundfortheitem.W:Iguessthatwouldbeacceptable.Holdon,there’ssomeoneatmydoor.M:Hello,Mrs.Smith?W:Thatwasyourdriver.Itarrived!Thankyousomuch.M:I’mgladitallworkedoutfine.Wewouldstillliketoofferyouarefund,forthelengthofthecall.W:Thankyou.Thatwouldbelovely.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whydoesthenurseryoffertheplans?A.Tokeepchildrensafe.B.Tomakechildrenhealthy.C.Tohelpchildrenfindtheirway.19.Whenaretheteachersonduty?A.8:00p.m.onMonday.B.7:00a.m.onThursday.C.9:00a.m.onSaturday.20.Towhomisthespeakermainlytalking?A.Childrenatthenursery. B.Newteachers. C.Children’sparents.【答案】18.A19.B20.C【原文】Thereisanotherthingtopointoutaboutsafetybeforewestarttoday’snurserytour.Thesafetyofyourchildrenis,ofcourse,ourmainconcernandweareconstantlyworkingtoimproveitinanypossibleway.Wealsotrytomakesurethatyourchildrenenjoytheirtimeatnurseryandbenefitfromitasmuchaspossible.Thenurseryofferstwoplanstoensureyouknowthatyourchildrenaresafe.TheBusTripplanistomakesurethatchildrengetwheretheyneedtogoafternurserywithateacherondutytoprotectthem,whethertheyaregoingstraighthomeorsomewhereelse.TheIn-Schoolplangivesyoupeaceofmindwhenthechildrenarebeingtaught.Acarefulrecordiskeptofwherechildrenareinthebuildingsothatwecanlocatethemquicklyatanytime.Youareprovidedwithanumber,soyoucancallthenurserybetween7:00a.m.and7:00p.m.ontheweekdays.Requirementscanalsobemadebytextandemail.Allinall,wearetryingourbesttomakesureyourchildrenaresafewhiletheyareattendingthenursery.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHitchinLavender(薰衣草)AboutAfamily-runfarmwitha12-acreblanketoflavenderthatpaintsthehillsideavividpurpleeverysummer.Justpickupapaperbagandsomescissorsatthegate,andoffyougo—gulping(深呼吸)lungfulsoffragrantairasyougo.Youcanpickyourwayaroundthefieldandtakebunchesofthestuffhomebythebag.There’salsoafieldfullofsunflowers,whichmakesforprettyphotoopportunities.TheheightoffloweringseasonislateJunetomid-July(soearlyvisitorsshouldn’texpectpeakpurple)butit’sworthkeepinganeyeonitsFacebookpageforupdatestotimeyourvisit.FunfactThankstobeingfeaturedonaChinesewebsite,thefarmsawahugeriseininternationalvisitorslookingforatypicalBritishexperiencelastyear.Valueformoney?Fieldentranceisadults£6,children£3(5-14s),under5sfreewhichincludesfreepickingforall.Theentryfeeincludesbagandscissors,whileextrabagsforchildrenoreageradultsare£4each.GettingthereBycariseasiest:Takejunction10offtheA1MtowardsStotfold,thenfollowtheA507.Itmakesagreatstop-offifyou’reheadingtoCambridge.OrtakethetrainfromKing’sCrosstoHitchin,thenataxitothefarm.Openinghours10am-5pmdailyfromMay26untiltheendofAugust,withlatenightsuntil9pmonselecteddatesinAugust.21.WhatdoweknowaboutHitchinLavender?A.Itencouragespicking. B.Itisinconvenientlylocated.C.Itoffersphoto-takingservice. D.ItisrunbyaChinesewebagency.22.Howmuchwouldacouplewiththeir3-year-oldsonpayforadmission?A.£9. B.£12. C.£15. D.£19.23.WhatisthetimetoenjoyHitchinLavender’speakpurple?A.May26. B.August18. C.July8. D.April30.【答案】21.A22.B23.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了HitchinLavender薰衣草农场的相关信息，包括农场特色、有趣的事实、价格、到达方式和开放时间等。