决战阅读之说明文-调查研究类1 精讲课件（入门篇）

(高中说明文)调查研究类1决战阅读之巅

培养快速理清篇章结构，抓取文章大意的能力。运用说明文体裁分析，规范阅读理解的解题步骤。学会使用“脱衣服”大法分析长难句。积累与调查研究类说明文相关的主题词汇。Ready?Go!说明文体裁分析Part1课标解读事理说明事物说明说明文分类历年数据年份省份篇章内容2021年新高考I卷D篇阐述了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望全国甲卷B篇介绍了在PortLympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状全国乙卷C篇介绍艺术家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人类审视与一次性塑料之间的关系D篇针对开放性办公室，一项研究调研多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的发展新高考II卷D篇介绍一种正在开发中的，可以用于监测放牧牛健康状况的机器人天津卷D篇阐述了艺术这一活动对人类的重要意义浙江卷C篇一项研究表明狗能够识别人类的面部表情北京卷C篇通过百位科学家、作家和学者的公开信，阐述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的相关内容历年数据年份省份篇章内容2020年全国I卷B篇阐述了重新阅读的意义和益处，鼓励大家重新阅读D篇介绍了麻省理工学院的工程师开发出的一种发光植物全国II卷B篇研究表明孩子们玩智力游戏有助于发展包括空间技能等多项能力全国II卷C篇介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办的不同寻常的时装秀中展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣全国III卷D篇通过引用最近的基因发现，阐述人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，也发生在最近的几千年间北京卷B篇介绍世界上第一条佩戴污染检测器记录地面附近的污染物水平的狗江苏卷B篇讲述了一度停用的电话亭在英国重新流行起来C篇研究表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益年份省份篇章内容2020年天津卷（5月）C篇HarbourAir航空公司研发电动飞机天津卷(7月)C篇介绍了声音技术领域的3种全新应用浙江卷C篇《神经病学》杂志发布一则研究显示，做挑战性的工作，有可能帮助衰老人群保持大脑的敏锐成都诊断模拟题科学家的研究表明2岁及其以前的幼年记忆并不可信高密模拟模拟题一项研究表明定期打网球有助于延长寿命2019年全国卷IC篇介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘D篇主要讲述了受欢迎度对青少年的影响历年数据年份省份篇章内容2019年全国卷IC篇介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘D篇主要讲述了受欢迎度对青少年的影响全国卷IIC篇分析美国越来越多的人喜欢独自进餐的社会现象D篇介绍了美国国家航空航天局为了把航天技术和学校教育结合起来，而针对高中生实施的HUNCH计划。全国卷IIID篇一位哈佛医学院的科学家领导的研究团队发现猴子能进行基本的加法计算。北京卷D篇解说由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿的现象。浙江卷C篇解说并分析加利福尼亚州从90年代以来大树不断消失的现象和背后的重要原因2018年全国卷IB篇介绍了一档英国电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴历年数据年份省份篇章内容2018年全国卷IC篇讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的现象及其原因D篇纽约罗彻斯特理工学院的研究表明，新电子设备的环境能耗比旧设备更低，是更经济环保的选择全国卷IIB篇介绍了7月份各种营养丰富，并包含对人体有益的微量元素的热带水果北京卷C篇介绍了一种吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的虫子大蜡螟天津卷C篇介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用上取得的进展和遇到的挑战2017年全国卷IIC篇Terrafugia公司研制出飞行汽车并成功进行了第一次飞行北京卷C篇已经被疫苗消灭的麻疹近日有回归的趋势2014年全国卷ID篇为了拯救因为濒临灭绝的小众语言，语言学家展开了记录拯救工作历年数据说明文通常说明某一事物的特征，普遍真理，阐述科学道理和对事物发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、说明的一种文体。可否举例？哇，考频这么高，说明文到底是什么？看完这篇《妈妈使用说明书》就懂啦！说明文是高考阅读理解的常客，每年阅读理解都有涉及。2004说明文一般使用较为科学严谨的语言对事物进行阐述，较少包含情绪化语言。为了准确表达要说明的事物，措辞严谨，包含专业术语和低频词，长难句多且句式结构复杂。那说明文读什么呢？该怎么读呢？我们一起来看看吧！哈哈，我懂了，这应该是篇事物说明文。说明文的语言特色我好像也get到了。123说明对象事物说明事理说明语篇结构说明顺序说明方法一般-特殊型问题-解决型匹配-比较型时间空间逻辑举例、比较、分类、引用、数字、定义、表格、图示…12341事物事理说明文往往为了说清某个事物或事理是什么、为什么、怎么样，通常在标题或首段直接指出说明对象。说明文围绕所说事物/事理，采用多种说明方法客观阐明，因而高频词会反复出现，阅读过程中把握高频词也能准确找出说明对象，提取核心信息。名师指路(2020全国卷ⅡB)方法1：寻找高频词①

