2022-2023学年度下学期高三一模英语试题

2022-2023学年度下学期高三一模英语试题

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题分，满分分）

阅读下列短文。从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

WelcometoNorway

DAY1:WelcometoBergen!Uponarrivalmeetyourdriverandtraveltothecity'scenterwhereyoucandrop

yourluggageattheGrandTerminusHotelandenjoyawalkingtourofthecity.Oncebackatthehotelyou'llhavea

talkfromRowanHooper,whowillexplorewhytheArcticisimportanttothewell-beingoftheplanet.

DAY2:Thismorningyou'llgoona3-hourroundtripfromBergentoMoslraumen.WhenyoureturntoBergen

you'llhavetimeforlunchbeforevisitingtheVilviteScienceCenter.Afterdinner,you'llhaveasecondtalkfrom

Rowanonhowwecouldgrowthewhalepopulationtorebuildmarineecosystems.

DAY3:Today,youwilltransfertotheairportfbryourflighttoTromso.Uponarrival,you'lltakeafastferry

（轮渡）toSenjaIsland,wheretheAuroraBorealisObservatoryisyourhoneforthenight.Intheevening,astronomer

AbigailBeallwillholdatalkonthesciencebehindtheNorthernLightsbeforeyouhavetheopportunitytosearch

fortheNorthernLightsyourself.

DAY4:ReturnbyferrytoTromso,whereyou'llexploretheNorthernNorweganScienceCenter.Thecenteris

apopularscienceexperiencecentercontainingalmost100interactiveinstallations,dividedintofourthemesonthree

floors.

DAY5:Todayyou'llstartafull-dayfjordtripbyboat.Asyoupassthroughthefrozencoastline,you'llgetan

opportunitytolookforseaeagles,sealsandwhales.Recently,hundredsofhumpbackandkillerwhalesvisitthe

northernfjords,andyourboat'sexpertcrewwillhelpyouspotthem.

DAY6:Thismorningyou*11enjoyaguidedtourofthedogyardwhereyoucanlearnabouttheAlaskanhusky

dog,anddogsledracing.Afterward,you'llbetransferredtotheairportintheafternoonforyourflighthome.

1.WhatisRowanHooper'sjob?

A.Anastronomer.B.Aguide.C.Anecologist.D.Adriver.

2.WherewillyouseetheNorthernLights?

A.Bergen.B.Mostraumen.C.Tromso.D.SenjaIsland.

3.Onwhichdaywillyouprobablyseesomewhales?

A.Day3.B.Day4.C.Day5.D.Day6.

【答案】l.C2.D3.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了到挪威游览的行程安排。

【1题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“Oncebackatthehotelyou'llhaveatalkfromRowanHooper,whowillexplorewhy

theArcticisimportanttothewell-beingoftheplanet.（回到酒店后，您将与罗恩•胡珀交谈，他将探讨为什么

北极对地球福祉是重要的）”可知，罗恩・胡珀探索北极对地球福祉的重要性，推测他是一位生态学家。故

选C。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“Uponarrival,you'lltakeafastferrytoSenjaIsland,wheretheAuroraBorealis

Observatoryisyourhonefbrthenight.Intheevening,astronomerAbigailBeallwillholdatalkonthescience

behindtheNorthernLightsbeforeyouhavetheopportunitytosearchfortheNorthernLightsyourself.（抵达后，

您将乘坐快速渡轮前往塞纳岛，在那里，北极光天文台是您的夜间之选。晚上，天文学家阿比盖尔・比尔

将在你有机会亲自寻找北极光之前，就北极光背后的科学进行一次演讲）”可知，你将在塞纳岛看到北极

光。故选D。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据DAY5中aAsyoupassthroughthefrozencoastline,you'llgetanopportunitytolookfbrsea

eagles,sealsandwhales.（当你穿过冰冻的海岸线时，你将有机会寻找海雕、海豹和鲸鱼）”可知，在第五

天，你可能会看到鲸鱼。故选C。

B

MyqueststartedwhenIwasontheNewYorksubway.Somechildrenwerewhining.Fourtrainscamescreaming

intothestationatonce.Iputmyhandsovermycarsandcowered（蜷缩）一thenciscwasdeafening.Incities,the

ever-presentdullbackgroundroarofplanes,cars,machineryandvoicesisafactoflife.Thereisnoescapefromit

anditwasbeginningtodrivememad.