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据About部分中“Justpickupapaperbagandsomescissorsatthegate,andoffyougo—gulping(深呼吸)lungfulsoffragrantairasyougo.Youcanpickyourwayaroundthefieldandtakebunchesofthestuffhomebythebag.(只需在门口拿一个纸袋和一把剪刀，然后你就可以上路了——一路上深吸一口芬芳的空气。你可以在田野里挑选，然后用袋子把一束束的东西带回家)”可知，HitchinLavender鼓励游客采摘薰衣草。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Valueformoney?部分中“Fieldentranceisadults£6,children£3(5-14s),under5sfreewhichincludesfreepickingforall.(田野入场费成人为6英镑，儿童(5-14岁)为3英镑，5岁以下儿童免费，含所有人免费采摘)”可知，一对夫妇和他们三岁的儿子入场需支付6+6+0=12英镑。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据About部分中“TheheightoffloweringseasonislateJunetomid-July(soearlyvisitorsshouldn’texpectpeakpurple).(花开的高峰期是6月下旬到7月中旬(所以早期的游客不要期望看到最盛的紫色))”可知，7月8日处于6月下旬到7月中旬之间，是欣赏HitchinLavender最盛紫色的时间。7月8日在这一区间，故选C项。BWhenCraigMillermovedtotheCatskillmountainsinNewYorkafterretirement,thejournalistwantedtogetawayfromtrafficjamsandwildfiresandenjoyaquieterpaceoflife.Yet,oneyearintohisstay,hebecamehistown’snewestvolunteerfirefighter.Drivingaroundtownandnoticingrecruitment(招聘)signs,hedecidedtodigfurther.“Speakingtofirechiefs,Irealizedtheyareincrisissincemorethan60%ofallfirefightersintheUSarevolunteers,andruralareascan’tgetyoungpeopletojoin,”hesays.“Thechiefwastryingtorecruitme,sayingthatitdidn’tmatteraboutmyage.”Millerrealizedthatvolunteeringwouldbeagoodwaytobecomeapartofthecommunity,sohesigneduptotrainasafirefighter.“Thetrainingownedmylifeforthreemonths,withnightclassesandSaturdaysessionscoveringeverythingfromoperatingapumppaneltothrowingladders(梯子),”hesays.“Westartedeverysessionwitha‘donningdrill’,racingtoput18kofequipmentoninunderaminute.WesometimeshadtodoitfourorfivetimesandIwasstaggering(摇晃)bytheend.Itimmediatelyimprovedmyfitness.”Averaging60calloutsayear,Millerhasexperiencedhishair-raisingmoments.“I’vebeenoncarfiresandwildfires,whicharestubbornanddifficult.Carscanalsogiveoffsomegnarlyfumeswhentheyaremelting,”hesays.“Theworstfeelingiswhenyougetpaged,showupandyou’retheonlyoneatthestation.ThathappenedoncewhenIwasearlyintomytraininganditwasterrifyingthinkingIwouldhavetoleadthecallout.”Thegreatestimpacthascomefromhelpingpeopleduringsomeoftheworstmomentsoftheirlives.“It’smassivelyrewardingtoputyourselfoutthereforstrangersandtheyaresogratefulforus,too,”hesays.Despiteinitiallythinkinghewouldstopvolunteeringat70,Millerisnowcommittedtocarryingon.“Oneoftheessentialthingsinlifeistofeelthatyoureffortshavemeaningandthatyouaremakingadifference.I’llkeepgoingaslongasI’mable.Itgetsinyourblood.”hesays.24.WhydidMillervolunteerasafirefighter?A.Hedesiredasenseofbelonging. B.Hefoundhisretirementlifedull.C.Hewasanadventurousjournalist. D.Heneededmaterialsforhisreports.25.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Afirerescueoperation. B.Thefirefightingtraining.C.Arecipeforbuildingmuscle. D.Thechallengesfacingfirefighters.26.WhatmadeMillerfeelworst?A.Hegothiscarburntinafire. B.Hehadmorecalloutstocopewith.C.Hewasunpreparedfortheemergency. D.Hehadtocarryouttheoperationalone.27.WhatmotivatesMillertocontinuevolunteering?A.Heisfullofenergy. B.Hecanencounterstrangers.C.Hefindsapurposeinhislife. D.Hedesiresgratitudefromothers.