专题26【汇编】新八省期中阅读理解议论文通关16篇（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）【含答案解析】

《2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练》专题26【汇编】新八省期中阅读理解议论文通关16篇（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）解析版议论议论文满分作答解题妙招议论文是英语中的重要文体，在阅读理解中占有一定的比例。议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，偶尔考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感态度。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。一、考情分析议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。1.语言与结构特点议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。由此可见，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。2.答题误区议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。二、解题秘籍1.抓住论点找主旨。阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。一般来说，作者会在开头段落交代文章的论点，因此，细读文章首段尤为重要。议论文多采用“倒三角形”结构，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做题最大的要领，据此可以做好写作意图题、主旨大意题和标题推断题。2.理清文章结构。议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面（正面，反面）进行论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。考生在阅读时，要理清文章结构，找到论点的基础上进而理解作者给出的论据，突破细节理解题和推理判断题。3.体会语言特点。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。4.注意干扰项特点。①包含项原则在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项(或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。②正反项原则所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。③委婉项原则所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably,possibly,may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。④同形项原则命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。⑤常识项原则议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。⑥因果项原则阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。三、议论文实用答题妙招1.阅读理解议论文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。新八省新八省期中名校模拟试题【八省期中汇编·阅读·议论文01】（24-25高三上·四川成都·期中）Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitment(投入)toaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisthatweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone’sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion(排除)ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective(视角)intospecificfieldsofexpertise(专长).Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.“Idon’tknowwhereitwilllead,butI’mexcitedI’monthispursuit.”Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.1．Tobecomeaspecialist,whatdoesonepersonmayhavetodo?A．Narrowhisrangeofknowledge. B．Avoidresponsibilitiesatwork.C．Knowmoreaboutthesociety. D．Broadenhisperspectiveonlife.2．WhatdothespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendtodo?A．Treasuretheirfreedom. B．Travelaroundtheworld.C．Spendmosttimeworking. D．Enjoymeetingfunnypeople.3．WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A．Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson’ssuccess.B．In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C．Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D．Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.4．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howtoturnageneralistintoaspecialist. B．Therearesomewaystobecomeageneralist.C．Weshouldbemoreageneralistthanaspecialist. D．It’shardtodecidetobeageneralistoraspecialist.【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitment(投入)toaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisthatweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.(社会推动我们专业化，成为专家。