2025届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧14短语含义的获取策略含解析

典型技巧14短语含义的获得策略【考情角度】考情角度记叙文中有时会在叙述的基础上，辅以适当的争论，以表明作者的观点看法和目的，结构上实行“以叙为主，兼顾争论”或“先叙后议”或“夹叙夹议”，阅读时应关注文章“起伏跌宕”的故事情节，从中悟道理。考查角度常考查细微环节理解题、词义揣测题和主旨大意题。【真题再现】(2024·全国卷Ⅱ·B)主题语境：公益事业与志愿服务“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomeeq\a\vs4\al(demanding)workschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtug_at_the_heartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadeq\a\vs4\al(coaching)ateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend­of­seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganeq\a\vs4\al(invaluable)memberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsareeq\a\vs4\al(relieved)toeq\a\vs4\al(beoffthehook)foranotherseason.Handingouteq\a\vs4\al(sliced)orangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoneq\a\vs4\al(comestoaclose).Thatreliefiseq\a\vs4\al(coupled)withadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?1.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B.Sheisn'tgoodatsports.C.Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.D.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork. B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds. D.Provideadvice.3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse. B.Sheisproudofherkids.C.She'llworkforanotherseason. D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.4.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?A.Itgivesherasenseofduty. B.Itmakesherveryhappy.C.Itenableshertoworkhard. D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.答案与解析：1.C2.B3.D4.B1.由第1段中的alastresort和第3段中的unwillingparent可推断出正确答案。2.heartstrings由heart和strings构成，可理解为“心弦”，结合画线短语前的persuading及下文作者所列举的感人事迹可知，作者想要打动家长，使其变更办法。3.由“后扬”部分情节可知，家长做了很多，由此可推断出正确选项。4.依据说理部分的“Volunteeringjustfeelssogood”可推断出答案。【技巧释义】利用“构词法＋语境”揣测短语意义1.先抑(第1段)家长表达不情愿帮忙(可解第1题)2.后扬(第2～3段)第2段：利用事例打动家长接受志愿者工作(可解第2题)第3段：原本不情愿的家长做了很多3.说理(第4～5段)①Volunteeringjustfeelssogood(可解第4题)②volunteeringismoreofaselfishact【词汇积累】slicevt.把……切成薄片relievedadj.感到宽慰的；感到安心的demandingadj.要求高的invaluableadj.特别珍贵的coachvt.训练；辅导couplevt.与……结合beoffthehook脱身cometoaclose结束【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexaminewhetherpeoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However,theremaybeotherreasons—forexample,economicreasons—whytheyshouldbepreserved.So,let'sassumethathistoricalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.Whatshouldwedothenifanewbuildingisneeded?Inmyview,newarchitecturalstylescanexistperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed,therearemanyexamplesinmyownhometownofTourswheremoderndesignshavebeenplacedverysuccessfullynexttooldbuildings.Aslongasthebuildinginquestionispleasinganddoesnotdominate（影响）itssurroundingstoomuch,itoftenimprovesattractivenessofthearea.Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhichhavespoilt（破坏）theareatheyarein,butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo.Yetpeoplestillspeakagainstnewbuildingsinhistoricareas.Ithinkthisissimplybecausepeoplearenaturallyconservativeanddonotlikechange.Althoughwehavetorespectpeople'sfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings,Ibelievethatitisthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomovethingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,thoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouthistoricalbuildingsinthefirstparagraph?A.Someofthemarenotattractive. B.Mostofthemaretooexpensivetopreserve.C.Theyaremorepleasingthanmodernbuildings. D.Theyhavenothingtodowiththehistoricfeelofanarea.2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?A.Weshouldreproducethesameoldbuildings.B.Buildingsshouldnodominatetheirsurroundings.C.Someoldbuildingshavespoilttheareatheyarein.D.Nooneunderstandswhypeoplespeakagainstnewbuildings.3.By"movethingsforward"inthelastparagraph,theauthorprobablymeans""A.destroyoldbuildings B.putthingsinadifferenceplaceC.choosenewarchitecturalstyles D.respectpeople'sfeelingforhistoricalbuildings4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainwhypeopledislikechange B.Towarnthatwecouldenduplivingincaves.C.Toadmithownewbuildingshaveruinedtheirsurroundings. D.Toarguethatmodernbuildingscanbebuiltinhistoricareas.【答案】1.A2.C3.C4.D【分析】本文为争论文。文章探讨了是否现代的建筑应当和古老的历史建筑在一起，在作者看来历史建筑应当保存，但是我们的建筑风格也应当变更，不能因为历史建筑破坏我们的生活。1.细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive(并不是全部的历史建筑都有吸引力)”可知一些历史建筑不够有吸引力，故选A。2.推理推断题。依据第三段“Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhichhavespoilt（破坏）theareatheyarein,butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo(的确，一些新建筑破坏了它们所在的区域，但一些老建筑也同样如此)”可知，新建筑破坏了它们所在的区域，而古建筑也是这样，可知作者认为一些历史建筑将他们生活的地方破坏了，故选C。3.词句揣测题。依据第三段最终一句“Ithinkthisissimplybecausepeoplearenaturallyconservativeanddonotlikechange(我认为这很简洁，因为人们天生保守，不喜爱变更).”可知，作者认为人们天生保守，不喜爱变更，依据第四段其次句“Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves(假如我们总是重现以前的样子，我们都还会住在洞窟里)”可知，假如建筑师不变更建筑风格，我们现在还住在山洞里面，虽然我们必需敬重人们作为建筑运用者的感受，但建筑师和规划师要选择新的建筑风格，以推动事物的向前发展，选项C.choosenewarchitecturalstyles(选择新的建筑风格)符合语境，故选C。4.推理推断题。依据文章第一段第一句“Shouldweallowmodembuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity(我们是否应当让现代建筑建在城市历史地段的老建筑旁边)?”作者提出问题，并对此绽开论证，再依据最终一段最终一句“Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,thoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice(因此，我反对复制以前的架构风格，而选择一些新奇和不同的风格，尽管这可能是更危急的选择).”可知作者得出结论，认为现代建筑可以建在历史区域。故选D。2Anewstudyhasshownhowcomputersandrobotspoweredbyartificialintelligence(AI)canreadhumaneyemovementsto“read”humanpersonalities.Theeyesarethewindowstothesoul.Andifso,computersandrobotspoweredbycomplexartificialintelligencealgorithms(算法)maysoonhavetheabilitytopeerintoyoursoul.Thatistheresultofanewstudyontheconnectionbetweeneyemovementsandpersonality,conductedbyneuroscienceresearchers.“Eyemovementsduringaneverydaytaskpredictaspectsofourpersonality,”wrotetheresearchers,ledbyUniversityofSouthAustralianeuroscientistTobiasLoetscher,whoseteamfollows42studysubjectsrecordingtheireyemovements,thendeterminestheirpersonalitycharacteristics.TheresearchersfedthedataintotheirAIalgorithmsandfoundthatcomputersrunningthealgorithmswereabletorecordhumaneyemovementsandimmediatelydetermineaperson’smajorpersonalitycharacteristics,suchas“neuroticism,extraversion(外向),agreeableness,conscientiousness,aswellasperceptual(感知的)curiosity”,thescientistswrote.