【答案】24.A25.B26.D27.C【语篇解读】本篇是记叙文，文章介绍了CraigMiller在退休之后从事消防志愿者的情况。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Millerrealizedthatvolunteeringwouldbeagoodwaytobecomeapartofthecommunity,sohesigneduptotrainasafirefighter.(Miller意识到志愿服务是成为社区一员的好方法，所以他报名参加了消防员培训。)”可知，CraigMiller参加消防志愿者活动是因为他渴望一种归属感。故选A。【25题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段““Thetrainingownedmylifeforthreemonths,withnightclassesandSaturdaysessionscoveringeverythingfromoperatingapumppaneltothrowingladders(梯子),”hesays.“Westartedeverysessionwitha‘donningdrill’,racingtoput18kofequipmentoninunderaminute.WesometimeshadtodoitfourorfivetimesandIwasstaggering(摇晃)bytheend.Itimmediatelyimprovedmyfitness.”(他说：“培训占据了我三个月的生活，包括夜间课程和周六课程，涵盖了从操作泵面板到投掷梯子的所有内容。”“我们每次训练都以‘穿戴训练’开始，在一分钟内完成18k的装备。有时我们要做四五次，到最后我都摇摇晃晃的。它立即改善了我的健康状况。”)”可知，第三段描述了Miller的消防培训经历。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中““Theworstfeelingiswhenyougetpaged,showupandyou’retheonlyoneatthestation.ThathappenedoncewhenIwasearlyintomytraininganditwasterrifyingthinkingIwouldhavetoleadthecallout.”(“最糟糕的感觉是，当你被呼叫时，你是车站里唯一的一个人。我刚开始训练的时候就发生过一次这样的事，一想到我必须领导这个组织，我就觉得很可怕。”)”可知，他最糟糕的感觉是接到火警后一个人去执行任务。故选D【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Oneoftheessentialthingsinlifeistofeelthatyoureffortshavemeaningandthatyouaremakingadifference.I’llkeepgoingaslongasI’mable.Itgetsinyourblood.”hesays.(“生活中最重要的事情之一就是感觉到你的努力有意义，并且你在产生影响。只要我还能做，我就会继续下去。这已经成为我的一部分。”他说。)”可知，他继续消防志愿者工作是因为他找到了人生的目标，故选C。CHollywoodmayhavewarnedabouttherisksofstrikinguprelationshipswithartificialintelligenceinSpikeJonze’slatestfeature‘Her’.Setinthenot-too-distantfuture,ittellsthestoryofTwomblywhofindshimselffallinginlovewithanartificiallyintelligentvirtualassistantpersonifiedthroughafemalevoice.Butonecomputerscientistsayswemaybemissingatrickifwedonotacceptthepositivesthathuman-machinerelationshipshavetooffer.TonyPrescott,professorofcognitiveroboticsattheUniversityofSheffieldarguesthatAIhasanimportantroletoplayinpreventinghumanloneliness.Justaswedevelopmeaningfulbondswithpets,soshouldwebeopentothevalueofAItoadults,hesays.Thedegreeofthelonelinessproblemhasbecomeclearinrecentyears.IntheUK,morethan79%,ornearlyfourmillionpeople,areknowntoexperiencechronicloneliness,meaningtheyfeellonelyoftenoralways.AccordingtoaHarvardstudyfrom2021,morethanathirdofAmericansfeelseriousloneliness,andsomeoftheworst-affectedareyoungadultsandmotherswithsmallchildren.Theknock-oneffectsonwellbeingarealsobetterunderstood.Lonelinessislinkedtomoreheartdisease,dementia,stroke,depression,anxietyandprematuredeath,withanimpactonmortality(死亡率)equaltosmokingupto15cigarettesaday.Failuretoaddresstheproblem,wouldseetheworldcontinuingtosplinteruntilwecannolongerstandasacommunity.WhetherAIcan,orshould,bepartofthesolutionisnotanewdebate.MuraliDoraiswamy,professorofpsychiatryandmedicineatDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina,said:“Rightnow,alltheevidencepointstohavingaclosehumanfriendasthebestsolutionforloneliness.Butuntilsocietyprioritizessocialconnectedness,robotsareasolutionforthemillionsofpeoplewhohavenofriends.”