2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT2HEALTHYLIFESTYLE教学知识细解码学案含解析新人教版选择性必修第三册

PAGEUNIT2HEALTHYLIFESTYLE1．alcoholicadj.含酒精的；饮酒引起的→alcoholn.酒；酒精2．physicsn．物理；物理学→physicaladj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→physiciann．医师；(尤指)内科医生3．repeatv．重复；重说；重做；重新推出；再次发生→repeatedadj.重复的；重复发生的→repeatedlyadv.重复地4．rewardn．回报；嘉奖；酬劳vt.嘉奖；奖赏；给以酬劳→rewardingadj.值得做的；有益的；酬劳高的5．examinevt.(细致)检查；审查；测验→examinationn．审查；考察；检查；测验6．pessimismn．悲观；悲观主义→pessimisticadj.悲观的；悲观主义的7．composevt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写→composernabusen．滥用；虐待；辱骂vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂①Hewasarrestedonchargesofcorruptionandabuseofpower.滥用②Shesufferedyearsofphysicalabuse. 虐待③Therefereehadbeenthreatenedandabused. 辱骂WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)abusen.滥用；虐待；辱骂vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂[教材原句P14]Forexample，someofthemmaybecomeinvolvedintobaccooralcoholabuse，whichcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。[例1]Whatwentonherewasanabuseofpower.这里所发生的事是一种滥用职权的行为。[例2]Heturnedroundanddirectedatorrentofabuseatme.他转过身来冲我劈头盖脸地骂了一通。[造句]全部这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。Allthechildrenhadbeenphysicallyandemotionallyabused.[学问拓展]abuseone'spower 滥用某人的权利alcohol/drugabuse 酗酒/嗜毒scream/shoutabuse 高声谩骂/大声辱骂childabuse 虐待儿童socialabuse 社会弊端[即学即练]单句语法填空①Heabusedhis(he)privilegesinactivitiesoutsidehisofficialcapacity.②Janethadbeenabused(abuse)byherfathersinceshewaseleven.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)inresponseto响应，反应；回答；答复[教材原句P14]Secondly，thereisa“routine”，theregularactionyoutakeinresponsetothecue.其次，有一个“常规”，即你依据提示实行的常规行动。[例1]Thequickrecoverywastrulyinresponsetomedication.这次快速康复的确是对药物治疗的反应。[例2]Hisletterinresponsetoherrequesthadcontainedafirmrefusal.对于她的恳求他在信中赐予了坚决的回绝。[造句]这些变更是应我们顾客提出的要求而做出的。Thechangesareinresponsetodemandfromourcustomers.[学问拓展](1)responsen． 回答，回应；反应makea/noresponseto 对……做出回应/不予回答(2)respondvi. 回答，回应respondto...with/by... 用……回应……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Afewdayslater，shestillmadenoresponsetomye­mail.②Sherespondedtothenewsbyburstingintotears.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)rewardn．回报；嘉奖；酬劳vt.嘉奖；奖赏；给以酬劳[教材原句P14]Thirdly，thereisthe“reward”，thegoodthingorfeelingwegetfromtheroutine.第三，有“嘉奖”，即我们从日常生活中得到的好处或感觉。[例1]Theoldladyisofferingarewardof$50toanyonewhofindshercatforher!这位年老的女士给为她找到猫的人供应50美元的奖赏！[例2]Shewasrewardedforhereffortswithacashbonus.她因自己所做的努力而得到一笔奖金。[造句]他们辛苦了一天，得好好酬劳一下。Weshouldrewardthemgenerouslyforahardday'swork.[学问拓展]asarewardfor 作为(对某事的)酬劳/奖赏give/offerarewardtosb.forsth. 因为某事而给某人酬劳inrewardof 为答谢……；作为对……的嘉奖inreward＝inreturn 作为回报/报答rewardsb.forsth. 为某事而以……报答某人[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewasgivenamedalasarewardforhisservice.②Hiseffortwasrewardedwithremarkablesuccess.③Theoldmangavethelittleboyadollasarewardforhishelp.Inreward，theboygavehimahug.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)relyon依靠；依靠；信任[教材原句P15]Therewardmakesusmuchmorelikelytocontinuethecycle，andthebadhabitofrelyingonunhealthysnacksisformed.嘉奖让我们更有可能接着这个循环，依靠不健康零食的坏习惯也就形成了。[例1]Wehadtorelyonacompassandalotoflucktogethere.我们不得不依靠指南针和不错的运气到达这儿。[例2]Don'trelyonhisideas，beyourownmaster.你别总是仰承他的看法，要有自己的主见。[造句]我不知道是否能信任他，不过我愿冒一下险。Idon'tknowifIcanrelyonhim，butI'mwillingtotakeagamble.[学问拓展](1)relyon＋n./doing... 希望/依靠……relyonsb./sth.doing/todo... 希望……做……relyonitthat... 希望……(2)dependon/upon 依靠；依靠(3)counton/upon 依靠；依靠[即学即练]单句语法填空①Nothavingfoundabetterway，wehadtorelyonhimtobetheinterpreter.