“Thenewfindingscouldimprovethewayhumanbeingsinteractwiththeircomputersandotherhigh-techdevices,evenrobots,allowingformorenaturalandrealisticsocialinteractionswithmachines,”Loetschersaid.“Peoplearealwayslookingforimproved,personalizedservices.Today’srobotsandcomputersarenotsociallyaware,sotheycannotadjusttonon-verbalinformation,”LoetschersaidinastatementquotedbyIndianExpress.“Thisresearchprovidesopportunitiestodeveloprobotsandcomputerssothattheycanbecomemorenatural,andbetteratinterpretinghumansocialsignals.”Thestudyrevealedpreviouslyundiscoveredrelationsbetweenspecificpersonalitycharacteristicsandspecificeyemovementtendencies,accordingtoasummaryinBritain’sDailyMailnewspaper.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“peerinto”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Searchfor. B.Concernabout.C.Stareat. D.Understand.6.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheresearch?A.Itwascarriedoutinalab.B.42subjects’eyemovementswererecorded.C.Thestudents’dailymovementsweretracked.D.Itssubjects’personalitiesweredeterminedbycomputer.7.WhatdoesTobiasLoetschermeaninparagraph6?A.Robotsandcomputersaresociallyconscious.B.Peoplecarelessaboutimproved,personalizedservices.C.Today’srobotsandcomputerscanaccustomthemselvestonon-verbalinformation.D.Thediscoverywillimprovetheinteractionbetweenhumanbeingsandrobots.8.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TellPersonalitiesbyEyeMovementsB.WhatHumanEyeMovementsAreC.HumanPersonalityCharacteristicsD.HowHumansandMachinesInteract【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的探讨表明，由人工智能驱动的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读”人类的性格。5.词义揣测题。依据其次段中的“Theeyes,theysay,arethewindowstothesoul.(人们说眼睛是心灵的窗户)”可知，划线词组所在句的句意为“假如这是真的，由困难的人工智能算法驱动的计算机和机器人可能很快就能探究你的灵魂。”划线词组peerinto与understand意思相近。故选D项。6.细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“whoseteamfollows42studysubjectsaroundtheuniversitycampusrecordingtheireyemovements,thendeterminestheirpersonalitytraits(特点)

with“well-establishedquestionnaires”fordeterminingpersonalitytype(该探讨小组在高校校内内对42名探讨对象进行了视察，记录他们的眼球运动，然后用“成熟的调查问卷”来确定他们的性格特征)”可知，探讨人员通过记录42名探讨对象的眼球运动来进行这项探讨的。故选B项。7.细微环节理解题。依据第五段中的“Thenewfindingscouldimprovethewayhumanbeingsinteractwiththeircomputersandotherhigh-techdevices,evenrobots,allowingformorenaturalandrealisticsocialinteractionswithmachines.(这项新发觉可能会改善人类与电脑和其他高科技设备，甚至是机器人的互动方式，从而使人类与机器进行更自然、更现实的社会互动成为可能)”可知，这一发觉将改善人类和机器之间的互动。故选D项。8.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的探讨发觉——由人工智能驱动的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读”人类的性格。因此，A项“通过眼睛的运动来推断一个人的性格”适合做本文标题。故选A项。3Thethreephasesoflifeareincreasinglyathingofthepast.Whereonceworkinglivesfittedneatlyintothemodelofeducation,employmentandthenretirement,thesimplicityofthatdivisionisbeingchallengedbychangingstandardsoftheworkforce.Increasingnumbersofworkers,nearingtheirlong-imaginedtransition(过渡)intoretirement,seemtobeactivelyputtingoffthemomentatwhichtheydowntools.NewlyreleasedfiguresfromtheOfficeforNationalStatistics(ONS)haveshownthatthereareoveramillionmoreover50sinpart-timeworkthanadecadeago.Andwithnineoutof10employersreportingdifficultieshiringworkers,there’slikelytobeagrowingmarketfortheirtalentsasbossesextendtheirsearchestoolderpeople,includingthosewhoarewillingtotakeonpart-timeresponsibilities.Theendingofthethreephasesofworkinglifeisn’tsimplydowntopeoplelivinglongerorfinancialnecessity-thoughthosearecertainlyimportantfactors-butalsotoanincreasingdesiretomaintainapurposefullife.OnesurveyofBritishretireesover50foundthat85percentofthemfeltthey’dretiredtooyoung—stoppingworkinghadleftavoidthattheyregrettedafterwards.The2015filmTheInternconveyedthishumanneedtohavevalue.Init,RobertDeNiroplaysa70-year-oldwidowerwhofindshimselfafishoutofwaterwhenhejoinsatrendyinternetstart-up.Intheend,notonlydoeshefindthesenseofbelongingthathedesiresbuthiscolleaguescometorelyonhisexperienceanddifferentperspective.It’saplotwecanincreasinglyexpecttohappeninreal-lifeofficesoverthedecadestocomeaspeopleliveeverlonger.Already,weareseeingpeopleintheir50sand60slookingaheadtoaretirementlasting30years,choosinginsteadtobuildsecondcareersthattheycanmaintainintotheir70sorbeyond.Freedfromthefinancialburdenofyoungchildren,theycanprioritizeflexibility,shorterworkinghoursormorerewardingjobsinareassuchascharityworkorteaching.Manydoitfornomoneyatall,volunteeringbehindthetillincharityshopsorshowingpeopleroundNationalTrustproperties.However,it’sthenextgenerationwheretheeffectoflivinglongerwillreallybefelt,andthefinancialnecessitywillstarttobite.IntheWest,morethanhalfofthechildrenbornin2024havealifeexpectancyofmorethan100years.Intheirbook,The100-YearLife,LondonBusinessSchoolprofessorsLyndaGrattonandAndrewScottsuggestthatacquiringsufficientfundstoseeoneselfthrougha40-or50-yearretirementwilllikelybebeyondallbutthehighestearners.Thenthere’stheoft-repeatedclaimthatyoungpeopletodayarethefirstgenerationtobepoorerthantheirparents.Certainlypropertypricesarechangingthewaytheyplanforthefuture.Inthemid-Nineties,theaveragehomecostlessthanthreetimestheaveragewage;lastyear,ONSstatsplacedthatratioateighttimeswages.Theoveralleffectofthesetrendsisthatyoungpeoplerecognizethattheywilllikelyhavetopostponedreamsofretirementandinsteadstrapon(绑住)moredebtspreadoverlongerspans.It’swhy44percentofunder30ssaytheyexpecttobeworkingwellintotheir70sandwhydatathisyearfromtheBankofEnglandshowthat16percentofUKmortgages(按揭贷款)nowhavetermsof35yearsormore-afigurethathastripledinthepastdecade.Allofthesefactorslooksettocontributetoaworkforcethathasasignificantlywiderrangeofagesinthefuture.Inaneraofworkwhenwe’vealllearnedtobemoreinclusive,onlyeightpercentoffirmswithadiversityprogrammehaveadaptedittogobeyondgender,raceandsexualityandintoage.Incorporatingolderemployeesintotheworkforceissettobethenextbigthingattheoffice.IfRobertDeNirohasanythingtoteachus,it’sthatthiscanbeanenormousforcepermanentlyforbothemployeesandbusinesses.9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“isdownto”inParagraph3mean?A.iscausedby B.resultsinC.isresponsiblefor D.givesbirthto10.Whattrendwillthenextgenerationface?A.Theycanlivewithintheirmeans.B.Theirlifeexpectancywillbelonger.C.Theywillbericherthantheirparents.D.Theywillfailtopayofftheirmortgage.11.TheauthorintroducesthedetailsofthefilmTheInterninorderto_____.A.tellusRobertDeNiroisahelpfulretireeB.indicatethatretireescanalsobenefitsocietyC.shareRobertDeNiro’ssecondcareerwithusD.illustratethatretireesdesiretolivemeaningfully12.