Inanattempttorecapturesomepeace,IdecidedtogoonamissiontofindthequietestplaceonEarthtodiscover

whetherabsolutesilenceexists.TheoneplaceIwasmostexcitedaboutvisitingwasananechoicchamber（消声室）

inMinnesota.

Ironically,farfrombeingpeaceful,mostpeoplefinditsperfectquietupsetting.AndyetIbookeda45-minute

session—noonehadmanagedtostayinfbrthatlongbefore.Whentheheavydoorshutbehindme,Iwasplunged

intodarkness—alllightswereturnedoffbecausetheycouldalsomakeanoise.

Forthefirstfewseconds,beinginsuchaquietplacefeltlikeheaven,aremedyformyunsettlednerves.Then,

afteraminuteortwo,Ibecameawareofthesoundofmybreathing.Astheminutestickedby,thebeatofmyheart

becameapparent.ThenIheardastrange,metallicscrapingnoise.WasIhallucinating?Thefeelingofpeacewas

spoiledbyasensationofdisappointment—thisplacewasn'tquietatall.

ThenIstoppedobsessingaboutwhatbodilyfunctionsIcouldhearandbegantoenjoyit.Ididn'tfeelafraidand

cameoutonlybecausemytimewasup.EveryonewasimpressedthatI'dbeatentherecord,buthavingspentsolong

searchingforquiet,Iwascomfortablewiththefeelingofabsolutestillness.Afterward,Ifeltwonderfullyrestedand

calm.

Mydesireforsilencechangedmylife.Ifoundmakingspaceformomentsofquietinmydayisthekeyto

happiness.Ifyoucanoccasionallybecomemasterofyourownsoundenvironment—fromturningoffthephoneto

takingatriptothecountrysideyou'llbecomealotmoreacceptingofthenoisesofeverydaylife.

4.Whatpushedtheauthortoseekachange?

A.Theannoyingkids.B.Loudchatsinstations.

C.Theroarofsubway.D.Endlessnoisesindailylife.

5.WhydidtheauthorpicktheanechoicchamberinMinnesota?

A.Itmightgiveperfectsilence.B.Itlaunchedatimechallenge.

C.Itofferedprofessionalguidance.D.Itwastheonlyoneofitskind.

6.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasintheanechoicchamber?

A.Hestartedtalkingtohimself.B.Heheardsoundsfromtheoutside.

C.Hemadesomementaladjustments.D.Hefeltscaredinthefirstfewminutes.

7.Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey?

A.Noisesstopusfrommakingprogress.B.Momentsofinnerquietbetterourlives.

C.Weshouldbravelyovercomeourfears.D.Astateofpeaceandcalmishardtoattain.

【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者逃避噪音，寻求安静的过程，告诉读者内心平静的时刻使人们

的生活更美好。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“Incities,theever-presentdullbackgroundroarofplanes,cars,machineryandvoices

isafactoflife.Thereisnoescapefromitanditwasbeginningtodrivememad.（在城市里，无处不在的飞机、汽

车、机器和人声的沉闷轰鸣声是生活的现实。它无处可逃，快要把我逼疯了）”可知，是日常生活中无休止

的噪音促使作者寻求改变。故选D项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Inanattempttorecapturesomepeace,Idecidedtogoonamissiontofindthequietest

placeonEarthtodiscoverwhetherabsolutesilenceexists.TheoneplaceIwasmostexcitedaboutvisitingwasan