这需要致力于某一特定的职业、学习或研究领域。成为专家的缺点是，我们往往知道的越来越少，越来越少)”可知，成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.(有些人似乎愿意在自己狭窄的专业领域夜以继日地工作。但这样的承诺也会削弱一种自由感。这些专家可能每天晚上在办公室工作到10点，然后回过头来发现，他们本想回家享受家人和朋友的甜蜜，或者去令人兴奋的地方旅行，结识有趣的人)”可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。3．推理判断题。文章第五段中“Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.“Idon’tknowwhereitwilllead,butI’mexcitedI’monthispursuit.”(事物是相互联系的。让你在一个领域的专业知识激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是联系在一起的。我的编辑托尼也是一名作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她被紫禁城的结构之美所吸引，同时也对学习更多中国哲学感兴趣。“我不知道它会走向何方，但我对自己的追求感到兴奋。”)”可知，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段中“Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.(即使你是一个专家，做一个通才也是有好处的)”可知，文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。故选C。【八省期中汇编·阅读·议论文02】（24-25高三上·四川·期中）Thelawofsupplyanddemanddeterminesthatanoverabundanceofanythingwillleadtoadecreaseinprice.Thisruleappliesnotonlytogoodsandservices,butalsotolifestyleandfashiontrends.Inthe19thcentury,theprimitivepaintingsofPicassoandMatisseshookupthepositiveimageoftheFrenchbourgeoisie(中产阶级).Inthe1970s,talentedmusicianswithtailoredcostumesandegoswereovershadowedbyabandofpunkrockerswhosangaboutthecruelrealitiesofordinarylifeinpoorurbanareas.Ipredictthatthiswillalsohappenwithbeautystandards.Theidealizedversionoflifeportrayedinfashionmagazineswillreachaturningpoint,aspeoplebecometiredofunattainableperfection.DuringmytimeinWashingtonD．C．inthe1990s,Ihadtheopportunitytointeractwithnumerouspoliticalcelebrities.WhilechattingwithformerpresidentsorbumpingintoTVpundits(名嘴)inelevators,IalsoassistedformerSecretaryofDefenseRobertMcNamara,whowasmyboss’sboss.Whatstruckmewashowplainthesepeopleappearedinreallifedespitetheirpubliccharacters.Likeeveryoneelse,theygrappledwithinsecuritiesandmoodswings,eventhoughtheywereconstantlyunderthespotlight.Yes,itwasgreattodropnamesonthephonetomyfriends.Myfather,ofcourse,couldn’tunderstandwhyIwouldeverwanttoleavethere.“Becauseyou’renotmeandI’mnotimpressed,”Itoldhim.Wedonotneedtoleadaluxuriouslifeormakegroundbreakingachievementstobecontent.Happinesscanbefoundinlivingouttheordinarymomentsofanauthenticlife.Mostofusendupbeingordinarypeoplewithoutdoinganythingthatchangestheworld,butthatdoesnotmeanourlivesaremeaningless.Infact,itispreciselythisrealizationthatleadstosustainablehappinessbecause,whenallissaidanddone,noone’slifestyleisessentiallybetterthananyother’s.1．Whatisparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．People’slifestylewaschangedbyFrenchbourgeoisie.B．Newformsofartandmusicstartedtofocusmoreonreality.C．Artistsandmusicianscalledonpeopletoleadasimpleandreallife.D．Ordinarypeople’sunderstandingofartandmusicwasalwaysinalowerclass.2．Whatdoestheauthor’sobservationaboutpoliticalcelebritiessuggest?A．Theyarejustlikeordinarypeople.B．Theylacktheabilitytoleadanormallife.C．Theyarenotassuccessfulastheyclaimtobe.D．TheyarenotasintelligentastheyappearonTV.3．Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinephraseinparagraph4?A．struggledwith. B．agreedwith. C．cameupwith. D．competedwith.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Noone’slifestyleisassameasothers’.B．Peopleshouldstriveforabetterlifestyle.C．Peopleshouldbecontentwiththeirownlifestyles.D．Peopleshouldcriticallyevaluateotherpeople’slifestyles.【答案】1．