“Weneedtobecarefultobuildinrulestoensuretheyaremoralandtrustworthy,andthatprivacyisprotected.”28.WhatdoesSpikeJonze’sHerfocuson?A.Petswell-beings. B.EffectsofLoneliness.C.AI’spersonalizedservice. D.Human-machinerelationships.29.Whydoestheauthorcitethenumbersinparagraph3?A.Todirectpeople’sattentiontoloneliness.B.Tostressthegravityorlonelinessintheworld.C.TocomparelonelinesscasesintheUKandUSA.D.Toclarifypeople’smisconceptionaboutloneliness.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“splinter”inparagraph4mean?A.Unite. B.Expand. C.Divide. D.Advance.31.WhatdoesDoraiswamythinkofturningtoAlforcompany?A.Itishighlydebatable. B.Itisnottheoreticallybased.C.Ittakeslongertimetoseeitseffect. D.Itisworkablebutneedsmoreguidance.【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能与人类关系的话题，通过引用电影《她》的情节引出话题，并介绍了专家对于人工智能在缓解人类孤独感方面所起作用的观点。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“HollywoodmayhavewarnedabouttherisksofstrikinguprelationshipswithartificialintelligenceinSpikeJonze’slatestfeature‘Her’.Setinthenot-too-distantfuture,ittellsthestoryofTwomblywhofindshimselffallinginlovewithanartificiallyintelligentvirtualassistantpersonifiedthroughafemalevoice.(好莱坞可能已经在斯派克·琼斯的最新电影《她》中警告过与人工智能建立关系的风险。故事设定在不远的未来，讲述了Twombly发现自己爱上了一个通过女性声音拟人化的人工智能虚拟助手的故事)”可知，SpikeJonze的电影《她》关注的是人与机器之间的关系。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thedegreeofthelonelinessproblemhasbecomeclearinrecentyears.IntheUK,morethan79%,ornearlyfourmillionpeople,areknowntoexperiencechronicloneliness,meaningtheyfeellonelyoftenoralways.AccordingtoaHarvardstudyfrom2021,morethanathirdofAmericansfeelseriousloneliness,andsomeoftheworst-affectedareyoungadultsandmotherswithsmallchildren.(近年来，孤独问题的程度已经变得清晰。在英国，已知有超过79%，即近400万人经历着长期的孤独，这意味着他们经常或总是感到孤独。根据哈佛大学2021年的一项研究，超过三分之一的美国人感到严重的孤独，其中受影响最严重的是年轻人和有小孩的母亲)”可知，作者在第三段中引用数字是为了强调世界上孤独问题的严重性。故选B项。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Lonelinessislinkedtomoreheartdisease,dementia,stroke,depression,anxietyandprematuredeath,withanimpactonmortality(死亡率)equaltosmokingupto15cigarettesaday.(孤独与更多的心脏病、痴呆、中风、抑郁、焦虑和早逝有关，对死亡率的影响相当于每天吸多达15支烟)”可知，孤独会导致死亡。结合画线词所在句中“Failuretoaddresstheproblem(未能解决这个问题)”和“untilwecannolongerstandasacommunity.(直到我们无法再作为一个社区而存在)”可推知，如不解决孤独问题，死亡问题将导致世界继续分裂，直到我们无法再作为一个社区存在。故画线词意思是“分裂”，与divide意思相近。故选C项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Doraiswamy的话“Rightnow,alltheevidencepointstohavingaclosehumanfriendasthebestsolutionforloneliness.Butuntilsocietyprioritizessocialconnectedness,robotsareasolutionforthemillionsofpeoplewhohavenofriends.(目前，所有的证据都表明，有一个亲密的人类朋友是解决孤独问题的最好办法。但在社会把社交联系放在首位之前，机器人是数百万没有朋友的人的解决方案)”和“Weneedtobecarefultobuildinrulestoensuretheyaremoralandtrustworthy,andthatprivacyisprotected.(我们需要小心制定规则，确保它们是道德的、值得信赖的，并且隐私得到保护)”可知，Doraiswamy认为转向人工智能作为陪伴是可行的，但需要更多的指导来确保其道德、可信赖以及隐私保护。故选D项。