Unit1LaughoutloudUsinglanguage语法课件高中英语选择性

Non-definingattributiveclausesLearningobjectives1.

Recognize

theform,functionofnon-definingattributiveclausesbyobservingandanalyzing.2.Conclude

thedifferencesbetweennon-defininganddefiningattributiveclausesbyanalyzingandsummarizing.3.Use

non-definingattributiveclauses.Intheclass,wewillbeableto:

ReviewDrawamindmapofattributiveclauses.

物:

人:修饰名词或代词做定语的从句先行词+关系词+从句that,which,whosewho,whose,that,whomwhen,where,why只用which只用that

非限制？性MysisterwhoworksinShanghaisendsmeanemailalmosteveryday.既然需要限定，说明我的姐姐很多，除了在上海工作的姐姐，还有其他姐姐，删去后从句表意不明。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。（限制性定语从句）Mysister,whoworksinShanghai,sendsmean

emailalmosteveryday.既然不需要限定，说明我只有一个姐姐，删去从句后句意依然明确。我姐姐在上海工作，几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。（非限制性定语从句）一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别Activity2ObserveandanalyzeObserveandanalyzethesentences.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：1.形式和功能不同限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，从句对先行词的意义进行修饰、限定和识别，如果把从句去掉，句意就会发生变化，甚至不能成立；非限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间通常用逗号隔开，从句对先行词起补充说明的作用，如果把从句省略掉，对句意没有太大影响。Observeandanalyzethesentences.1.Whatdo“where”,“which”and“when”refertoineachsentence?2.Whichsentencecontainaclausewithessentialinformationandwhichwithextrainformation?3.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenaclausewithessentialinformationandtheonewithextrainformation?[thedifferencesbetween(c)and(a,b)]Ifweremoveit,thesentencedoesnotmakesense.Ifweremoveit,thesentencestillmakessense.Activity2ObserveandanalyzeSomethingthatisimportantshouldberemembered.ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.2.先行词：（限制性定语从句）先行词是名词先行词是代词Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isamoderncity.2.先行词：（非限制性定语从句）Infrontofsomanypeoplehewasnervous,whichwasunderstandable.

先行词是句子先行词是名词He,whoismybestfriend,alwayshelpsmewhenI’mintrouble.

先行词是代词2．先行词及其在从句中作的成分关系词先行词在从句中作的成分who人主语/宾语whom人宾语which物主语/宾语whose人/物定语that人/物主语/宾语when/where时间名词地点名词时间状语地点状语whyreason原因状语3.关系词2．先行词及其在从句中作的成分关系词先行词在从句中作的成分who人主语/宾语whom人宾语which物/整个主句主语/宾语whose(＝ofwhom/which)人/物定语as人/物/整个主句主语/宾语when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语3.关系词DeepthinkingObserveandanalyzethesentences.如何判断从句中缺少什么成分：找到先行词并把先行词带入从句。Iwalkthroughthedoorsintothewaitingarea.Thereisafamiliaratmosphereofboredomandtensioninthewaitingarea.关系代词和关系副词的选择【例句感知】◆Iboughtanovelyesterday，whichwaswrittenbyHanHan.(which在从句中作__________)◆Theboy，whosefatherisanengineer，studiesveryhard.(whose在从句中作_____)◆HewillputoffthepicnicuntilMay1st,whenhewillbefree.(when在从句中作_________)主语定语时间状语限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性非限制性形式上无逗号有逗号意义上去掉后主句意思不完整去掉后主句意思完整作用修饰限制补充说明先行词名词/代词名词/代词/整个句子关系词8个去that和why加上as翻译先译从句再译先行词，……的……译成两个并列分句“介词＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句由“介词十关系代词”引导时，

其中的关系代词只能用which或whom。介词的选择原则主要有：1．根据介词与动词的搭配关系◆Therearesomedetailsintheproject,aboutwhichthemanagercaresmuch.(careabout)经理非常关心这项工程里的一些细节。2．根据介词与形容词的搭配关系◆Iintroducedsomesubjectstoher,inwhichshemaybeinterested.(beinterestedin)我给她介绍了几个科目，她可能对它们感兴趣。3．根据介词与先行词的关系◆LastnightItookpartinapartyandlostmykey,withoutwhichIcan'topenthedoorofmydormitory.昨天晚上我参加聚会把钥匙丢了，没有钥匙我打不开宿舍的门。4．根据属于与被属于(或部分与整体)的关系◆Therestandsabuildingoverthere,theelevatorsofwhichoftengooutoforder.那里有一座楼，那座楼的电梯经常出故障。as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别as和which引导非限制性定语从句指代整个句子时，区别如下：【例句感知】◆Einstein,asweknow,isafamousscientist._______________，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。(as引导非限制性定语从句，指代__________)◆Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.昨天雨下得很大，这使我没去成公园。(which引导非限制性定语从句，指代______________________