anechoicchambei'（消声室）inMinnesota.（为了重新获得一些平静，我决定去执行一项任务，找到地球上最安

静的地方，看看绝对的安静是否存在。最让我兴奋的地方是明尼苏达州的一个消声室）”可知，因为明尼苏

达州的消声室可能会带来完美的安静，作者选择了它。故选A项。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ThenIstoppedobsessingaboutwhatbodilyfunctionsIcouldhearandbegan

t。enjoyil.（然后，我不再纠结于我能听到什么这项身体功能，我开始享受它）”可知，在消声室里作者做了

一些心理调整。故选C项。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Ifoundmakingspaceformomentsofquietinmydayisthekeytohappiness.If

youcanoccasionallybecomemasterofyourownsoundenvironment—fromturningoffthephonetotakingatripto

thecountryside,you'llbecomealotmoreacceptingofthenoisesofeverydaylife.（我发现在每天的生活中为安静

的时刻留出空间是幸福的关键。如果你偶尔能成为自己声音环境的主人一一从关掉手机到去乡下旅行，你会

变得更能接受日常生活中的噪音）”可知，本文传达了内心平静的时刻让我们的生活更好的信息。故选B项。

C

Mosquitofishmaylooksmall,buttheseinvasivefishareathreat.Outsideoftheirrange,theydefeatother

freshwatercreatures,likefishesandtadpoles,andfeastontheireggs.Sincetheyhavefewnaturalpredators（捕食

者）,theirpopulationgoesuncheckedastheycausedamagetonativewildlife.

Fortunately,scientistshavenowinventedanewtoolmeanttoiniimidalemoscuitofish:aroboticfish."Instead

ofkillingthemonebyone,we'representinganapproachthatcaninformbetterstrategiestocontrolthem,^^said

GiovanniPolverino,abiologistattheUniversityofWesternAustralia.4tWemadetheirworstnightmarebecomereal:

arobotthatscaresthemosquitofishbutnottheotheranimalsaroundit.”

Therobot,whichresemblesalargemouihbass,oneofthemosquitofish'snaturalpredators,wasequippedwith

acameratorecognizemosquitofishandtadpoles.Theresearcherssetup12tankswithsixmosquitofishandsix

tadpolesineachoneandallowedthecreaturestoadaptforaweekbeforemeetingtherobot.Foronehourtwicea

weekforfiveweeks,eachgroupwasplacedinatankwiththerobot.

Intheroboticfish'spresence,themosquitofishspentmoretimegettingtogether,andtheirswimmingbecame

moreunstable.Withthemosquitofishanxiousandscared,thetadpolesventuredoutmore.Theseeffectsevenlasted

fbrweeksafterthefinalmeetwith(herobot.Whenthecreaturesreturnedtotheirtanks,themosquitofishswamata

lowerspeedanddidn'teatasmuch,whicharesignsofanxiety.Nochange,ontheotherhand,canbedetectedon

tadpoles.

What'smore,themosquitofishspentsomuchenergylivinginterrorthattheylostweight.Males'bodyshapes

alsochangedtobecomemorestreamlined,likelysotheycanescapemorequicklyv/henthey'rescared.

Thoughthestudyshowedpromisingresults,theserobotscan'tbereleasedintothewateryet.Theteamstill

needstounderstandthelong-termimpactsonotherwildlifeanddownstreameffectsontheecosystemasawhole.

ButPolverinosaystheyachieved(heirmaingoal:toprovefearcanaffectthesurvivalofmosquitofish.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidate”meaninparagraph2?

A.Poison.B.Attract.C.Frighten.D.Recognize.

9.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment?

A.Bycomparingbehaviorsoftwospecies.

B.Byinterviewingtheinventoroftherobot.

C.Bycollectingdatafrompreviousstudies.

D.Byobservingthelifecycleofmosquitofish.