②Thesuccessofthisprojectreliesoneveryonemaking/tomake(make)aneffort.③Youcanrelyonitthatitwillraintomorrow.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)examinevt.(细致)检查；审查；测验[教材原句P15]Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits，wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.想要促使不良习惯朝着主动的方向变更，我们首先必需谛视、调整我们的习惯环。[例1]TheseideaswillbeexaminedinmoredetailinChapter10.这些观点将在第10章作更为具体的探讨。[例2]Thegoodswereexaminedfordamageonarrival.货物到达时检查是否有破损。[造句]期末时学生须参与全部学科的考试。Thestudentswillbeexaminedinallsubjectsattheendofterm.[学问拓展](1)examinesb.in/on... 测验某人……examinationn. 审查；调查；考查；考察； (细致的)检查，检验(2)physicalexamination 体检[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theplanswillbeexamined(examine)byEUenvironmentministers.②Aphysicalexamination(examine)isapreliminarytojoiningthearmy.[小片段填空]Lastweek，theteacherexaminedusinmaths.Aftertheexamination，weallwenttothehospitaltohavephysicalexaminations．(examine)eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)straightaway马上；立刻[教材原句P15]...andifwearenotsuccessfulstraightaway，weoftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.……假如我们不能立刻胜利，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。[例1]ItoldhimstraightawaywhatIthoughtofthematter.我毫不迟疑地把我对这个问题的看法告知了他。[例2]Let'sgotothemeetingstraightaway!我们立刻开会吧！[造句]我建议你马上打电话给她。Isuggestyougiveheracallstraightaway.[学问拓展](1)straightoff/out 坚决果断；直率straightup (询问或强调所说的话的真实性) 真的，的确(2)表示“马上，立刻”的词组atonce；rightnow；rightaway[即学即练]单句语法填空①Sheaskedhimstraightoffwhathethoughtaboutitall.②Soforme，Iwouldstraightuptellthem.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点7)decideon确定；选定[教材原句P15]...youhavetothinkaboutyourbadhabitsanddecideonsomechanges.……你必需考虑你的坏习惯并确定一些变更。[例1]Afterleavinguniversity，Theresedecidedonacareerinpublishing.高校毕业后，特蕾泽确定从事出版行业。[例2]We'restilltryingtodecideonavenue.我们仍旧尽力选定一个会场。[造句]我已经是个成年人了，我应当确定自己的生活。Iamalreadyanadult，soIshoulddecideonmyownlife.[学问拓展](1)decidetodo/that＋从句... 确定做……(2)makeadecision 做出确定cometo/arriveat/reachadecision 做出确定[即学即练]单句语法填空①Nowthatyoudecidetogo(go)，you'dbettergoatonce.②Theyhavechewedtheproblemoverforhoursandhopetoreachadecision(decide)soon.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点8)makeupone'smind下定决心；确定[教材原句P16]Weneedtomakeupourmindsandshowsomediscipline，andmakesmallchangesovertime.我们须要下定决心，表现出一些纪律性，并随着时间的推移做出一些小的变更。[例1]Onceshehasmadeuphermind，nothingcanchangeit.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她变更。[例2]Itisearlydaysyettomakeupourminds.我们要下决心现在还为时过早。[造句]我们决心在天黑前完成工作。Wehavemadeupourmindstofinishtheworkbeforedark.[学问拓展]changeone'smind 变更办法keep/bear/have...inmind 记住；牢记在心头speakone'smind 直言不讳readone'smind 看出某人的心思[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ifyouthinkitover，maybeyouwillchangeyour(you)mind.②Youmustkeep/bear/haveitinmindthattheseexamswillaffectyourfinalresult.[名师点津]在短语makeupone'smind中，mind的单复数要随其前one's的单复数而变更。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点9)composevt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写[教材原句P16]Lifeiscomposedofmanyelements，suchasfamily，friends，study，work，entertainmentandsoon.生活是由很多要素组成的，如家庭、挚友、工作、消遣等等。[例1]Tenmencomposethecommittee.委员会由十人组成。[例2]Mozartcomposedhislastoperashortlybeforehedied.莫扎特在创作出他最终一部歌剧后不久便去世了。[造句]她写了一封抗议信。Shecomposedaletterofprotest.[学问拓展](1)becomposedof＝bemadeupof＝consistof 由……组成(2)composern. 作曲家(3)compositionn. 作品；作曲；作文[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theseawaterismainlycomposedofwaterandsalt.②LudwigvanBeethovenwasaGermancomposer(compose)andpianist.③Theteachersingledoutonecomposition(compose)forclassdiscussion.