专题14 阅读理解七选五-2020-2024年五年高考英语真题分类汇编（全国版）（解析版）

2020-2024年五年高考真题分类汇编PAGEPAGE1【好题汇编】五年（2020-2024）高考英语真题分类汇编（全国通用）解析版专题14阅读理解七选五考点五年考情（2020-2024）命题趋势考点1人与自我型七选五（5年9考）2024新课标I卷—使用英语词典体验;2024九省联考卷-初跑者常犯错误;2023新课标I卷—自我宽恕中成长；2023新课标II卷—开启艺术之旅建议；2023全国甲卷—培养耐心秘诀;2022新课标I卷—寻找健身小伙伴;2022新课标II卷—写文章修改文章建议；2022新课标II卷—提高阅读速度建议；2021北京卷—音乐对身体好处；2020北京卷—积极思维；2020浙江6月卷—养成生活好习惯；2020新课标卷—成功演讲小原则；2020全国I卷—自我接纳小建议。1.七选五的语篇类型以说明文为主，议论文和记叙文为辅。2.主题语境在“人与社会”、“人与自我”为主。词数一般为280-300词左右。题材贴近学生生活，主要考查学生的文意重建和逻辑思维能力。3.设空位置以段中句为主，占2-3空；兼顾段首句和段尾句。4.除了完整句子，有时还有残缺句，表现为主从复合句缺少主句，并列句缺少后半句。5.做题应注意根据挖空位置、前后逻辑关系、词语复现、代词呼应等方面做出判断。6.从文本特征、主旨大意、句际逻辑、语篇含义、作者观点等方面帮助学生逐步树立语篇意识，把握语篇结构，感悟作者的情感态度和价值取向。从语篇的微观和宏观两个角度，进一步提升理解语篇意义的能力。7.引导学生通过大量阅读外刊来拓展词汇量以及熟悉地道的英语表达习惯和写作思维。考点2人与社会型七选五（5年5考）2022浙江1月卷—充实生活建议;2022北京卷—健康与健身;2022全国甲卷—外出吃饭注意事项；2021全国甲卷—交换衣服派对;2021全国乙卷—晚会变得有趣些;2021浙江6月—创立网站促进交流；2020全国I卷—表情符号有助于职场;2020▪全国III卷—乔迁聚会安排。考点3人与自我型七选五（5年2考）2024新课标II卷—如何避免过度旅游；2023全国乙卷—室内种植绿植的学问；2020浙江1月卷-节约用水的意义。考点1人与自我型七选五【2024新课标I卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).36Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.37Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI’mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.38Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it’snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.39However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there’snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson’sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755.“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof“dull”.40Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A.Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon’twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon’talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【答案】36.F37.B38.E39.A40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。36.上文“Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。37.上文“Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI’mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。38.下文“Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。39.下文“However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there’snothingbetter.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。40.上文“

“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。【2024九省联考卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。CommonMistakesNewRunnersMakeRunningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(妨碍)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.36,keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.●DoingtoomuchtoosoonOneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine.37.●38Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit'simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.●Notwearingtherightequipment39,it'simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.Themostimportantpieceofequipmentforrunningisagoodpairofrunningshoes,sobesuretodosomeresearchbeforeyoupurchaseapair.Visitarunningspecialtystoreandaskanemployeetofityouforashoe.●Runningthroughpain40.Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain.Remember:Itdoesn'tmakeyoulessofarunnerifyoulistentoyourbodytokeepithealthy.A.NottakingrestdaysB.Ifyou'rejuststartingoutC.ComparingyourselftoothersD.RunningcanbeuncomfortableattimesE.It’simportantnottousethesamemusclesF.Whileitmaybetruethatyoudon'tneedexpensiveequipmenttotakeuprunningG.Expertssuggestincreasingyourrunningdistancebynomorethan10%eachweek【答案】36.B37.G38.A39.F40.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误。36.上文“Runningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(妨碍)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.(跑步是保持体形的好方法，几乎每个人都可以做到。然而，许多人会犯一些常见的错误，这些错误可能会干扰训练或导致受伤。)”指出跑步时有些人会犯一些常见的错误，这些错误可能会干扰训练或导致受伤，由本段标题“CommonMistakesNewRunnersMake(新跑步者常犯的错误)”可知，本文主要指出新跑步者会犯的错误，根据下文“keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.(记住这些事情可以帮助您增加跑步成功的机会。)”可知，空处是状语从句，B项“如果你刚刚开始”符合，是下文的条件，同时也符合主题，即如果你是新跑步者，本文的建议会帮助你增加成功跑步的机会，故选B。37.上文“Oneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine(新跑步者犯的最大错误之一就是跑得太多太快。慢慢地进入训练计划将有助于降低受伤风险，这样您就可以继续新的跑步习惯)”指出刚开始跑步的人会跑得太快，所以要慢慢进入训练，不要跑太多太快，G项“专家建议每周增加跑步距离不超过10%”符合，指出不要跑太多，故选G。38.此处是本段小标题，即新手跑步者常犯的错误之一，根据下文“Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit’simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.(初学者可能认为他们需要每天（或几乎每天）跑步才能达到健身或减肥目标，但这与事实相差甚远。跑步是一项高影响力的活动，对您的身体来说确实很困难。因此，在锻炼之间让身体休息很重要。)”可知，新手跑步者不休息，A项“没有休息日”符合，故选A。39.根据本段标题“Notwearingtherightequipment(没有佩戴合适的装备)”可知，本段主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误之一是没有佩戴合适的装备，下文“it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.(锻炼时正确穿着很重要)”强调跑步时正确穿着很重要，空处也应与“佩戴合适的装备”有关，F项“虽然你可能确实不需要昂贵的设备来开始跑步”符合，其中“equipment”呼应标题中的“therightequipment”，虽然你可能确实不需要昂贵的设备来开始跑步，但是锻炼时正确穿着很重要，故选F。40.下文“Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain(如果跑步时感到疼痛，则需要停下来治疗疼痛)”指出跑步时如果感到疼痛，应该停下来，这说明有时候跑步会让人感到疼痛，D项“跑步有时会感到不舒服”符合，引起下文，下文介绍了感到疼痛时该如何做，故选D。【2023新课标I卷】PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.16Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”17Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.18Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.19Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.20We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【答案】16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。16.根据空前内容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“dothis”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。17.根据空前内容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。18.根据上文内容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。19.根据空后内容“Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。20.根据空前内容“It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后内容“We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。【2023新课标II卷】Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately,thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idoremember,though,whatitwasliketobeacompletebeginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.▪Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.16You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.▪Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.17▪Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.18Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub；we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.▪19Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.20Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.A.Getoutofyourcomfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.D20.E【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。16.根据前文“Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.(从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.(你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.(不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。17.分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.(经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.(你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。