10.Whatwasthechangeofthemosquitofish?

A.Theybecamestronger.B.Theywerelessactive.

C.Theystartedattackingeasily.D.Theyshowedlittlechange.

11.WhatisPolverino,sattitudetowardstheroboticfish?

A.Approving.B.Disappointed.

C.Objective.D.Skeptical.

【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了微小的食蚊鱼威胁其他淡水生物的生存，科学家利用机器鱼使食蚊鱼

恐慌，从而减少食蚊鱼带来的威胁，促进水域的生态平衡。

【8题详解】

词句猜测题。由第二段中的“Fortunately,scientistshavenowinventedanewtoolmeanttointimidate

mosquitofish:aroboticfish.(幸运的是，科学家们现在发明了一种用来intimidate食蚊鱼的新工具:机器

鱼)”和“Wcmadetheirworstnightmarebecomereal:arobotthatscaresthemosquitofishbutnottheother

animalsaround”.（我们让食蚊鱼最可怕的噩梦变成了现实：一条机器鱼，它会吓到食蚊鱼，但不会吓到周

围的其他动物）”可知，机器鱼可以吓到食蚊鱼，但不会吓到它周围的其他动物。由此可推知，科学家发明

了一种机器鱼使食蚊鱼恐慌，故intimidate与frighten（使惊恐）意思相近。故选C项。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。由第三段中“Theresearcherssetup12tankswithsixmosquitofishandsixtadpolesineachone

andallowedthecreaturestoadaptforaweekbeforemeetingtherobot.Foronehourtwiceaweekforfiveweeks,

eachgroupwasplacedinatankwiththerobot.（研究人员设置了12个水槽，每个水槽中有6条食蚊鱼和6只

蝌蚪，并让这些动物适应一周，然后再与机器鱼见面。在五周内，每周两次，每次一小时，每组与机器鱼

一起被放置在一个水箱中）”和第四段“Intheroboticfish'spresence,themosquitofishspentmoretimegetting

together,andtheirswimmingbecamemoreunstable.Withthemosquitofishanxiousandscared,thetadpoles

venturedoutmore.Theseeffectsevenlastedforweeksafterthefinalmeetwiththerobot.Whenthecreatures

returnedtotheirtanks,themosquitofishswamatalowerspeedanddidn'teatasmuch,whicharesignsofanxiety.

Nochange,ontheotherhand,canbedetectedontadpoles.（在机器鱼的存在下，食蚊鱼花了更多的时间聚在一

起，它们的游泳变得更加不稳定。随着食蚊鱼的焦虑和恐惧，蝌蚪们更大胆地出去了。在与机器鱼的最后

一次会面后，这些影响甚至持续了数周。当这些生物回到它们的水箱时，食蚊鱼以较低的速度游动，没有

吃那么多，这是焦虑的迹象。另一方面，蝌蚪身上没有变化）”可知，研究人员通过比较两个物种（食蚊鱼

和蝌蚪）面对机器鱼时产生的行为来进行实验。故选A项。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。由第四段中的"Whenthecreaturesreturnedtotheirtanks,themosquitofishswamatalowerspeed

anddidn'teatasmuch,whicharesignsofanxiety.（当这些生物回到它们的水箱时，食蚊鱼以较低的速度游

动，没有吃那么多，这是焦虑的迹象）”可知，机器鱼实验结束后，食蚊鱼游得慢，变得不太活跃。故选B

项。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。由第二段中的“"Insteadofkillingthemonebyone,wc'rcpresentinganapproachthatcaninform

betterstrategiestocontrolthem,“saidGiovanniPolverino,abiologistattheUniversityofWesternAustralia.44We

madetheirworstnightmarebecomereal:arobotthatscaresthemosquitofishbutnottheotheranimalsaround