DTherestorativeeffectofagoodnight’snestiswidelyrecognizedandthepopularscientificexplanationhasbeenthatthebrainwashesourtoxins(毒素)duringsleep.However,newfindingssuggestthistheory,whichhasbecomeadominantviewinneuroscience,couldbewrong.Thestudyfoundthattheclearanceandmovementoffluidinthebrainsofmicewas,infact,markedlyreducedduringsleep.Inthelateststudy,researchersusedafluorescentdyetostudythebrainsofmice.Thisallowedthemtoseehowquicklythedyemovedfromfluidfilledspaces,calledtheventricles,tootherbrainregionsandenabledthemtomeasuretherateofclearanceofthedyefromthebraindirectly.Thestudyshowedthattheclearanceofthedyewasreducedbyabout30%insleepingmice,comparedwithmicethatwerekeptawake.Thefindingshaverelevancefordementia(痴呆)researchduetotheincreasingevidenceofalinkbetweenpoorsleepandAlzheimer’srisk.IthasnotbeenclearwhetherlackofsleepmightcauseAlzheimer’s,orwhetheritissimplyanearlysymptom.Somehadhypothesized(假设)thatwithoutenoughsleep,thebrainmaynotbeabletocleartoxinseffectively,butthelatestresearchraisesdoubtsaboutthereasonabilityofthisexplanation.Disruptedsleepisacommonsymptomexperiencedbypeoplelivingwithdementia.However,scientistsstilldonotknowitthisisaconsequenceoradrivingfactorinthediseaseprogression.Itmaywellbethathavinggoodsleepdoeshelptoreducedementiariskforreasonsotherthanclearingtoxins.“Thefieldhasbeensofocusedontheclearanceideaasoneofthekeyreasonswhywesleep,andwewereofcourseverysurprisedtoobservetheoppositeinourresults,”saidProfBillWisden,co-leadauthorofthestudy.“Ourstudyhasshownthatbrainclearanceishighlyefficientduringthewakingstate.Ingeneral,beingawake,activeandexercisingmaymoreefficientlycleanthebrainoftoxins.”32.Whatdidthenewresearchfocuson?A.Brain’swaste-removalability. B.Thepatternofmice’smovement.C.Thebenefitsofagoodnight’srest. D.Brain’ssleep-wakecycledisorders.33.Whatdoesparagraph2focuson?A.Thefact-findingprocess. B.Theresearchimplications.C.Thetheoreticalbasisofthestudy. D.Theelementsoftheresearchdesign.34.Itcanbelearntfromthetextthat________.A.clearingtoxinsisakey/reasonforsleeping B.lackofsleepisasymptomofAlzheimer’sC.enoughsleephelpscleartoxinseffectively D.goodsleepislikelytoreducedementiarisk35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Lackofsleepisahiddenhealthcrisis B.Sleepdoesn’thelpbrainwashouttoxinsC.Agoodnight’ssleepcouldcutdementiarisk D.Disruptedsleeppatternscanleadtodementia【答案】32.A33.A34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文体裁为说明文。文章主要介绍了关于睡眠期间大脑功能的新研究发现，特别是关于大脑是否在睡眠期间清除毒素的争议。【32题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Therestorativeeffectofagoodnight’snestiswidelyrecognizedandthepopularscientificexplanationhasbeenthatthebrainwashesourtoxins(毒素)duringsleep.However,newfindingssuggestthistheory,whichhasbecomeadominantviewinneuroscience,couldbewrong.Thestudyfoundthattheclearanceandmovementoffluidinthebrainsofmicewas,infact,markedlyreducedduringsleep.(睡个好觉的恢复作用得到了广泛的认可，流行的科学解释是，大脑在睡眠时洗掉了我们的毒素。然而，新的发现表明，这个已经成为神经科学主流观点的理论可能是错误的。研究发现，事实上，老鼠大脑中液体的清除和运动在睡眠期间明显减少。)”和第二段“Inthelateststudy,researchersusedafluorescentdyetostudythebrainsofmice.Thisallowedthemtoseehowquicklythedyemovedfromfluidfilledspaces,calledtheventricles,tootherbrainregionsandenabledthemtomeasuretherateofclearanceofthedyefromthebraindirectly.Thestudyshowedthattheclearanceofthedyewasreducedbyabout30%insleepingmice,comparedwithmicethatwerekeptawake.(在最新的研究中，研究人员使用荧光染料来研究老鼠的大脑。这使他们能够看到染料从充满液体的空间（称为心室）移动到大脑其他区域的速度有多快，并使他们能够直接测量染料从大脑中清除的速度。