语法复习代词+【知识精研】高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

高三语法总复习专题二代词目录CONTENTS考点1人称代词、物主代词和反身代词考点2不定代词考点3替代词和指示代词难点1it的用法难点2it构成的几个易混淆的句型难点3部分否定与全部否定

代词：代替名词的词语。目的是简化句子，使句意更加明确分类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，疑问代词，不定代词，相互代词，替代词，关系代词，连接代词

考点1

代词第一人称第二人称第三人称

单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey人称代词宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves

人称代词、物主代词和反身代词知识1人称代词（表示自身或人称的代词）

人称代词的句法功能。在句中,人称代词作不同的成分对应其不同的格:►Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto"gooutandgetsomefreshair."人们告诉我们"出去呼吸点新鲜空气",我们都是听着这些长大的。[2019全国Ⅰ](主格We作主语,宾格us作tell的宾语)

特别提醒（两个以上的人称代词并列，单数时“二三一”复数时“一二三”）

1.在Itis/was...that/who...强调句型中,若被强调部分是人称代词,作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格。►Itwaswethatmethimattheschoolgate.(主格we作主语)►Itwashimthatwemetattheschoolgate.(宾格him作宾语)2.句中没有谓语动词时,人称代词常用宾格。►—I'dliketogotoclimbthemountainthisweekend.—Me,too.3.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道谈论对象的性别时,常用it来表示。►Whatalovelybaby!Isitaboyoragirl?知识2物主代词物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。1.形容词性物主代词相当于形容词:置于名词之前,作定语,不可单独使用。►Thosepeoplearemyschoolmates.拓展延伸含形容词性物主代词的常用结构:1.形容词性物主代词+own(+名词)某人自己的(……)►Ihavemyownroom.►Ineedaroomofmyown.2.形容词性物主代词+v-ing,可作主语或宾语►Hisbeingillmadehismotherworried.2.名词性物主代词相当于"形容词性物主代词+名词":可单独使用(作主语、表语和宾语),也可用"of+名词性物主代词"结构作后置定语。►

Yourbikeisblack.Mine

isred.(=Mybikeisred.)►Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.MayIuseyours?(=MayIuseyourbike?)►Katewentonholidaywithacousinofhers.知识3反身代词1.反身代词可作宾语:常在enjoy,teach,hurt,behave,introduce(介绍)等动词后作动宾和by,for,to,in,of等介词后作介宾。►HeisteachinghimselfEnglish.►Shewastalkingtoherself.2.反身代词可作同位语:用于加强语气,强调"亲自,本人,亲身"。►Hehimselfwenttothebank.3.反身代词可作表语:常用于be,feel,look,seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态。►I'mnotmyselftoday.

（不舒服）

►Iamfeelingmyselfagain.（恢复体力）归纳总结

含有反身代词的常用短语1.介词+反身代词：byoneself单独,独自foroneself亲自,为自己inoneself本身,本来 tooneself独自拥有的,独享的2.动词+反身代词：enjoyoneself过得愉快 amuseoneself自娱seatoneself就座boastoneself自夸teachoneself自学 expressoneself表达自己behaveoneself举止得hideoneself自己藏dressoneself自己穿衣

apply/devoteoneselfto致力于

be/feeloneself处于正常状态helponeselfto随便吃/用loseoneselfin沉迷于makeyourselfathome不拘束adapt/adjustoneselfto使自己适应于考点2

不定代词

不定代词是高考考查的内容之一,考生一定要注意不定代词在具体语境中的用法。此外,大多数不定代词还可以作限定词(两者在用法上基本是相通的)。下面具体讲解一下常见的不定代词的用法。知识1either,both,neither,all,none,any

考点2

不定代词代词含义作主语时谓语动词的数两者either肯定单数（二者之一）both肯定复数（两者都）neither否定常用单数（两者都不）三者或更多all肯定与all指代的人或事物保持一致none否定用单、复数均可(常与of短语连用)none一个都没有any三者中任何一个any肯定

►Therearetwowaysleadingtothewoods.Eitherseems(=Bothseem)tobepassable.有两条路通往森林,任何一条/两条似乎都走得通。►Neitherofthetwocarsismine.这两辆汽车都不是我的。►Allofthefoodhasgone.所有食物都没了。►Noneofthemoneyismine.钱都不是我的。►Mr.Smithrefusedtoacceptanyofthethreesuggestions.史密斯先生拒绝接受三条建议中的任何一条。知识2theother,another,theothers,others