18.分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.(不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.(艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Getoutofyourcomfortzone.(走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。19.分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.(寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.(如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。20.分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.(你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.(坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.(你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。【2023全国甲卷】TricksToBecomingAPatientPersonHere’sariddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommon?There’soneanswer.36.IntheDigitalAge,we’reusedtohavingwhatweneedimmediatelyandrightatourfingertips.However,researchsuggeststhatifwepracticedpatience,we’dbeawholelotbetteroff.Hereareseveraltricks.●Practicegratitude(感激)Thankfulnesshasalotofbenefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmoreoptimistic.37.“Showingthankfulnesscanfosterself-control,”saidYeLi,researcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.●MakeyourselfwaitInstantgratification(满足)mayseemlikethemost“feelgood”optionatthetime,butpsychologyresearchsuggestswaitingforthingsactuallymakesushappierinthelongrun.Andtheonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice.38.Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.You’llsoonfindthatthemorepatienceyoupractice,themoreyoustarttoapplyittoother,moreannoyingsituations.●39.Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“40.”You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.A.FindyourcausesB.StartwithsmalltasksC.AccepttheuncomfortableD.AllthisaddsuptoastateofhurryE.ItcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatienceF.Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerableG.They’reallsituationswherewecouldusealittleextrapatience【答案】36.G37.E38.B39.C40.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。36.根据上文“Here’sariddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommon?There’soneanswer.(这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。37.根据上文“Thankfulnesshasalotofbenefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmoreoptimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showingthankfulnesscanfosterself-control,”saidYeLi,researcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.(加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。38.根据上文“Andtheonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice.(我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.(把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。39.根据本段内容“Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。40.根据上文“Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself(你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.(然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。【2022新课标I卷】FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”Onereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”whileanotherread:“36”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.37Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon’tresultinausefulresponse.38Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.39Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.40Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.【答案】36.C37.D38.B39.G40.F【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。36.C。根据前文“FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartne.”Onereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。37.D。根据前文“Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.(首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?(你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。38.B。根据前文“Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butprobablywon'tresultinausefulresponse.(你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.(锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。39.G。根据前文“Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.(我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.(任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。40.F。根据前文“Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.(你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit--yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.(接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。【2022新课标II卷】Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.However,theprocesscanbemadeeasierifyoulearntopracticethreesimpletechniques.36Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree.37Don’tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechniquewon’tworkforeveryone,ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.38Yet,bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皱)paper.Thinkofyourfirstdraftasapathcutoutofthejungle—aspartofanexploration,notasacompletehighway.Thethirdtechniqueistotryprintingoutatriple—spaced(三倍行距)copytoallowspaceforrevision.39Asaresult,thesewritersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunks(大块)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.Afteryouhaverevisedyourdraftuntilitistoomessytoworkfromanymore,youcanenteryourchangesintoyourwordprocessor.40Theresultingblankspaceinvitesyoutorevise.A.Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.B.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.C.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.D.Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.E.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.F.Manybeginningwritersdon’tleaveenoughspacetorevise.G.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.【答案】36.D37.B38.E39.F40.G【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。36.D。空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.(当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.(首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。37.B。空前说“Staylooseandfree.(保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.(不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.(让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。38.E。空前说“Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.(下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet,bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皱)paper.(然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“gettheirdrafts”和上文的“writeyourdraft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。39.F。空前说“Thethirdtechniqueistotryprintingoutatriple—spaced(三倍行距)copytoallowspaceforrevision.(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Manybeginningwritersdon’tleaveenoughspacetorevise.(许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Manybeginningwriters”和后文的“thesewriters”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。40.G。空前说“Afteryouhaverevisedyourdraftuntilitistoomessytoworkfromanymore,youcanenteryourchangesintoyourwordprocessor.(当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字