【课件】2025高考英语语法总复习-虚拟语气专题课件

日期：主讲人：高考英语语法总复习虚拟语气01虚拟语气在条件句中的运用虚拟语气把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”,而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。例如:MothertoldmetoputonmysweaterlestIshouldcatchcold.IwishIwereawhitecloud.但愿我是一片云。Ajudiciousmanwouldn’tdolikethat.一个明智的人是不会那样做的。Nottobemovedbythesightwouldrequireaheartofstone.除非铁石心肠,谁都会被那情景所感动。虚拟语气虚拟语气在条件句中的运用英语中的条件句一般有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句，虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中。非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句和错综时间条件句等。

一、虚拟条件句虚拟条件句可分为两类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况，一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。另外，还有一类用于推测将来的情况,也称作推测条件句。其构成列表如下(would有时可换用should,could或might)：条件从句结果从句与现在事实相反IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)+动词过去式(be动词的过去式一律用were)would/could/might/should+动词原形do与过去事实相反IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)had+过去分词donewould/could/might/should+have+过去分词done

与将来时间相反A式:一般过去式didB式:were+不定式to

do

C式:should+动词原形do

would/could/might/should+动词原形do虚拟语气在条件句中的运用●以下与现在事实相反Hewouldn’tfeelsocoldifhewereindoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。IamsorryIamverybusyjustnow.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou.我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，

我肯定陪你去看电影了。Iftheytreatedmeasaslave,Ihadtoresign.要是他们把我当作奴隶对待，我就要辞职。Ifwisheswerehorses,beggarsmightride.如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子们都有了坐骑。Ifitsandanswerepotsandpans,there’dbenoworkfortinkershand.任你想得溜溜圆，水中捞月空喜欢。虚拟语气在条件句中的运用●以下与过去事实相反Ifwehadn’t

madeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’t

have

beensosuccessful.如果我们不做充分的准备,会议是不会开得这么成功的。Thefloodmight

have

causedgreatdamagetothepeopleifwehadn’t

builtsomanyreservoirs.倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库,洪水就会使人民遭受巨大损失了。虚拟语气在条件句中的运用●以下推测将来Ifhewereherethisevening,wewouldplaycards.如果他今晚在这里的话，我们就玩牌。Ifshewere

to

marryJack,shewouldbehappy.如果她嫁给杰克,她会幸福的。IfIwere

to

dothework,Ishoulddoitinadifferentway.要是我做这项工作，我会以不同的方式去做。Ifitshouldrainagain,whatelsecouldIdo?要是再下雨的话，我还能做什么呢?Ifsheshouldknowit,shewouldtellme.如果她知道那件事，她会告诉我的。(ButIdoubt)Ifheshouldhaveenoughmoney,hewouldbuyit.要是他有足够钱的话，他会买下它的。(ButIdoubt)虚拟语气在条件句中的运用条件句中有were,had,should,could时,可以省略if,而把were,had,should,could放在主语前,用倒装结构。这种用法主要用于书面语中。例如:Wereitnecessary,Imightresign.如果需要的话,我可以辞职。Hadyouinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.要是你早些告诉我的话,我是不会签那份合同的。ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.我要是有时间就去看她。CouldyoumeetMary,youshouldnotbeabletorecognizeher.要是你见到玛丽的话,你也不会认出她了。Weretheytogetmarried,theywouldbehappy.要是他们结婚的话,他们会幸福的。Werehelivinghappily,Iwouldbeverymuchastonished.要是他生活幸福的话,我会大为吃惊的。NOTE虚拟语气在条件句中的运用二、错综时间条件句在错综时间条件句中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如:Had

ItakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow.如果我早上出门时带了伞,现在就不会淋湿了。(过去→现在)Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim,youwouldknowwhattodonow.如果你上次看到他时跟他说一下,现在就知道怎么做了。(过去→现在)Ifthecriminalwerehonest,hewould

have

madeacleanbreastofthewholethinglongago.要是这个罪犯(一贯)老实的话,他(过去)早该彻底交待他的罪行了。(现在→过去)Iftheyhad

lefthomeinearlymorning,theywould

arriveinhalfanhour.要是他们一大早就离开家的话,再过半个小时就该到了。(过去→将来)IfMaryshould

arrivetoday,shemust

have

startedthreedaysago.如果玛丽今天到达的话,那她一定在3天前就动身了。(将来→过去)虚拟语气在条件句中的运用三、无“条件”的虚拟语气句子这里的所谓无“条件”,指的是句子表层没有通常使用的if或Iwish等引起的表示条件的句子,但其深层结构或是上下文中还是有条件的。这种条件可以用介词、形容词、名词、代词、连词、动词、分词、不定式、定语从句或上下文等表示出来,用的是跳层或间接的方式。表示无“条件”的词有with,without,butfor,or,but,otherwise,even,incaseof,whatif(如果……将如何)等。这种句子往往是有主句而无从句。例如:

Butforyourhelpwecouldn’t

have

succeeded.要不是你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。Theywouldn’thavereachedtheagreementsoeasilywithoutthatcommonground.

没有共同立场,他们是不会那么容易达成协议的。Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.她感到不舒服,不然她不会那么早离开会场的。(连词,=or,orelse)Shesaidshewouldhavecometotheparty,onlyshehadanurgentmattertoattendto.(连词)虚拟语气在条件句中的运用四、含蓄条件句有些句子中,没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句,但仍要用虚拟语气。这时,要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分,要么隐含在上下文中,称为含蓄条件句。例如:Iwoulddoanythingforher.(ifIcould)Youmighthavefailed.(ifyoumadelessefforts)Sheshouldhavedied.(ifshehadtakenthatbus)Evenstoneswouldshedtears.(tohearthesadstory)Itwoulddoyounogood.(ifyoushouldgiveupthejob)注意but+表示条件的结构:would+动词原形do

+but(except)+现在时陈述句(陈述语气)→表示同现在事实相反的假设wouldhave+过去分词done

+but(except)+过去时陈述句(陈述语气)→表示同过去事实相反的假设02虚拟语气在其他某些从句中的运用虚拟语气在其他某些从句中的运用1.动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气与现在事实相反,用were或动词的过去式;与过去事实相反,用had+过去分词或would/could+have+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/should(could,might)+动词原形。例如:Iwishshewere(was)here.她在这儿就好了。(有时也用was)Iwishthemoonwere(was)shiningatthemoment.但愿此刻有月亮。Iwishyouwould

gowithustomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。Iwishshehad

takenmyadvice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。Sophiawishedshehadn’t

doneit.索菲娅希望她没做那件事。(后悔做了)IwishthatIhadneverseenher.但愿我从未见过她。(后悔见了)Iwishyouwouldn’tbesonervous.我希望你不要那么紧张。Hewishedshemightdobetternexttime.他希望她下次能做得更好。虚拟语气在其他某些从句中的运用2.ifonly和wouldthat后用虚拟语气谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望,用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望,常译为“要是……就好了”。例如:Ifonlyshehad

knownwheretofindyou.她要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。IfonlyIcould

speakseveralforeignlanguages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了!WouldthatIhad

seenherbeforeshedied.在她死前我能见她一面就好了。WouldthatIcouldfly.但愿我能飞翔。Ifonlyhewere(was)morecautious.他要是更谨慎些就好了。(有时可用was)WouldthatIwereyoungagain.但愿青春重在。wouldthat实际上是I(we)would的简化,Iwould相当于Iwish。例如:IwouldIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.Wewouldthatwehad

seen

throughhimearlier.虚拟语气在其他某些从句中的运用3.虚拟语气用在suggest,order,demand等后的宾语从句中在propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,promise,arrange,ask要求,move,consent,determine,recommend,advise,intend,beg,resolve

决意,argue,maintain主张,deserve

值得提及,prefer,decree裁决,vote

投票决定,urge,instruct,advocate,persuade,dictate

命令,agree

决定,pray

恳求,legislate

立法,sentence

判决,object

反对,expect

希望,direct

命令,appoint

命令,provide

规定,specify

指定,persist

坚持,permit

允许,petition

请愿,stipulate

规定等意念动词、祈使动词或态度动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should+动词原形。例如:Hedeterminedthatshe(would)goatonce.他决定她马上就去。Theyintendedthatthenews(should)be