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.④

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.⑤

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.⑥

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.(2020全国卷ⅡB)高频词：puzzleskill连词成句，得到说明对象Aresearchshowsthatpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.高频词：puzzleskill①

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.(2020全国卷ⅡB)方法2：看文章标题；寻找首段中心句方法2：看文章标题；寻找首段中心句事理说明文本文属于调查研究类说明文(2021浙江卷C)方法1：寻找高频词①

Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.②

Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(图像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.高频词（2021浙江卷C)③Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes."④

"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.⑤

Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.高频词:dogdistinguishhappyorangryhumanfacialexpressions连词成句，得到说明对象Astudyshowsdogs

maybeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfacialexpressions.高频词:dogdistinguishhappyorangryhumanfacialexpressions方法2：看文章标题；寻找首段中心句（2021浙江卷C)方法2：看文章标题；寻找首段中心句①

Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.②

Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(图像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.事理说明文本文属于调查研究类说明文2(2020全国卷ⅡB)①Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.④“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.⑤Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.⑥ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.说明对象研究过程研究结果研究成果2020全国卷ⅡB题目见讲义2021浙江C①Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.②Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(图像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.③

Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes."④"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.⑤Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.说明对象研究过程研究结果结果分析2021浙江CExpositionexplainssomething.Inordertomakeideasclearandunderstandableto

readers,expositionusuallyfollowstimeorder,spaceorderorlogicalorder.常见的逻辑顺序有：从原因到结果，从主要到次要，从整体到部分，从概括到具体，从现象到本质等。名师指路3①…②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.(2020全国卷ⅡB)题目见讲义④

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.⑤

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.(2020全国卷ⅡB)题目见讲义本文是事理说明文，是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究。作者通过列数字、引资料、作比较等说明方法，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和研究结果。充分说明了孩子们可以从益智游戏中，更好的培养数学相关的技能，比如空间技能。即说明对象：Puzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.名师指路What'sthemainideaofthispassage?总结：说明文的说明方法服务于说明对象。(2021浙江卷C)题目见讲义②Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(图像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.③Thestudyshowedtheanimals…inthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes."④"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.⑤Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthe…humanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.题目见讲义(2021浙江卷C)本文是事理说明文，是关于狗能够识别人类的面部表情。作者通过列数字、引资料、作比较等说明方法，介绍了研究过程、研究结果和出现该研究结果的原因。阐释了狗能够区分人类脸上的表情是高兴还是愤怒。即说明对象：Dogsmaybeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfacialexpressions.产生此现象的原因可能是因为狗与人类生活在一起，他们能经常接触人类的面部表情，而这种接触为它们提供了学习区分人类表情的机会。名师指路What'sthemainideaofthispassage?总结：事理类说明文的说明对象通常也是主旨句，呈现文章的主旨。真题讲解示例12020全国卷ⅡBPART2PyramidinacagepuzzleWatchthevideoCanyoufinishit?①Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.④“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.⑤Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.⑥ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.(2020全国卷ⅡB)题目见讲义摘要一般特殊型

说明文引言正文总结Researcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.Childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.Boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.1.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?3.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?快速通读文章，完成下面的摘要，并找出所对应的题目。MindMap2020全国卷Ⅱ

