中考英语二轮复习《第5讲形容词副词介词》讲义

形容词、副词、介词;;【知识点睛】;;一、形容词,,,,重点1：形容词比较等级比较对象形容词形式常见句型原级两者原形__________________________________________________________________________________比较级两者形容词er____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________修饰语：__________________________________________________________________________最高级三者及以上形容词est____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________修饰语：__________________________________________________________________________重点2：ing形容词和ed形容词;;surprising interesting exciting pleasing frighteningsurprised interested excited pleased frightened 令人感动的：______________________(令人)疲倦的：_________________________有极大吸引力的；迷人的：________________________ing形容词：表主动意义，多指事物(人)对人的影响，一般修饰物ed形容词：表被动意义，多为人的感受，一般修饰人难点1：形容词比较级别的转换(句子转换)LiLeiisthetalleststudentinhisclass. ______________________inhisclass.______________________inhisclass.=LiLeiistallerthan anyoneelseinhisclass. anyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.therestofthestudentsinhisclass.=NooneisastallasLiLeiinhisclass.=NooneistallerthanLiLeiinhisclass.难点2：多个形容词的排序问题(了解)口诀：限观形龄颜国材（县官行令宴国才）规则：限定词，包括冠词、指示代词、形物代、名词所有格、数词(观点)描绘性形容词，如beautiful，fine，interesting等表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词，如tall,high,small,little,round等表示年龄、新旧的形容词，如young,old,new等表示颜色的形容词，如black,white,blue等表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示构成材料的形容词e.g.两个圆形蓝色塑料盘：_______________________________两张新的中国式木制大圆桌：_____________________________二、副词难点1：兼有两种形式的副词close ___________ Heissittingclosetome.closely ___________ Watchhimclosely.late ___________ Youhavecometoolate.lately ___________ Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?deep ___________ Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.deeply ___________ Iwasdeeplymovedbythemovingfilm.high ___________ Theplanewasflyinghigh.highly ___________ Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.wide ___________ Heopenedthedoorwide. widely ___________ Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.free ___________ Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurant.freely ___________ Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.三、介词及介词短语（一）重点介词辨析时间介词in,on,at一般特殊at+时间点atnoon/night/dawnon+日期/星期具体的某天早上中午晚上in+世纪，年代，年，季节，月inthemorning/evening/afternoon方位介词in,on,to ________ ________ ________地点介词in___________,at__________,on____________方位介词两“中间”among between方位介词两前两后方位介词两“通过”across through方位介词三上三下方式介词：with,without,by,but,except,besides,exceptfor等（二）to作为介词时的常考短语lookforwardto________(do)sth.payattentionto________(do)sth.devoteoneselfto________(do)sth.be/become/getusedto________(do)sth.makeacontributionto________(do)sth.preferdoingto________(do)sth.（三）动介短语VS动副短语动副短语中代词作宾语时必须放在动词后副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词的前后均可。初中常考动（副）介短语到达：arrive_______ 闯入：break________ 担心：worry________请求；要求：ask________ 和……意见一致：agree______ 拜访；访问：call_______ 担心；关心：care_______顺便来访：come_______ 赶上；追上：catch___________ lookat pointat laughat knockat/ondependon insiston geton/off falloff comeupwith dealwith talkwith/to pointto speakto getto happento listento replytolearnabout talkabout thinkabout knowabout dreamabout/of thinkofknockinto fallinto getin dropin/by gobypayfor lookfor waitfor lookafter gothrough learnfrom looklike初中常考动副短语使高兴：cheer_______ 分发：give_______ 出故障：break_______浏览：look________ 脱下：take_______ 爆发：break________快点：come________ 回来：come________ 出版：come________叫醒某人：wake________ 用光：use________ bringout