suppressed.Ipreferthatyounot

eatthemeat.Sheinsistedthattheseats(should)be

bookedinadvance.她坚持要预定座位。Theyrequestedthathe(should)singasong.他们要求他唱支歌。Headvisedthatthedoctor(should)be

sentfor.他劝我们派人请医生。虚拟语气在其他某些从句中的运用4.虚拟语气用在advice,demand,order等名词后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中常用的这类名词有:advice,demand,order,necessity,resolution,pay,decision,proposal,requirement,suggestion,idea,recommendation,preference,request,plan,motion,desire,sentence等。这时,谓语用动词原形或should+动词原形。例如:Thedemandisthatmanuscripts(should)bewrittenononesideonly.按照要求,手稿单面誊写。Heissuedtheorderthatthetroops(should)withdrawatonce.他命令部队马上撤退。Wewillissuetheregulationthatthelibrary(should)beopenevenonSunday.Itismydesirethatallthemembersofthefamily(should)gatheronceayear.Theirdesirewasthatatreaty(should)be

signed.Thesentenceisthatthemurderer(should)beshot.虚拟语气在其他某些从句中的运用5.虚拟语气用在important,necessary等后的从句中形容词important,necessary,urgent,essential,appropriate,desirable,insistent,obligatory,vital,advisable,better,keen,preferable,fitting,right,good,proper,compulsory,careful,funny可笑的,pitiful可惜的,imperative迫切的,resolved决心的,eager热切的,anxious急切的,concerned关切的,ridiculous可笑的,unthinkable不可想象的,可以构成“Itis+形容词(名词)+that”,有些词要用于“Iam+形容词+that”句型,其后的句子要用虚拟语气,为(should)be型。例如:Itisnecessarythatsomeimmediateeffort(should)bemade.必须立即采取行动。Itisessentialthattheprogram(should)beloadedintocomputer.把程序输进计算机非常必要。Heiscarefulthatnobody(should)knowaboutthesecret.Shewasanxiousthatherdaughter(should)betakengoodcareof.虚拟语气在其他某些从句中的运用6.Itis(high,about)time...句型要求用虚拟语气这时,谓语动词用过去式,指现在或将来的情况,表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。例如:Itishightimethatwewereoff.是我们该走的时候了。Itistimethatwewenttobed.我们该就寝了。Itistimethatsomebodytaughtyoutobehaveyourself.这种结构中的过去式也可改为should+动词原形(用should时,不能将其省略),但不如用过去式普通。例如:Itisabouttimeweshouldgotobed.Itisquitetimesheshouldwashherclothes.Isupposeit’salmosttimewewere

leaving.(shouldbeleaving)上述两种形式均可用Itistimeforsb.todosth.代替。例如:Itisabouttimeforustogotobed.Itistimeforhertowashherclothes.

虚拟语气在其他某些从句中的运用7.在forfearthat,inorderthat,sothat,lest引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词一般用虚拟语气从句谓语动词用should(could,might)+动词原形。在以lest引导的从句中,谓语动词用should+动词原形,should有时可省。例如:Heremindedhertwiceofitlestsheshouldforget.他提醒了她两次,怕她忘记。Hekeptquietlesthe(should)disturbher.Shealwaysstudieshardlestshe(should)lagbehind.Iwillnotmakeanoiseforfear(that)Ishould(might)disturbyou.我不会做声的,以免打扰你。IdidthissothatImighthaveacoupleofweekstopreparemypaper.Ihavecomeallthewayhereinorderthatyoushouldunderstandme.虚拟语气在其他某些从句中的运用8.以asif(asthough)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,用had+过去分词;表示将来的可能性不大,用would(might,could)+动词原形。例如:Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.他谈起来好像全知道似的。Shelooksasthoughsheweresick.她看上去好像生病的样子。Hetalksaboutpyramidsasthoughhehad

seenthemhimself.他谈起金字塔来,就好像亲眼见过似的。Ifeel(felt)asifwehad

knowneachotherforyears.我感到好像我们已经认识多年了。Itlooksasifitmightrain.看上去好像要下雨。虚拟语气在其他某些从句中的运用9.wouldrather,wouldsooner,hadbetter,wouldassoon,justassoon后的句子用虚拟语气(1)接动词原形,指现在或将来时间,表示一种主观愿望或选择。例如