it.”（西澳大利亚大学生物学家GiovanniPolverin。说：“我们不是一个一个地杀死它们，而是提出了一种方

法，可以为控制它们提供更好的策略。”“我们让它们最可怕的噩梦变成了现实：一条机器鱼，它会吓到

食蚊鱼，但不会吓到周围的其他动物。“和最后一段中的"ButPolverinosaystheyachievedtheirmain

goal:toprovefearcanaffectthesurvivalofmosquitofish.（fnPolverino表示，他们实现了主要目标：证明恐惧

会影响食蚊鱼的生存）”可知，Polverino对机器鱼持赞成态度。故选A项。

D

Likemanywriters,Fmasupremeexpertatprocrastination（拖延症）.WhenIoughttobeworkingonan

assignment,withtheclocktickingtowardsmydeadline,Tilsittherewatchingpointlessinterviewsorcatvideoson

YouTube.

Accordingtotraditionalthinking—I,alongwithmyfellowprocrastinators,haveatimemanagementproblem.

Bythisview,Ihaven'tfullyappreciatedhowlongmyassignmentisgoingtotakeandI'mnotpayingenoughattention

tohowmuchtimeI'mcurrentlywastingonvideos.Withbetterscheduling,Iwillstopprocrastinatingandgetonwith

mywork.

Increasingly,however,psychologistsarerealizingthisiswrong.ExpertsintheUKhaveproposedthat

procrastinationisanissuewithmanagingouremotions,notourtime.Thetaskwe'reputtingoffismakingusfeel

bad—perhapsit'sboring,toodifficultorwe'reworriedaboutfailing-andtomakeourselvesfeelbetterinthe

moment,westartdoingsomethingelse,likewatchingvideos.

OneinvestigationtoinspiretheemotionalviewofprocrastinationwaspublishedbyresearchersatCaseWestern

ReserveUniversity.Theyfirstpromptedpeopletofecibad(byaskingthemtoreadsadstories)andshowedthatthis

increasedtheirtendencytoprocrastinatebydoingpuzzlesorplayingvideogamesinsteadofpreparingforthetest

theyknewwascoming.Subsequentstudiesbytheanotherteamalsoshowedlowmoodonlyincreasesprocrastination

ifenjoyableactivitiesareavailableasadistraction.

Thisfreshperspectiveonprocrastinationisbeginningtoopenupexcitingnewapproachestoreducingthehabit.

Anapproach,whichisbasedonAcceptanceandCommitmentTherapy,seemsespeciallysuitable.Itarguesthat

prioritizingchoicesandactionsthathelpyougetclosertogetthingsdonecankeepyouawayfromtheunpleasant

feelings.Sothenexttimeyou,regoingtoprocrastinate,makeyourfbcusassimpleas"What'sthenextaction?”.

Focusingonthisone-stepquestiontakesyourmindoffyourfeelingsandontoeasilyachievableaction.t4Ourresearch

andlivedexperienceshowveryclearlythatoncewegetstarted,we'retypicallyabletokeepgoing.Gettingstarted

iseverything?,

12.Whichistrueaccordingtothetraditionalviewofprocrastinators?

A.Theyareusuallyirresponsiblepeople.

B.Theyhavedifficultyinconcentrating.

C.Theyenjoywatchingvideoswhilewriting.

D.Theycangetworkdonewithbelterschedules.

13.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph4?

A.Procrastinationboostsyourmoods.

B.Procrastinatorspreferpuzzlestosadstories.

C.Test-takerscannotescapebademotions.

D.Negativeemotionspromoteprocrastination.

14.Whyfocusingononesimplequestionissuggested?

A.Itshortenstheprocess.B.Itinspiresthewildestimagination.

C.Itmayrelieveunpleasantfeelings.D.Itcanfixtimemanagementproblem.

15.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleofthetext?