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thenewstandardsoftheworkplace.B.Agebeingnohurdleinthemodernworldofwork.C.Financialissuesfacingbotholdpeopleandyoungpeople.D.Differentattitudestoretirementbetweentheyoungandold.【答案】9.A10.B11.D12.B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。曾经的人生的三个阶段：教化、就业、退休正在受到变更的劳动力标准的挑战。文章介绍了在现代职场中，年龄不再是障碍。9.词义揣测题。依据画线词后的“OnesurveyofBritishretireesover50foundthat85percentofthemfeltthey’dretiredtooyoung—stoppingworkinghadleftavoidthattheyregrettedafterwards.”可知，一项针对50岁以上英国退休人员的调查发觉，85%的人觉得他们退休的时候太年轻——停止工作让他们有一种空虚感，他们懊悔退休，这说明工作生涯三个阶段的结束还因为人们越来越渴望接着过一种有意义的生活，因此此处是说这三个阶段的结束不仅是因为人们寿命的增加或经济上的须要，由此可知画线词词义为“因为，由……引起”，故A项正确。10.细微环节理解题。依据第六段中的“However,it’sthenextgenerationwheretheeffectoflivinglongerwillreallybefelt,andthefinancialnecessitywillstarttobite.IntheWest,morethanhalfofthechildrenbornin2024havealifeexpectancyofmorethan100years.”可知，然而，真正感受到长寿的影响的是下一代，经济上的必要性将起先显现，在西方，2024年诞生的儿童中，超过一半的预期寿命超过了100岁，由此可知，下一代的预期寿命更长，故B项正确。11.推理推断题。依据第三段“Theendingofthethreephasesofworkinglifeisn’tsimplydowntopeoplelivinglongerorfinancialnecessity-thoughthosearecertainlyimportantfactors-butalsotoanincreasingdesiretomaintainapurposefullife.”（职业生涯的三个阶段的终结，并不仅仅是因为寿命延长或经济需求，尽管这些因素确定很重要，还因为维持有目标生活的愿望日益剧烈）以及第四段中的“The2015filmTheInternconveyedthishumanneedtohavevalue.Init,RobertDeNiroplaysa70-year-oldwidowerwhofindshimselfafishoutofwaterwhenhejoinsatrendyinternetstart-up.Intheend,notonlydoeshefindthesenseofbelongingthathedesiresbuthiscolleaguescometorelyonhisexperienceanddifferentperspective.”（2015年的电影《实习生》就表达了这类人对价值的需求，在这部电影中，罗伯特·德尼罗扮演一位70岁的鳏夫，当他加入一家时髦的互联网初创公司时，发觉自己就像离开了水的鱼一样，最终，他不仅找到了自己渴望的归属感，他的同事们也起先学习他的阅历和看待问题的角度）可知，第四段中作者介绍了电影《实习生》的细微环节是为了说明退休人员渴望过有意义的生活，故D项正确。12.主旨大意题。通读全文，特殊是依据第一段中的“Thethreephasesoflifeareincreasinglyathingofthepast.”可知，工作生涯的三个阶段（接受技能教化、就业和退休）正渐渐成为过去，越来越多到了退休年龄的人还在工作，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是在现代职场中，年龄不再是障碍，故B项正确。4Severalyearsago,ChrisWilliamswasdrivinghomeonaWednesdaynightinConroe,Texas,justlikehealwaysdid.“Itwasdarkandraininghard,andIcouldbarelymakeouttwopeoplewalkingontheroad,”herecalled.BornandraisedinLouisiana,Williamsoftenwatchedhisfathergooutofhiswaytohelppeopleintrouble.Sohedidsomethinghisdadwouldhavedone.Heaskedthetwowomeniftheyneededaride.Theyjumpedin,andWilliamslearnedwhytheywerewalking.Theirtruckhadbeenintherepairshopfornearlythreemonths.“Iaskedthewomanwhoownedthetruckwhyitwasintheshopsolong,andthewomanhungherheadandtoldme,‘Ican’taffordtofixit,’”Williamscontinued.Williamshadalwaysdreamedofopeninghisownautorepairgaragethatwouldhelpwomeninneed.“Rightthenandthere,IdecidedIneededtofigureoutawaytogetmydreamofopeningafreegarageofftheground,”hesaid.Asafatheroftwogirls,Williamshadacallingtohelpsinglemoms,widowsandmilitarywives.Williamsborrowedmoneyandaskedpeopleheknewfordonationstostarthisnewcareer,andseveralmonthslater,heopenedTheGarage,anonprofitthatrepairsvehiclesforwomeninneed-atnocost.Theorganizationgivesrenewedvehiclesaway,too.Williamsunderstoodtheeconomicdifficultybeingcarlesscancause,andhowhisnonprofitcouldhelp.“Carrepairscanbeexpensive,andwhereIlive,it’sveryrural.”Williamsexplained.“Soifyoudon’thaveacar,youcan’tgetajob.Andifyoudon’thaveajob,youcan’tbuyacar.It’sacrueldilemma.”TheG