研究表明，与保持清醒的老鼠相比，睡着的老鼠对染料的清除减少了约30%。)”可知，新的研究关注的是大脑的废物清除能力。故选A。【33题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Inthelateststudy,researchersusedafluorescentdyetostudythebrainsofmice.Thisallowedthemtoseehowquicklythedyemovedfromfluidfilledspaces,calledtheventricles,tootherbrainregionsandenabledthemtomeasuretherateofclearanceofthedyefromthebraindirectly.Thestudyshowedthattheclearanceofthedyewasreducedbyabout30%insleepingmice,comparedwithmicethatwerekeptawake.(在最新的研究中，研究人员使用荧光染料来研究老鼠的大脑。这使他们能够看到染料从充满液体的空间（称为心室）移动到大脑其他区域的速度有多快，并使他们能够直接测量染料从大脑中清除的速度。研究表明，与保持清醒的老鼠相比，睡着的老鼠对染料的清除减少了约30%。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了事实发现的过程。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。由文章第四段“Itmaywellbethathavinggoodsleepdoeshelptoreducedementiariskforreasonsotherthanclearingtoxins.(这很可能是因为良好的睡眠确实有助于降低痴呆症的风险，而不是清除毒素。)”可知，良好的睡眠可能会降低痴呆的风险。故选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“However,newfindingssuggestthistheory,whichhasbecomeadominantviewinneuroscience,couldbewrong.Thestudyfoundthattheclearanceandmovementoffluidinthebrainsofmicewas,infact,markedlyreducedduringsleep.(然而，新的发现表明，这个已经成为神经科学主流观点的理论可能是错误的。研究发现，事实上，老鼠大脑中液体的清除和运动在睡眠期间明显减少。)”可知，文章主要讲述了新的研究发现睡眠期间大脑不会清除毒素，与以往的观点相反。因此，B选项“Sleepdoesn’thelpbrainwashouttoxins(睡眠不能帮助大脑清除毒素)”符合题意。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fromconvincingapotentialnewclienttosharingyourknowledgewithyourpeers,presentinghelpsyougetkeyideasacrosstoalargeaudience.___36___Ifyou’relookingtogetstartedindevelopingeffectivepresentationskills,thesehandytipswillallowyoutoimproveyourpresentations.Speakfreely___37___Tomakethepresentationaslivelyandenjoyableaspossible,youshouldavoidreadingatoff.Speakfreely,slowly,andclearly.Ifyouarenotyetconfidentinwhatyouarepresenting,tryusingnotecards.Butkeepinmind:Nocontinuoustext,butonlyshort,concisebulletpoints!BeconfidentByappearingself-confident,youconveytothelistenerthatyouareconfidentinyourtopicandhavepreparedyourselfsufficiently.___38___Anothertipforadvancedspeakers:Stepoutinfrontofthepodiumandwalkaroundtheroomandgetclosertotheaudience.Thisalsoexudes(散发)self-confidenceandhelpsinattractingyouraudience’sattention.EngagewiththeaudienceAlwaystrytokeeptheattentionofyouraudienceandkeepthemengagedduringapresentation.Onewaytodothisistoaskquestions.Deliberatelyask“easy”questionssothatcaneasilybeansweredbyyouraudience.Anotherwaytoinvolvetheaudienceinyourpresentationisbyinteractingwiththem.Tomakeapointclearer,youcanuseanexampletoexplainitinmoredetail,usingaperson.___39___SpeakthelanguageoftheaudienceWhencreatingyourpresentation,youshouldalreadythinkaboutyourtargetaudience.Itisoneofthemostusefultoolsinapresenter’stọolbox.Itisespeciallyimportantthatyouspeakthelanguageoftheaudience.___40___Ifyouhavetouseforeignwords,explaintheminahandoutorfootnotewithinthepresentation.A.Theheadlinespeaksforitself.B.AjokeortwocankeeptheminterestedC.Toomuchinformationisworsethantoolittle.D.Trytorelaxandnotappeartoostressedornervous.E.However,howyoudeliverthatinformationisimportant.F.Youcanaddressparticipantsdirectlyandrefertotheirwork.G.