[小片段填空]Thecomposeroncecreatedafamousfilm，whichwascomposedofthreeparts.Hiscompositionhelpedhimwonalotofprizes.(compose)SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)状语从句的省略[教材原句P14]Thesebadhabits，ifleftunchecked，couldleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.这些坏习惯假如不加以限制，成年后可能会导致更严峻的坏习惯。句式分析：ifleftunchecked是iftheyareleftunchecked的省略形式；if条件句中假如从句主语和句子主语一样，可以干脆跟分词形式。[例1]Ifasked，IwouldsaythatIbelongtothegenerationofhope.假如被问到，我会说我属于希望的一代。[例2]Ifinvitedtoawedding，youwillreceiveaninvitationsixtoeightweeksbeforetheevent.假如有人邀请你参与婚礼，你会在婚礼之前六到八个星期收到请帖。[造句]假如故事讲得好的话，它会彰显你的特性和背景。Iftoldproperly，storiesshouldrevealalotoffactsaboutyourpersonalityandbackground.[学问拓展]when，while，once，unless等引导状语从句也有类似用法，后面可以跟现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Unlessinvited(invite)tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.②Theresearchissodesignedthatoncebegan(begin)nothingcanbedonetochangeit.③Whencompleted(完工后),themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.④Whencomparingdifferentcultures(在比较不同文化时)，weoftennoticethedifferencesbutignorethesimilarities.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)ratherthan连接并列谓语[教材原句P15]So，whenwefeelunhappyagain(cue)，ratherthaneatsnacks，wecouldlistentosomeofourfavouritemusicinstead(routine)...所以，当我们再次感到不快乐时(示意)，而不是吃零食，我们可以听一些我们最喜爱的音乐来代替(常规)……句式分析：句中的ratherthan连接并列谓语，listento和eat。[例1]Muchofthefoodpleasesratherthanexcites.这些食物中很多只是让人满足，但并不让人兴奋。[例2]Hedecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.他确定写信，不打电话。[造句]我们尽快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。Let'sgetitoverwithassoonaspossible，ratherthandragitout.[学问拓展](1)ratherthan用作连词，连接两个平行结构。它构成的句型结构：prefertodo...ratherthando... 宁愿做……而不情愿做……woulddo...ratherthando... 宁愿做……而不情愿做……wouldratherdo...thando... 宁愿做……而不情愿做……(2)ratherthan用作介词，与insteadof同义。(3)AratherthanB作主语时，谓语要与A在人称、数上保持一样。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①YouratherthanIare(be)goingtogocamping.②Iprefertoplay(play)basketballratherthangofishing.③Iprefertogetupearlyratherthangotoschoolwithoutbreakfast(不吃早饭上学)．④Thechildrenwouldwalkthereratherthantakeabus(不愿乘公共汽车)．So，whenwefeelunhappyagain(cue)，ratherthaneatsnacks，wecouldlistentosomeofourfavouritemusicinstead(routine)，whichwillmakeusfeelrelaxed(reward)．[分析]when引导时间状语从句；ratherthan意为“而不是”；which引导的是定语从句。[翻译]所以，当我们再次感到不快乐时(示意)，而不是吃零食，我们可以听一些我们最喜爱的音乐来代替(常规)，这会让我们感到放松(嘉奖)。教材高考1.Thirdly，thereisthe“reward”，thegoodthingorfeelingwegetfromtheroutine.(2024·浙江卷)Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome，youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.2.Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits，wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.(2024·北京卷)Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.3youhavetothinkaboutyourbadhabitsanddecideonsomechanges.(2024·浙江卷)TheydecidedonatourtotheUnitedStatesin1964.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Lily，ratherthanyou，is(be)toblamefortheaccident.2．Aswalking(walk)alongtheriverbank，shewassingingapopsong.3．Hewashighlyregardedasadirector，composer(compose)，pianist，andeducator.4．Haveyoudecidedonthetopicforyourspeech?5．Theteacherdistributedtheexamination(examine)papersaroundtheclass.6．Youmayrelyonitthathewillcometomeetyou.7．Hewasrewardedwithathree­week­holidayforhisachievements.8．Wesentoutover1，000lettersbuttheresponse(respond)ratehasbeenlow.9．Sherealizedstraightoffthathecouldnotbetrusted.10．Bearinmind，allthosequerieswillfinallyberuninproduction.Ⅱ.短语填空inresponseto；relyon；ratherthan；straightaway；decideon；makeupone'smind；becomposedof；inrewardfor1．Whenyouhavemade