B2．A3．A4．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过供需法则引出生活方式和时尚趋势的变化，并以作者个人经历为例，说明人们无需追求奢华生活或巨大成就即可获得幸福，强调平凡生活的意义。1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Inthe19thcentury,theprimitivepaintingsofPicassoandMatisseshookupthepositiveimageoftheFrenchbourgeoisie(中产阶级).Inthe1970s,talentedmusicianswithtailoredcostumesandegoswereovershadowedbyabandofpunkrockerswhosangaboutthecruelrealitiesofordinarylifeinpoorurbanareas.(19世纪，毕加索和马蒂斯的原始绘画震撼了法国中产阶级的正面形象。20世纪70年代，一群朋克摇滚歌手唱着贫穷城市地区普通生活的残酷现实，使那些穿着定制服装、自我意识强烈的才华横溢的音乐家相形见绌)”可知，本段通过毕加索和马蒂斯的原始绘画以及朋克摇滚乐队的例子，主要说明了新的艺术和音乐形式开始更多地关注现实。故选B项。2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Whatstruckmewashowplainthesepeopleappearedinreallifedespitetheirpubliccharacters.Likeeveryoneelse,theygrappledwithinsecuritiesandmoodswings,eventhoughtheywereconstantlyunderthespotlight.(让我震惊的是，尽管这些人在公众面前有光鲜的形象，但他们在现实生活中却显得如此平凡。和其他人一样，他们也在与不安全感和情绪波动作斗争，尽管他们一直受到关注)”可知，作者观察到的政治名人尽管在公众面前有光鲜的形象，但在现实生活中却和普通人一样，有不安全感和情绪波动。由此推知，作者认为政治名人就像普通人一样。故选A项。3．词句猜测题。根据画线短语上文“Likeeveryoneelse(和其他人一样)”和下文“...insecuritiesandmoodswings(……不安全感和情绪波动)”可推知，政治名人和其他人一样，他们也会与不安全感和情绪波动作斗争。画线短语grappledwith意思是“与……作斗争”，和struggledwith意思相近。故选A项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mostofusendupbeingordinarypeoplewithoutdoinganythingthatchangestheworld,butthatdoesnotmeanourlivesaremeaningless.Infact,itispreciselythisrealizationthatleadstosustainablehappinessbecause,whenallissaidanddone,noone’slifestyleisessentiallybetterthananyother’s.(我们大多数人最终都是普通人，没有做什么改变世界的大事，但这并不意味着我们的生活就没有意义。事实上，正是这种认识带来了持久的幸福，因为归根结底，没有谁的生活方式本质上比其他人更好)”可知，作者认为我们大多数人都是普通人，没有做什么惊天动地的大事，但这并不意味着我们的生活就没有意义，没有谁的生活方式本质上比其他人更好。由此推知，作者想在最后一段暗示人们应该对自己的生活方式感到满足。故选C项。【八省期中汇编·阅读·议论文03】（24-25高三上·四川内江·阶段练习）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance:curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurgescountformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Nowsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.1．InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto.A．proposeadefinition B．makeacomparisonC．reachaconclusion D．presentanargument2．Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A．Observetheunknownaroundyou. B．Developaquestioningmind.C．Leadalifeofadventure. D．Followthefashion.3．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A．Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B．Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C．Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D．Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.4．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．CuriousMindsNeverFeelContented B．ReflectionsonHumanNatureC．TheKeystoAchievement D．NeverTooLatetoLearn【答案】1．D2．B3．C4．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance:curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.(经过多年对人性的观察，我认为成就卓越的人和平庸之人的区别在于两种品质：好奇心和不满足。我从未见过一个杰出的人缺乏这两种品质。我从未见过一个普通人同时拥有这两者。这两者是一体的。)”结合下文对好奇心和不满足这两个因素对成功的作用可知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”(像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”)”；以及第四段中的“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.(孟子认为“不失去孩子的心的人，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。)”可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满足。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据第六段“Nowsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.