B说明对象研究过程研究结果Puzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskillsChildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillsperformbetterontasksthatassessed

theirabilitytorotate

and

translateshapesChildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and

4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.investigativekidsaged2to4,controllingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalkanalyzevideorecordingsof53child-parentpairs

duringeverydayactivitiesathomeaskparentstointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywouldHigher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequentlyforboysandgirlsBothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskillsBoystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirlsTheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplay研究成果ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.2.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？题目速览Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?Buildingconfidence. Developingspatialskills.Learningself-control. Gaininghigh-techknowledge.1WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？Parents’age. Children’simagination.Parents’education.Child-parentrelationship.2题目见讲义细节理解题细节理解题Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.3Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram.4细节理解题主旨大意题Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.1拆解：说明文（一般特殊型）细节理解题childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and

4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.STEP1：标关键词STEP2：定位信息段题干定位研究结果developbetterspatialskills.技巧点拨：同义复现语法译主干加枝叶心理学家SusanLevine，（是）芝加哥大学儿童数学发展研究领域的专家，发现二岁到四岁玩字谜的孩子们之后培养了更好的空间技能。答案指向句分析PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.step1:去枝叶，找主干，括从句step2:添加枝叶（定语状语同位语），补全句意findsb.dosth.发现某人做某事SusanLevine发现孩子们培养了更好的空间技能。拆解：说明文（一般特殊型）细节理解题STEP1：标关键词STEP2：定位信息段题干定位研究过程investigativekidsaged2to4,controllingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.education2WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.技巧点拨：同词复现Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.答案指向句分析主干：整句话倒装LevinesaidPuzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk112233宾语从句状语作difference的定语参考译文Levine说，在控制了父母的收入、受教育程度和父母谈话量的差异后，益智游戏被发现是影响认知的一个重要影响因素。Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls拆解：说明文（一般特殊型）细节理解题STEP1：标关键词STEP2：定位信息段题干定位研究结果⑤Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.tendedto3技巧点拨：同义复现morecomplex参考译文However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.答案指向句分析and连接两个简单句boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzles12然而，男孩比女孩玩的更复杂，男孩的父母提供更多的空间语言，并且比女孩的父母更活跃。theparentsprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveHoweverthangirlsofboysduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirlsand12比较状语时间状语比较状语puzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills拆解：说明文（一般特殊型）主旨大意题STEP1：标关键词STEP2：定位信息段题干定位说明对象①Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.researcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwith4math-relatedskills技巧点拨：主旨大意题寻找中心句，通常位于首段或尾段且but后一般设考点Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist. D.Ateachingprogram.参考译文答案指向句分析一些父母会买他们认为对孩子有益的高科技玩具，然而研究者表示益智玩具可以帮助孩子们提高数学相关的技能。but连接并列句Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild.researcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.but12省略that的宾语从句itwillhelptheirchild.if引导的条件状语从句从句中包含宾语从句Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.12回顾2020全国卷Ⅱ

B说明对象研究过程研究结果Puzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskillsChildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillsperformbetterontasksthatassessed

theirabilitytorotate

and

translateshapesChildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and

4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.investigativekidsaged2to4,controllingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalkanalyzevideorecordingsof53child-parentpairs

duringeverydayactivitiesathomeaskparentstointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywouldHigher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequentlyforboysandgirlsBothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskillsBoystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirlsTheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplay研究成果ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.Q4Q3Q2Q1Tip1:说明文细节理解题的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:说明文细节理解题正确选项特征______________________________________细节理解划出题干、选项关键词同词/同义复现回忆文章结构，定位具体段落关注关键词句，找出答案Tip1:说明文主旨大意题常与_____________有关。Tip2:说明文中心句常出现在_____________,

常见的标志词/句：①____________________________________;②____________________________________;③____________________________________。Tip3:说明文主旨题正确选项特征_____________________主旨大意说明对象Accordingtoanewstudy，…标题或段首Thestudyshowsthat…However,asaresult，infact…同义复现/概括呈现词汇梳理：同义/近义复现①Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.②PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.③

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.1develophelpwithanalyzedassessedtalkInwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.词汇梳理：同义/近义复现④“The