代词用法例句the

other特指两者中的另一个,常用在"one...theother..."结构中Ihavetwodaughters.Oneisadoctor,andtheotherisateacher.我有两个女儿,一个是医生,一个是教师。another指三者或三者以上中的"另一,再一"Igotanotherofthosecallsyesterday.昨天我又接了一个那样的电话。the

others相当于"theother+可数名词复数",特指其余全部的人或物Twoboyswillgotothezoo,andtheotherswillstayathome.两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。others相当于"other+可数名词复数",泛指别的人或物,常用在"some...others..."结构中Somestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom;othersareplayingontheplayground.一些学生在打扫教室,另一些在操场上玩。

特别提醒1.theother还可作定语修饰可数名词,修饰可数名词复数时,表示"其余全部的"。如:theotherbook另一本书

theotherbooks其余的书2.another也可作定语,后可跟"基数词/few(+可数名词复数)",表示"另外的……"。"another+基数词+可数名词复数"相当于"基数词+more+可数名词复数"。►IhavebeenherefortwoweeksandIwillstayhereforanotherthreeweeks(=threemoreweeks).知识3none,nobody/noone,nothing1.►—Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?你有多少钱?—None.一点也没有。►—Whoisintheroom?谁在屋里?—Noone/Nobody.没有人。►—Whatareyoudoingnow?你现在在做什么?—Nothing.什么也没有做。代词指代对象常用来提问的疑问词none人和物howmany,howmuchnobody/no

one人whonothing物what2.对"some/any/every+名词"进行全部否定的词是none;someone/somebody/everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody进行全部否定的词是nobody/noone;对something/anything/everything进行全部否定的词是nothing。►IfIhadsomemoney,Iwouldlendhim,butunfortunately,Ihavenone.如果我有些钱的话,我会借给他,但不幸的是,我一点钱也没有。

特别提醒1.none作主语时谓语动词的单复数►Wehadthreecatsonce—noneis/arealivenow.2.none可与of连用,作主语时谓语动词的单复数►Noneofthetelephonesis/areworking.知识4many,much,(a)few,(a)little

many,much,(a)few,(a)little既可作代词,又可作限定词,总结如下:含义替代或修饰名词复数替代或修饰不可数名词表示"多"manymuch表示"少"fewlittle表示"肯定"afewalittle表示"否定"fewlittle(注意:notalittle,quitealittle相当于much;notafew,quiteafew相当于many)many+可数名词much+不可数名词知识5some和any

some常用于肯定陈述句中,any则常用于否定句和疑问句。►Someofthemilkhasgonebad.►Ineedsomestamps.Arethereanyinyourbag?特别提醒

any还可用于肯定句,表示"任何一个"。►I'lltakeanyyoudon'twant.

拓展延伸

some和any均可作限定词,修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。1.some常用于肯定句,any常用于否定句和疑问句。►There'sstillsomewineinthebottle.►Arethereanymeat?Ididn'teatanymeat.2.some也可用于疑问句。若疑问句表示请求、建议或邀请,或期望得到对方肯定的答复,用some,不用any。►MayIaskyousomequestions?(请求)►Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?(邀请)【注意】some和any均可修饰可数名词单数。(1)"some+可数名词单数"表示"某一……"。►John,somestudentiswaitingforyoudownstairs.(2)"any+可数名词单数"表示"任何一个……"。►Takeanybookyoulike.知识6each1.each可直接作主语,也可接“of+名词复数”作主语,此时,谓语动词用单数。►Each(ofthestudents)hasadictionary.2.each可作同位语,放在主语(复数)后,谓语动词用复数。►Theyeachhaveadictionary.拓展延伸each还可作限定词,修饰可数名词单数,常与every进行区别辨析:►Therearelotsofflowersoneachsideoftheroad.路两边有许多花。►Sheknowseverystudentintheschool.她认识学校里的每一个学生。知识7复合不定代词1.常见的复合不定代词2.复合不定代词的基本用法(1)复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。►Everyoneknowsthis.(2)当形容词修饰复合不定代词时,形容词通常后置。►There'ssomethingwrongwiththeTV.某任何每个,所有没有人someonesomebodyanyoneanybodyeveryoneeverybodynoonenobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing

考点2

不定代词知识1替代词one,theone,that,it代词用法例句one替代上文出现的"同类"事物,但不是"同一"事物,泛指同类事物中的一个,所替代的名词必须是可数名词单数。表示复数时用ones。(a+n./人和物/前置定语)Heboughtseveralbooksandlentonetome.他买了几本书并借给了我一本。(one指abook)the

one替代前面提到的可数名词单数,且表特指。有时可用that替代(尤其是在有后置定语的情况下)。表示复数时用theones。Thebookonthedeskisbetterthantheoneunderthedesk.书桌上面的那本书比书桌下面的那本书好。

续表代词用法例句that替代上文出现的"同类"事物,所替代的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是不可数名词,其后常跟介词短语作后置定语。表示复数时用those。(the+n./指物、定语后置)TheweatherhereiscolderthanthatinHenan.这儿的天气比河南的天气冷。it替代上文出现的"同一"事物,被替代的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是不可数名词。表示复数时用them。Theweatheriscold.Idon'tlikeit.天气很冷,我不喜欢。(it指theweather)

8[2021江苏海安中学质量监测,58]InCanada,thetippingsituationisverysimilarto_______oftheUS.

9TheChinesehaveknownaboutthebenefitsofgreenteasinceancienttimes,andtheyuse_______totreatvariousdiseasessuchasheadachesanddepression.

解析

分析语境及句子结构,尤其是空后的介词短语oftheUS,可知此处用that替代前面提到的thetippingsituation,表示同类事物。故填that。解析句意:自古以来中国人就知道绿茶的好处,并用绿茶来治疗各种疾病,如头痛和抑郁症。此处指代的是前面提到的greentea,故用it。知识2指示代词this,that,these,those1.指代前面提到过的事物,常用that或those,起"承上"的作用;指代将要提及的事物,常用this或these,起"启下"的作用。►Hewasill.That'swhyhedidn'tcome.►Whatdoyouthinkofthis?Jackbrokemycamera,butherefusedtopayfortherepairs.(此句中this指代下文将要提到的事物,不能换成that)2.在打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来询问对方。►Hello.ThisisTom.Whoisthatspeaking?3.含有this,that的习惯用法。

知识3指示代词such和thesame

1.such指代如前所述的那样的人或事物。►SuchisAlbertEinstein,asimplemanwithgreatachievements.这就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦,一个简朴而又成就卓越的人。2.thesame指同样的人或事物。►Thesamehappenedonce.同样的事情曾经发生过。

难点1

it的用法1.it作形式主语it可以作形式主语,而把真正的主语后置。常用it作形式主语的句型有:(1)It+be+adj.+(forsb.)todosth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible等。►Itisnecessarytochangeyourjob.(2)Ittakes/tooksb.+一段时间+todosth.表示"做某事花费某人多长时间"。►Ittookushalfanhourtogettothetown.

(3)It+be+adj.+ofsb.todosth.此句型中的形容词通常描述人的性格、品质等。常用于该句型的形容词有:kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。►Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeelathome.(4)It+be+n.+(forsb./sth.)todosth.常用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity,shame,pleasure,fun,joy,good/badmanners等。►Itisbadmannersfortheyoungtotakeuptheseatsfortheold.(5)It+be+adj./n.+doingsth.常用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)有:useless,fun,no/littleuse,no/muchgood等。►It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。(覆水难收,悔恨无益。)(6)It+be+adj./n.+主语从句.在"Itisnecessary/important+that从句"中,从句的谓语常用"should+动词原形",且should可以省略。►It'snecessaryandimportantthatoneshouldmastertheskillsofoperatingcomputers.(7)It+be+过去分词+that从句.say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,intend,plan,understand,know,demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend等动词的过去分词常用于此句型。►Itisreportedthatanothersatellitehasbeeninorbit.特别提醒

在"It'ssuggested/advised/

ordered/

requested/

insisted(坚决要求)/required/demanded+that从句"中,从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语要用"should+动词原形",should可省略。

(8)Itmakesnodifference/doesn'tmatter+主语从句.►Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetheryougoornot.你去或不去对我来说无所谓。(9)Itseems/appears/happens+that从句.►Itseemedthatshehadmadesomemistakesinthedesignofthemachine.她好像在机器的设计上出了一些错误。2.it作形式宾语(1)当宾语是动词-ing、动词不定式或that从句,且其后有宾语补足语时,为了保持句子结构的平衡,通常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语置于句末。常用结构是:find/feel/think/believe/consider/make等+it+宾补+动词-ing/动词不定式/that从句。

►Ifeelithardtoclimbthemountain.►Wefindituselesswaitinghereallthetime.