现在她是插花专家之一，正在写插花方面的书)”及第七段“Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.(你没有什么特殊能力吗？大多数人也没有；天才屈指可数。你没有时间吗？很好，因为总是那些没有时间的人把事情做好)”以及列举了ThomasCostain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，GrandmaMoses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.(经过多年对人性的观察，我认为有两个品质决定了成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别好奇心和不满足。据我所知，任何一个杰出的人都不缺乏这两点。我从来没见过一个普通人同时拥有这两种能力。它们俩是天生一对)”结合本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足可知，C项：TheKeystoAchievement“成就的关键”最符合文章标题。故选C【八省期中汇编·阅读·议论文04】（24-25高三上·云南·期中考试）Planetarychangeswhichwillhaveaninfluenceonmanyaredrawingnearbecauseofthepoorecologicalstateoftheplanet.Actuallychangehasalreadybegunthroughclimatechanges,butmosthumanshaven’tnoticedthisyet.Climatechangehasbeguntoinfluencetheworldalreadyandwillbegintoworsenwithinthenextfewyears.Astheplanetisunderbiggeological(地质的)stresses,whicharecontinuouslyincreasing,itwillinthefuturenolongerbeabletosupportitspopulation.Shortageofresources,over-farming,lackofcleanair,notenoughcleandrinkingwateranddroughtaresomeoftheissuesthatwillallplayamuchgreaterroleinthenearfuture.Humanshavecausedlargeecologicaldestruction.Thelifestylesofmanypeoplearechangingatafastspeed;however,thiswillfinallyresultinashortageofsomevaluableresources.Whenthisshortagebeginstohappen,peoplewillnolongerbeabletohavesustainable(可持续的)lifestyles.It’simportanttounderstandthateveryoneplaysaroleinthewholeprocessoflife.Eachperson’sdecisioncanfinallyaffectthefuture.Thesedecisions,allcombined,canhaveaverygoodeffectonwhatthefuturewillbelikeforhumans.Sothefuturedependsonthechoiceswemakeatthepresentmoment.Whilemoreandmorepeoplearebecomingawareofclimatechangeandotherenvironmentalproblemsrelatedtoglobalwarming,notallarefullyunderstandinghowfar-reachingitseffectswillbe.Unfortunately,mostofthehumansrealizethattheplanetisn’tfunctioningwell,buttheydon’tunderstandthatthisiscreatingamajorproblemforthefuturesurvivalofhumans.So,everypersonshouldmakethenecessarychangestoreducetheirinfluenceontheenvironmentandhelpcreateamoresustainablefuture1．Whatdoweknowaboutclimatechangefromthetext?A．Itisnotcasyforpeopletounderstand. B．Itisexpectedtobecomeworsesoon.C．Itismainlycausedbynaturaldisasters. D．Itiswellrealizedbymosthumans.2．Whatareparagraphs2and3mainlyabout?A．Resourceshumansarerunningoutof. B．Healthylifestyleshumansneedtolead.C．Problemshumanswillbefacedwith. D．Geologicalchangeshumanshavecaused.3．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tocallonpeopletocontributetoasustainablefuture.B．Toinformpeopletheplanetisn’tfunctioningproperly.C．Towarnpeopleofthedangerofecologicaldestruction.D．Totellpeopletherightwaytoobtainenoughresources.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheCausesofPlanetaryChanges B．TheInfluenceofEcologicalDestructionC．WaystoBuildaSustainableFuture D．EnvironmentalDamageandtheHumanFuture【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．D【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章分析了地球生态状况不佳，气候变化已经开始，同时人类也对地球的生态环境造成了严重的破坏。尽管越来越多的人意识到了这一点，但并非所有人都能理解这种情况将会严重影响人类未来的生存问题。因此，作者认为每个人都应该做出必要的改变，以减少他们对环境的影响，并帮助创造一个更可持续的未来。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Climatechangehasbeguntoinfluencetheworldalreadyandwillbegintoworsenwithinthenextfewyears.”（气候变化已经开始影响世界，并且将在未来几年内开始恶化。）可知，气候变化预计很快就会变得更糟。