cleanout pickout handout putout sendout takeout findout hangout pointout sellout sendup hangup makeup showup standup stayup wakeup cleanup pickup giveup putup setup turnup dressup getup goup growup cutdown putdown takedown godown falldown liedown puton tryon feedon goon handon holdon keepon putoffturnoff gooff showoff setoff runoff putaway sendaway takeaway goaway giveback getback putback goback payback thinkover getover goover lookoverhandin givein 【精讲精练】一、单选MyfamilyandIhada(n)______tripinTaiwanbecauseofthetyphoonandrainstorm.A.suitable B.impatient C.unpleasant D.comfortableItwassuchan______jokethateveryonefelt______.A.embarrassed;embarrassing B.embarrassed;embarrassedC.embarrassing;embarrassing D.embarrassing;embarrassedIsthisaphotoofyourdaughter?Shelooks______inthepinkdress!A.lovely B.quietly C.politely D.happily—George,howcanyouprovetheearthisround?—Ican’t,sir._______,Ineversaiditwas.A.Then B.However C.Besides D.Instead—Doyoulikethewesternfood,LiHua?—No,Ithinkthefoodofourcountryis______thatofwesterncountries.A.asdeliciousas B.lessdeliciousthan C.notasdeliciousas D.muchmoredeliciousthan—Thestuntmanisplanningtowalkonthewingsofaflyingplane.—What?!I’veneverheardof______ideabefore.A.acrazier B.thecrazier C.acraziest D.thecraziestIknowyouareshorterthanyourbrothers,butyourun______.A.morefaster B.fastest C.morefast D.fastWewillneverforgetwhathappened______theafternoonofMay12,2008.A.in B.by C.at D.onThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney_____me.A.by B.for C.in D.withTired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisback______abigtree.A.in B.below C.beside D.against—Whendidyoulasthear______Jay?—Hephonedmethismorning,andweagreed_______atimeandplacetomeet.A.of;to B.about;with C.from;with D.from;onAttimesanadcanleadyoutobuysomethingyoudon’tneedatall.Soyouhavetobecareful.请选出与划线部分同义的选项。A.Sometime B.Sometimes C.Sometime D.SometimesAttherailwaystation,themotherwavedgoodbyetoherdaughteruntilthetrainwas_______.A.outofsight B.outofreach C.outoforder D.outofplaceWhyareyousoanxious?Itisn’tyourproblem_______.A.onpurpose B.inall C.ontime D.afterallThatwomanwillquarrel______everybody______anything.A.about;about B.about;with C.with;about D.with;with二、根据句意，用适当的介词填空Herearesomeflowers_______you_______ourbestwishes.Wecan’tlive_______waterorair.Japanis______theeastofChina.三、根据提示填空Ithinkthisproblemismuch_____________(easy)thanthatone.Heisa(an)_____________(honest)boysoweseldombelievewhathesays.Whatshouldwedotohelpthe_____________(home)peopleaftertheearthquake?Danieldidtheexercisestoo_____________(粗心),anditmadehisteacherveryangry.Finallywe_______________________(想出)anidea.___________________(越忙)heis,___________________(越高兴)hefeels.Shanghaiis__________________________________(最现代的城市之一)inChina.【参考答案】【知识点睛】一、形容词 排序：限观形龄颜国材好美小高状其新，颜色国料用途亲美小圆旧黄，法国木书房 功能：作表语、作定语、作宾语补足语重点1：形容词比较等级 原级常见句型： as+adj./adv.(原级)+as notas/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as 比较级常见句型： 比较级+than Which/Whois+形容词(比较级)，A+or+B？ 比and比 the比，the比修饰语：any/no/much/many/very/alot/lots/agreatdeal/rather/times/far/alittle/abit/even/still等 最高级常见句型： 最高级+of/in+范围 oneof+最高级+名词 the+序数词+最高级+名词 最高级+定语从句 修饰语：(by)far/much/nearly/almost/notquite/bynomeans/very/second/next等重点2：ing形容词和ed形容词 令人感动的：moving疲倦的：tired有极大吸引力的；迷人的：fascinating难点1：形容词比较级别的转换（句子转换） anyotherstudent theotherstudents难点2：多个形容词的排序问题（了解） 两个圆形蓝色塑料盘：tworoundblueplasticplates 两张新的中国式木制大圆桌：twobigroundnewChinesewoodentables二、副词 动词；形容词；状语难点1：兼有两种形式