A.PrioritizeYourTo-doListB.NewStudiesonWorkPerformance

C.QuitWatchingCatVideosD.TremendousDamageofProcrastination

【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于拖延症研究的新观点。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Bythisview,Ihaven'tfully叩predatedhowlongmyassignmentisgoingtotake

andI'mnotpayingenoughattentiontohowmuchtimeI'mcurrentlywastingonvideos.（根据这种观点，我还没

有完全意识到我的作业需要多长时间，我也没有足够注意我目前在视频上浪费了多少时间）”可知，根据传

统观点，拖延者很难集中注意力。故选B项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段中“Subsequenistudiesbytheanotherteamalsoshowedlowmoodonlyincreases

procrastinationifenjoyableactivitiesareavailableasadistraclion.（另一个团队随后的研究也表明，如果愉快的

活动可以分散注意力，情绪低落只会增加拖延症）”可知，消极情绪助长拖延症。故选D项。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Itarguesthatprioritizingchoicesandactionsthathelpyougetclosertoget

thingsdonecankeepyouawayfromtheunpleasantfeelings.Sothenexttimeyou,regoingtoprocrastinate,make

yourfocusassimpleas'What'sthenextaction?'.（它认为，优先选择和行动可以帮助你更接近完成事情，可

以让你远离不愉快的感觉。所以下次你要拖延的时候，把你的关注点简单地变成'下一步是什么？'）"可

知，关注一个简单的问题可以缓解不愉快的感觉。故选C项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中"Thisfreshperspectiveonprocrastinationisbeginningtoopenup

excitingnewapproachestoreducingthehabit.（这种关于拖延症的新观点开始为减少拖延症开辟了令人兴奋的

新途径）”可知，本文主要介绍了关于拖延症研究的新观点。选项B“工作绩效（拖延症）新研究”符合主题，

适合做标题。故选B项。

第二节（共5小题;每小题分，满分分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Whenaheavystormhit,residentsofthefloatingcommunityofSchoonschipinAmsterdamhadlittledoubt

aboutwhethertheycouldrideitout.Theytieduptheirownstuff,andcheckedinwithneighborstoensureeveryone

hadenoughfoodandwater.16.risingalongwiththewaterandgoingbacktoitsoriginalpositionafterthe

rainstopped.

Afloatinghousecanbeconstructedonanyshorelineandisabletodealwithrisingseasbyremainingonthetop

ofthewater'ssurface.17.floatinghomesarefixedtotheshoreandareusuallyconnectedtothelocalsewer

（污水管道）systemandpowergrid.Theyarestructurallysimilartohousesbuiltonland.

18SitiBoelen,theSchoonschipresident,saysthatwhenshefirstmovedin,stormyweathermadeher

thinktwice."Ybufeelitinyourstomach,Mshesays,addingthatshehasgottenusedtothefeeling.Floatinghomes

alsorequireextrainfrastructureandworktoconnecttotheelectricitygridandsewersystem.

19.“Iftherearefloods,it'sexpectedthatmanypeoplewillmovetohigherground.Butthealternative

istostayclosetocoastalcitiesandexploreexpansionontothewater,MsaysRutgerdeGraaf"20.That's

unavoidablemerelyhalfacenturyaway.Weneedtostartnowtoincreasethescaleoffloatingdevelopments.”

A.Theythenboardedtheirfloatinghouses

B.Butthebenefitsmayoutweighthecosts

C.Sincefloatinghousesareontheincrease

D.Wefeelsaferinastormbecausewearefloating

E.Unlikehouseboatwhichcaneasilybemovedandrelocated

EHundredsofmillionsofpeoplewillbedisplacedbysealevelrise

G.Severewindandrain,oreventhepassingships,canrockthebuildings

【答案】16A17.E18.G19.B20.F

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了对抗暴风雨的新方法一一漂浮房屋。

16题详解】

下文4<risingalongwiththewaterandgoingbacktoitsoriginalpositionaftertherainstopped.（随着水的上升，