故选B。2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Astheplanetisunderbiggeological(地质的)stresses,whicharecontinuouslyincreasing,itwillinthefuturenolongerbeabletosupportitspopulation.Shortageofresources,over-farming,lackofcleanair,notenoughcleandrinkingwateranddroughtaresomeoftheissuesthatwillallplayamuchgreaterroleinthenearfuture.”（随着地球承受着不断增加的重大地质压力，它将不再能够养活其人口。资源短缺、过度耕作、缺乏清洁空气、清洁饮用水不足以及干旱等问题在未来都将扮演更加重要的角色。）第三段中“Humanshavecausedlargeecologicaldestruction.Thelifestylesofmanypeoplearechangingatafastspeed;however,thiswillfinallyresultinashortageofsomevaluableresources.”（人类造成了巨大的生态破坏。许多人的生活方式正在快速变化；然而，这最终将导致一些宝贵资源的短缺。）可知，该两段段主要描述了人类未来将会面对的问题。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So,everypersonshouldmakethenecessarychangestoreducetheirinfluenceontheenvironmentandhelpcreateamoresustainablefuture.”（因此，每个人都应该做出必要的改变，以减少他们对环境的影响，并帮助创造一个更可持续的未来。）和文章内容可知，作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁人们能够帮助创造一个可持续的未来。故选A。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Planetarychangeswhichwillhaveaninfluenceonmanyaredrawingnearbecauseofthepoorecologicalstateoftheplanet.”（由于地球的生态状况不佳，那些将对许多人产生影响的星球变化即将来临。）和第三段“Humanshavecausedlargeecologicaldestruction.”（人类造成了巨大的生态破坏。），以及最后一段“So,everypersonshouldmakethenecessarychangestoreducetheirinfluenceontheenvironmentandhelpcreateamoresustainablefuture.”（因此，每个人都应该做出必要的改变，以减少他们对环境的影响，并帮助创造一个更可持续的未来。）及全文内容可知，文章主要指出了人类对地球的生态环境造成了严重的破坏，从而引发从气候改变开始的星球变化，对人类的未来造成了很大的影响。由此可知，文章最好的标题是“环境破坏与人类的未来”。故选D。【八省期中汇编·阅读·议论文05】（24-25高二上·山西·期中考试）Happinessisn’tearned;it’snoticed.Youcanputalotofenergyintogettingtoapositionwherehappinessiseasiertonotice.Butifyouarenotexcitedaboutanachievement,youknowthathappinessisn’tautomatic(自动的).Instead,youneedtopracticenoticinghappinessaroundyou.It’sactuallyarathercommonemotion;wejustusuallyignoremostofthesourcesforitbecausetheyarenotimportant.Everyrockaroundyouhasastory,astructure,andatexture(纹理).Pickuparockandlookatituntilyoufindsomethingyoulike.Thendropit,catchanother,anddoitagain.Withjustalittlepractice,you’llbuildanentirelittlesysteminyourownheadforadmiringrocks,andprettysoonyoucangetalittlebitofhappinessjustlookingatarock.Thatincludeseverything.Flowers,trees,wind,clouds,cars,rain,ruraldiners,children’ssportsmatches,librarybathrooms,parkinglots,everything.Theworldhasanendlesssupplyofdetail,andthere’snogoodreasonnottolearntoenjoythat.Whenyoudothis,yougetthiskindofsuperpowerwhereyoucanfindsmalljoyinanysituation.Theonlyreasonwhymostofusdon’tlearntopracticethisskillisthatweweretoldit’sawasteoftimebypeoplewhoneverfigureditout.Withalotofpractice,itcanevenhelpyououtduringtimesofintensesadness,fearorpain.Whenyouexperienceanegative(消极的)emotion,it’saverypowerfulskilltobeabletosay“Wow,howinterestingthatapersoncanhurtlikethis!Whataworld!”Itdoesn’tmakethebadfeelingsgoaway,itdoesn’tfixwhateverproblemthatcausedthem,buteveninthedepthsofhopelessnessyoucanshinealittlelight.1．Whatdowelearnabouthappinessfromparagraph1?A．Itisdifficulttoget. B．Itliesineveryone’slife.C．Itrequiresdiscovering. D．Itisamixedemotion.2．What’stheauthor’spurposeinmentioningtherock?A．Totellthestoriesbehindit.B．Toconnectitwithmanyotherthings.C．Toprovethevalueofeveryrock.D．Toshowawaytonoticehappiness.3．Whydomanypeoplefailtonoticehappiness?A．Theyrunafterrealjoyinlife. B．Theywanttocovereverything.C．