)众所周知整个句子指代前句“Itrainedhardyesterday【领悟归纳】as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别as和which引导非限制性定语从句指代整个句子时，区别如下：项目aswhich位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后位于主句之中或之后意义正如，像这、那功能连接上下文，表达说话人的观点，并指出主句内容引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句

关系代词as关系代词which不同点位置位于句首，句中，句尾位于句中或句尾翻译“正如……”“这，那”相同点形式需要用逗号as和which引导的非限制性定从从句的区别Asisknowntoall,theearthrevolvesaroundthesun.

（as引导非限制性定语从句，强调已知的事实或普遍接受的观点）Thebookwaswrittenasshehadsuggested.

（as引导方式状语从句，强调动作的执行方式）as引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于下列一些固定结构中:（1）asisexpected不出所料

（2）asisreported正如所报道的（3）asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的（4）asisoftenthecase这是常有的事（5）asweallknow/asisknowntoall众所周知[即时演练2]]——单句语法填空(1)SevenpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfirethatbrokeoutonFriday,fourof______werebadlyinjured.(2)(2020·江苏卷)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline，_______whichstudentscanchooseforfree.(3)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_______whichthesailingtimewas226days.(4)(北京卷)Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmap________whichwewouldhavelostourway.(5)(天津卷)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from________effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(6)Tenyearsofhardworkchangedhergreatly,________whichhecouldhardlyrecognizeheratfirstsight.(7)(陕西卷)ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,________whichshewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.whomfromof

withoutwhoseforafter[即时演练3]——单句语法填空(1)______isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2)Hesawthegirl,______delightedhim.(3)_______ismentionedabove，thenumberofstudentsinhighschoolsisincreasing.(4)Taiwanis,______youknow，aninseparablepartofChina.AsAswhichas【巩固练习】语境即时活用，用适当的关系词填空Nat,___1.___wastenyearsold,livedinasmalltowninEngland.HealwaysstayedinEnglandforhisholidays,butonedayhedecidedtogotoSpain,____2.___allhisfriendslikedtogofortheirholidays.FirsthewenttoMadrid,____3.____istheSpanishcapital,andstayedinasmallhotel.Onthefirstmorning,hewentoutforawalk.InEngland,peopledriveontheleft.ButinSpain,theydriveontheright,___4____heforgot.Whilehewaswalkingalongabusystreet,abike____5.____

camebeforehim,knockedhimdown.Natwassenttothehospital,in___6____thegirl___7.____

rodethebikesaidsorrytohim.Aftertwodays,NatleftSpainandreturnedtoEngland.Hetoldhisfriendsthathewouldn’tforgetthedays__8.____hestayedinSpain.who

where

whichwhichwhich/that

which

who/thatwhen1.StPetersburg,_____isaverybeautifulcity,wasoncecalledLeningrad.2.YesterdayImetLiPing,________seemedtobeverybusy.3.HecametotheUnitedStatesin1914,_______WorldWarⅠbrokeout.4.Singapore,________Ihavelivedfortenyears,isaniceplace.5.TheQueenwillvisitthetowninMay,_________shewillopenthenewhospital.6.Beijing,________isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.7.ThisisNewYork,__________Ihavevisitedforseveraltimes.8.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,________greatlyupsetsme.9.Hewaslateagain,_______madetheteacherveryunhappy.10.Thefamousbasketballstar,____isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.whichwhowhenwherewhenwhichwhichwhichwhichwho11.Theyarealwayssmoking,_______,ofcourse,willdoharmtotheirhealth.12.Iboughtacaryesterday,________costmealot.13.Xi'an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.14.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_____hewon'tbesobusy.15.Theschool,______Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.16.Theshedinourgarden,________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.17.ShemarriedJoe,________surprisedeveryone.18.Theriver,________isnowcleanenoughtoswimin,waspollutedseveralyearsago.19.TaiwanbelongstoChina,________isknown.whichwhichwhichwhenwherewhichwhichwhichas1.Thingswillturnoutcontrarytoone'swishes,__________isoftenthecase.2.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,

eachof

usesitdifferently.3.Thecar,for___________Ipaidalotofmoney,isnowoutofdate.4.Isuggestyougotoaspecialist,from___________youcangetanswerstomostofyourquestions.5.Inthischapter,oneofourproblemsistodiscovertheprincipleson______thesetestsarebased.6.

isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.aswhichwhomwhichAswhich2Readthepassageandrewritethetipsusingnon-defining