雨停后又回到原来的位置。）”，及第二段开头“Afloatinghousecanbeconstructedonanyshorelineandis

abletodealwithrisingseasbyremainingonthetopofthewater'ssurface.（浮动房屋可以在任何海岸线上建

造，并且能够通过留在水面顶部来应对海平面上升。）”可知，在暴雨来临时人们就登上了浮动房屋，雨停

后就会回到原来的位置。A项“Theythenboardedtheirfloatinghouses（然后他们登上了他们的浮动房屋）”

与上下文一致。故选A。

【17题详解】

根据下文“floatinghomesarefixedtotheshoreandareusuallyconnectedtothelocalsewer（污水管道）system

andpowergrid.漂浮房屋固定在岸边，通常连接到当地的下水道系统和电网。）”和“Theyarestruclurally

similartohousesbuiltonland.（它们在结构上类似于在陆地.上建造的房屋。）可知，此处讲述漂浮房屋的建

立，下文用陆地房屋与漂浮房屋进行比较，E项“Unlikehouseboatwhichcaneasilybemovedandrelocated

（不像可以很容易地移动和重新安置的的游艇）”符合语境，说明了漂浮房屋与游艇不一样，需要固定在岸

边，不移动和重新安置。故选E。

【18题详解】

下文“SitiBoelen,theSchoonschipresident,saysthatwhenshefirstmovedin,stormyweathermadeherthink

twice.t4You他elitinyourstomach,“shesays,addingthatshehasgottenusedtothefeeling.（SchoonschipK

SiliBoelen说，当她第一次搬进来时，暴风雨的天气让她三思。“你感受到你的胃在翻腾，”她说，并补

充说她已经习惯了这种感觉。）”可知，居民SitiBoelen对于暴风雨天气起初很紧张，后来逐渐习惯，因此

推断空出应是讲述暴风雨中的情况，与G项“Severewindandrain,oreventhepassingships,canrockthe

buildings（狂风暴雨，甚至是过往的船只，都会撼动建筑物）”符合上下文，故选G。

【19题详解】

上文aFloatinghomesalsorequireextrainfrastructureandworktoconnecttotheelectricitygridandsewersystem.

（漂浮房屋还需要额外的基础设施和工作来连接到电网和下水道系统。）可知，浮动房屋的建造需要额外基础

设施的建立和额外的工作，因此需要资金投入，结合下文“"Iftherearefloods,it'sexpectedthatmanypeople

willmovetohigherground.Butthealternativeistostayclosetocoastalcitiesandexploreexpansionontothewater,“

saysRutgerdeGraaf.（“如果发生洪水，预计许多人将搬到更高的地方。但一种选择是留在沿海的城市，探

索向水上扩张"RutgerdeGraaf说。）”可知，如果发生洪水，人们会搬到高处，但是也可以选择探索向水上

扩张，因此推断虽然浮动房屋的建造会需要大量开支，但是如果发生洪水，浮动房屋的会有益处，因此推断

受益可能大于开支，B项“Bullhebenefitsmayoutweighihecosts（浮动房屋的收益可能大于开支）”符合语境，

承上启下。故选B。

【20题详解】

下文"That'sunavoidablemerelyhalfacenturyaway.Weneedtostartnowtoincreasethescaleoffloating

developments.（这在半个世纪之后是不可避免的。我们需要从现在开始，扩大浮动开发的规模。）”可知，

that指代上文提到的事情，空处应是讲述不可避免的事情，承接上文浮动房屋是为了应对洪水爆发，海平

面上升，因此推断不可避免的事情是指发生洪水，海平面上升，人们会流离失所，F项“Hundredsof

millionsofpeoplewillbedisplacedbysealevelrise（数亿人将因海平面上升而流离失所）”符合语境，下文倡

导现在就需要开始漂浮房屋的研发。故选艮

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节供15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

Childrenarenaturallycuriousbeings,butgettingthemtostudysomethingtheyaren'tinterestedincanbea

difficulttask.Teachersoftenfindthemselvestryingtorewardinthe21ofstarsorthreatofpunishment.But

whatifrewardsandthreatsaren'tthe22?