Theyaremisledbynegativepeople. D．Theypaytoomuchattentiontodetail.4．Howcanadmiringhappinessbenefitus?A．Itdrivesourbadfeelingsaway. B．Itbrightensusinapositivelight.C．Ithelpssolvedifficultproblemsinlife. D．Itkeepsourmindopentoeverything.【答案】1．C2．D3．C4．B【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文作者告诉我们：幸福是要靠我们自己去发现的，要主动去注意和发现它；并且我们要练习发现幸福的能力，这样我们才能从中受益。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Instead,youneedtopracticenoticinghappinessaroundyou.(相反，你需要练习注意你周围的幸福)”可知，幸福是需要被注意和被发现的。故选C。2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Everyrockaroundyouhasastory,astructure,andatexture(纹理).Pickuparockandlookatituntilyoufindsomethingyoulike.Thendropit,catchanother,anddoitagain.Withjustalittlepractice,you’llbuildanentirelittlesysteminyourownheadforadmiringrocks,andprettysoonyoucangetalittlebitofhappinessjustlookingatarock.(你周围的每一块岩石都有一个故事，一个结构和一个纹理。拿起一块石头，看着它，直到找到你喜欢的东西。然后放下它，抓住另一个，再做一次。只要稍加练习，你就会在自己的头脑中建立起一个欣赏石头的小系统，很快你就能在看着石头的时候获得一点点快乐)”可知，本段举例说明每一块石头都有亮点，要学会去发现每一块石头给你带来的幸福，目的就是引入文章的主题：我们要去主动发现生活里的小幸福。因此，作者举石头的例子目的是呈现一种发现幸福的方法。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theonlyreasonwhymostofusdon’tlearntopracticethisskillisthatweweretoldit’sawasteoftimebypeoplewhoneverfigureditout.(我们大多数人没有学会练习这项技能的唯一原因是，从来没有弄清楚这一点的人告诉我们这是浪费时间)”可知，大多数人没有去练习这种技能的唯一原因就是他们被其他人告知这是浪费时间。因此，他们是被一些消极的人所误导。故选C。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Withalotofpractice,itcanevenhelpyououtduringtimesofintensesadness,fearorpain.Whenyouexperienceanegative(消极的)emotion,it’saverypowerfulskilltobeabletosay“Wow,howinterestingthatapersoncanhurtlikethis!Whataworld!”Itdoesn’tmakethebadfeelingsgoaway,itdoesn’tfixwhateverproblemthatcausedthem,buteveninthedepthsofhopelessnessyoucanshinealittlelight.(通过大量的练习，它甚至可以帮助你在极度悲伤、恐惧或痛苦的时候走出困境。当你经历一种消极情绪时，能够说“哇，一个人会受到这样的伤害是多么有趣啊！多么美好的世界啊！”它不会让坏的感觉消失，它不会解决任何导致它们的问题，但即使在绝望的深处，你也可以发出一点光)”可知，练习发现幸福这项技能可以帮助你从困境及伤心等情绪中走出来。也就是可以帮助你积极面对消极的情绪，让你变得更阳光开朗。故选B。【八省期中汇编·阅读·议论文06】（2024·陕西榆林·一模）Superhumanartificialintelligenceisalreadyamongus.Well,sortof.WhenitcomestoplayinggameslikechessandGo,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingproteinstructures,computersarewellaheadofus.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren’tclosetomastering:mindreading.Humanshaveamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,avitalskillthatmeanswecanpredictotherpeople’sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.Readingmindscomessoeasilytous,though,thatweoftendon’tthinktospelloutwhatwewant.IfAIsaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife,wehavetogivethemthisgiftthatevolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople’sminds.Psychologistsrefertotheabilitytoinferother’smentalstateastheoryofmind.Inhumans,thisabilitystartstodevelopataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethecompetenceinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthemainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply“it’sraining”,theycanquicklyconcludethattheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeaboutrunning,weatherandhumanpreferences.Moreover,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoappearnaturallyfromone’sownlearningprocess.YetwemightstillwantAItohaveamorehuman-likeformoftheoryofmind.WhilelettingAIformthetheoryofmindintheirlearningprocessislikelytolead