(2)某些及物动词(短语)后不能直接跟从句。此时应先用it作形式宾语,然后接宾语从句。常用结构是:hate/like/appreciate/dependon等+it+从句。►Iwouldappreciateitifyoupaidincash.►Youmaydependonitthatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.3.it构成强调句(Itis/was…that/who…)►ItwasIthat/whotoldhimaboutit.是我告诉他这件事的。(it构成强调句型的具体用法详见"强调句型")

难点3

部分否定与全部否定1.noone,none,nobody,nothing以及"no+名词"等都表示全部否定。►Noneofuswasgoingtotheparty.我们当中没人打算去参加那个聚会。2.当not与不定代词all,both,everyone,everybody,everything等或"every+名词"连用时,不管not在它们之前还是之后,都表示部分否定。此外,not与总括性副词(如everywhere,always,wholly,altogether等)连用时也表示部分否定。►Notallofthemsmoke.=Allofthemdon'tsmoke.►Suchathingcan'tbefoundeverywhere.1.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourismhas______(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory.Itsuredoesin________(I).3．(2021·浙江高考)Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionof________(she),everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bestofluckwith________(yours)learningkungfuinChina.真题演练itsmineherself

your/you

真题演练5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)DiscovertheChinaof“pastages”，_______(it)walledcities,templesandmountainscenerywithProf.RobertThorp.6.(2022·全国乙卷)TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening

______

(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.7.visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine

(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor

walkingthrougharainforest.itsitstheir1.Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffice.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointment_________nextWednesdayafternoon.A.forB.onC.inD.at2.Bobthoughthecouldn'tgotothepartybecausehehadtowriteareport,buthewent___________.A.atfirstB.afterallC.aboveallD.atrandom3.China’ssoftpowergrows_______theincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.A.inlinewithB.inreplytoC.inreturnforD.inhonourof4.WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe_____treesthatareover1,000yearsold.A.amongB.againstC.behindD.below5.Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.________,weexpectstudentstowordhard.A.OnaverageB.AtbestC.inreturnD.AfterallABAAC6.Determiningwhereweare_______oursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.A.incontrasttoB.indefenseofC.infaceofD.inrelationto7.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving_______fishingindustry.A.atB.inC.onD.by8.Thedictionaryis______:manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.A.outofcontrolB.outofdateC.outofsightD.outofreach9.Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom____intheUK.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it10.Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.______,he'sreliable.A.OrelseB.InshortC.BythewayD.ForonethingDBBAB11.Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowup_______influencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseeworldaroundus.A.onB.inC.atD.about12.IhavealwaysenjoyedalltheeventsyouorganizedandIhopetoattend

inthecomingyears.A.littlemoreB.nomoreC.muchmoreD.manymore13.ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,but____knowsthedateforsure.A.everybodyB.nobodyC.anybodyD.somebody14.Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃____theaverage.A.belowB.onC.atD.above15.Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomes

animalsbothonlandandsea?A.aboutB.toC.withD.over

BBDBD16.Howwouldyoulike

ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?A.themB.oneC.thoseD.it17.Thesecommentscame

specificquestionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen.A.inmemoryofB.inresponsetoC.intouchwithD.inpossessionof18.—Who’sthatatthedoor?—

isthemilkman.A.HeB.ItC.ThisD.That19.IthinkMrs.Starkcouldbe_______between50and60yearsofage.A.anywhereB.anybodyC.anyhowD.anything20.Asmilecosts_______,butgivesmuch.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everythingCABBD21.Susanmade______cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.A.thatB.thisC.itD.her22.---WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?----___

.I’llbeinallday.A.AnyB.NoneC.NeitherD.Either23.She'dlivedinLondonandManchester,butsheliked______andmovedtoCambridge.A.bothB.neitherC.noneD.either24.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein

,knivesandforks.A.anotherB.othersC.bothD.all25.Wefeel______ourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one26.——Wouldyougetmeabarofchocolatefromthekitchen,dear?——______one?A.OtherB.EveryC.AnotherD.MoreACDBBC27.Sarahmade________totheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.A.herselfB.thisC.thatD.it28.Nomatterwhereheis,hemakes______aruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.A.himB.thisC.thatD.it29.New