Naturalcuriosityissometimesreferredtoas“internalmotivation^.Studieshavefoundthatchildrenwhosee

learningas23andimportantarebetteratit.Andifseasytounderstandwhy—it'sdifficulttostudysomething

wearen't24.

Externalmotivation,thingslikerewardsandpunishment,doeshaveits25too.Motivesforachieving

goodgradesorfearofbeingpunishedhavebeen26tobenefitolderstudents.However,itseemsthatatan

earlyage,itdoesn'thaveasmucheffect.Sofbrthisgroup,howcanwestimulatethat27?

Accordingtosomeexperts,thekeyisto28somedegreeoffreedom.Letthechildseetheirlearningas

their29will.Ifyouwanttoteachachildtoread,letthemchoosewhichbooktheyuse.Whetherit'sacomic

bookorclassicliterature—theaimofstimulatingtheirdesirefbrreadingisstill30.Likewise,31

arelationshipwiththemaslearners—listentotheirnegativefeelings.Explainwhyanactivityisvaluable,evenifit

isn't32fun.

Soitseemsthatthemost33wayofmotivatingchildren,especiallytheyoungones,might34

stimulatingthatinternalmotivation.Maybeifstimetoreleasethemfromthereignsofthreatsandrewards,andgive

themabitmore35ofhowtheylearn.

21.A.formB.nameC.orderD.right

22.A.examplesD.answersC.experimentsD.thoughts

23.A.frustratingB.ordinaryC.overwhelmingD.fun

24.A.ashamedofB.annoyedwithC.gratefulforD.passionateabout

25.A.causesB.outputsC.usesD.principles

26.A.acknowledgedB.restrictedC.challengedD.treated

27.A.discussionB.creativityC.interestD.demand

28.A.allowB.passC.senseD.monitor

29.A.socialB.strongC.frankD.free

30.A.affectedB.explainedC.analyzedD.met

31.A.testB.buildC.admitD.refresh

32.A.visuallyB.slightlyC.exactlyD.originally

33.A.effectiveB.humbleC.privateD.traditional

34.A.endupB.comefromC.committoD.setoff

35.A.levelB.choiceC.judgeD.doubt

【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.D25.C26.A27.C28.A29.D30.D31

B32.C33.A34.B35.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何激励孩子向成功进发。

[21题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师们经常发现自己试图用重要人物的形式奖励或用威胁的方式惩罚学生。A.

form形式；B.name名字：C.order命令;D.righl权力。根据下文中的"orthreatofpunishment”以及语境可

知，此处指的是奖励学生的“形式”。故选A项。

【22题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如果奖励和威胁不是解决办法呢？A.examples榜样；B.answers解决办法；C.

experiments实验；D.thoughts思想。根据最后一段“Soitseemsthatthemost___13___wayofmotivating

children,especiallytheyoungones,might___14___stimulatingthatinternalmotivation.w可知,本文只要是在寻

求激励孩子学习的方法，由此可知，此处指的是奖励与惩罚若不是解决问题的“解决办法”，怎么办。故选

B项。

【23题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，视学习为乐趣和重要的事情的孩子更擅长学习。A.frustrating令人

沮丧的；B.ordinary普通的；C.overwhelming压倒性的；D.firn有趣的。根据下文中的"andimportant"可

知，此处应该是与“重要的”并列，即把学习视为“有趣的”符合语境。故选D项。

[24题详解】

考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这很容易理解一一学习我们不感兴趣的东西是很困难的。A.ashamedof对……

感到羞耻;B.annoyedwith对烦恼;C.gratefulfor感激;D.passionateabout热衷于。根据上文中的"Studies

havefoundthatchildrenwhoseelearningas___3