专题25【汇编】新八省期中阅读理解说明文通关16篇（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）【含答案解析】

《2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练》专题25【汇编】新八省期中阅读理解说明文通关16篇（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）解析版（山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海）说明说明文满分作答解题妙招一、命题特点1.选材特点文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。2.语篇结构特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。两类文章，通常都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点，目的是帮助读者明白“为什么是这样”。事物说明文一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、作对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响；事物说明文通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。3.设题特点就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。4.命题热点科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：Whatdoyouknowfromthepassage?标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?其次，科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点、产品工艺原理以及最新科学技术进步，文中易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现词义猜测题，提问形式为：Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase…inparagraph…mean/referto?二、说明方法1.罗列法（listing）在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…andfinally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习：

Thereareseveralgoodreasonswhyweshouldlearnaforeignlanguage.Firstofall，

…Secondly，

…Andfinally，

…WeshouldtryourbesttoplantmoretreesforseveralgoodreasonsFirstofall，

…Secondly，

…Andfinally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first，

second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。2.举例法（examples）举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用forexample，

forinstance，

stillanotherexampleis…等词语引出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。3.比较法（comparisonandcontrast）比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法。在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，inthesamecase，inspiteofthedifference等这样的词语。however，ontheotherhand，incontrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。4.定义法（definition）定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是

被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语。比如Abatisasmallmouse-likeanimalthatfliesatnightandfeedson（以…为食品）fruitandinsectsbutisnotabird.5.顺序法（sequenceoftime，spaceandprocess）顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。6.分类法（classification）分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。Somebooksaretobetasted，

otherstobeswallowed，

andsomefewtobechewedanddigested,thatis,

somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts，

otherstoberead，

butnotcuriously，andsomefewtobereadwholly,

andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy,

andextractsmadeofthembyothers;

butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments,

andthemeanersortofbooks…二、解题策略1.利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式比较固定，梳理文本结构有助于把握文章主旨。学生在阅读时，可以首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。2.利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。如果句子成分复杂、有生词，学生不要退缩，抓住行文逻辑的标志词，分析句子结构，厘清主句和分句或非谓语动词之间的关系，蹭蹭剖析，就能明晰句意，进行合理判断。3.谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。因此，仔细辨析选项，对比选项间的差异，甄别选项与原文的异同，会对同学们选出正确答案大有帮助。三、说明文实用答题妙招1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。新八省期中新八省期中名校模拟试题【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文01】（24-25高三上·山西运城·期中）Guilt,ifleftunchecked,canproduceproblemsrangingfromthephysicaltothemental.However,despiteitsreputation,guilt—onceproperlycontrolledandused—canbemorepositivethannegative.“We’veonlyrecentlycometounderstandthatguiltcanbeconstructive,”saysWillBynum,aprofessorattheDukeUniversity.“Wenowhaveanewconceptofguiltasapotentialsourceforgrowth.Itcanpointustowardactionswecantaketoimproveourlives.”Guiltis“aself-consciousemotioncharacterizedbyapainfuljudgmentofhavingdoneorthoughtsomethingthatiswrong.”It’safeelingofcould’ve,should’ve,would’vethat’softentermeda“self-aware”emotion.It’sanunpleasantemotioninourguts(直觉),avoicewhisperingwarningsinourheads—it’sthereminderthatwehaveaguiltyfeeling.Ina2021study,researchersinterviewedCanadianadultsandthenshowedthemvideosrelatedtotheirinterviewresponsesanddesignedtocauseguilt.Forexample,aparticipantwouldseeasentence“YoudonatelessthantheaverageCanadian”,beforetheywatchedavideoaboutstarvingchildreninneedofdonations.Researchersfoundthatguiltaffectedtheautonomicnervoussystem,raisingelectricalactivityintheskin,upsettinggastricrhythmsinthestomachandloweringswallowingrates.Guiltaffectsusforgoodorforilldependingonhowweexperienceandmanageit.Thetricktoreplacingregretwithreliefistolearnhowtodistinguishbetweenthehealthyguiltthatcanhelpyouandtheunhealthykind.Healthyguiltisrealisticandjustified,aself-correctionthatpromotespersonaldevelopment,whereasunhealthyguiltistwistedandworsens,eatingintoourself-respectandpreventingusfromgrowingasmuchasweshould.“Thinkingaheadaboutguiltworksevenbetterthanlateracknowledgingit,”Baumeistersays.“Ifyougetahintthatyou’reabouttodowrongtosomeoneandwillfeelguiltyaboutitafterwards,juststopyourself.Thesooneryouseetheguiltcoming,thebetterpreparedyou’llbetopreventit.”1.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thedefinitionofguilt. B.Theimpactofguilt.C.Thecauseofguilt. D.Thefeatureofguilt.2.Whyaretheparticipantsshowntheunderlinedsentence?A.Tomakethemdonatemoremoney. B.Togetthemtofeelguilty.C.Toenhancetheirsenseofresponsibility. D.Tohelpthemunderstandthechildren.3.Whatdoestheauthorwanttohighlightinparagraph6?A.Howtomanageillguilt. B.Howpromotepersonaldevelopment.C.Howtoplaytricksonguilt. D.Howtomakeguiltaffectusforgood.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestinterpretBaumeister’swords?A.Experienceteaches. B.Preventionisbetterthancure.C.Takethingsastheycome. D.Intimeofpeaceprepareforwar.【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.B【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是内疚及如何更好地管理我们的“内疚”。1.主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Guiltis“aself-consciousemotioncharacterizedbyapainfuljudgmentofhavingdoneorthoughtsomethingthatiswrong.”It’safeelingofcould’ve,should’ve,would’vethat’softentermeda“self-aware”emotion.It’sanunpleasantemotioninourguts(直觉),avoicewhisperingwarningsinourheads—it’sthereminderthatwehaveaguiltyfeeling.(内疚是“一种自觉的情绪，其特征是对自己做错或想错的事情做出痛苦的判断。”这是一种本可以、本应该、本会的感觉，通常被称为“自我意识”情绪。它是我们内心的一种不愉快的情绪，是在我们脑海中低声警告我们的声音——它提醒我们有一种负罪感)”可知，文章第三段主要讲述了什么是“内疚”，即内疚的定义。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Ina2021study,researchersinterviewedCanadianadultsandthenshowedthemvideosrelatedtotheirinterviewresponsesanddesignedtocauseguilt.Forexample,aparticipantwouldseeasentence“YoudonatelessthantheaverageCanadian”,beforetheywatchedavideoaboutstarvingchildreninneedofdonations.(在2021年的一项研究中，研究人员采访了加拿大成年人，然后向他们展示了与他们的采访反应相关的视频，旨在引起内疚。例如，参与者在观看一段关于饥饿儿童需要捐赠的视频之前，会看到一句话“你的捐赠比一般加拿大人少”)”可知，参与者被展示这句话是为了引出他们的内疚。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Guiltaffectsusforgoodorforilldependingonhowweexperienceandmanageit.Thetricktoreplacingregretwithreliefistolearnhowtodistinguishbetweenthehealthyguiltthatcanhelpyouandtheunhealthykind.Healthyguiltisrealisticandjustified,aself-correctionthatpromotespersonaldevelopment,whereasunhealthyguiltistwistedandworsens,eatingintoourself-respectandpreventingusfromgrowingasmuchasweshould.(内疚对我们的影响是好是坏，取决于我们如何经历和处理它。用宽慰代替后悔的诀窍是学会如何区分有益健康的内疚和不健康的内疚。健康的内疚是现实的和合理的，是一种促进个人发展的自我纠正，而不健康的内疚是扭曲和恶化的，侵蚀我们的自尊，阻止我们尽可能地成长)”可知，在第六段作者想要强调如何让内疚更好地影响我们。故选D。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Thinkingaheadaboutguiltworksevenbetterthanlateracknowledgingit,”Baumeistersays.“Ifyougetahintthatyou’reabouttodowrongtosomeoneandwillfeelguiltyaboutitafterwards,juststopyourself.Thesooneryouseetheguiltcoming,thebetterpreparedyou’llbetopreventit.”(鲍迈斯特说：“提前考虑内疚比事后承认更有效。如果你得到一个暗示，你将要对某人做错事，之后会感到内疚，停止自己。你越早意识到内疚的到来，就越能做好预防的准备。”)”可推知，鲍迈斯特认为要提前考虑内疚的可能性，而不是事后再承认它，B选项“预防胜于治疗”符合观点。故选B。【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文02】（24-25高三上·山西运城·期中）Aboutone-thirdofadultsgloballysufferfromloneliness,whichcancauseproblemslikedepressionandanxiety.AnewgenerationofAIappscalledAIcompanionsisdesignedtosimulate(模拟)naturalconversationsandkeeppeoplecompany.AIassistantslikeChatGPTcandothosethingstosomeextent,butAIcompanionsaredesignedtorespondinasympathetic,realisticwaywhenyoushareyourproblems.Mostoftheseprogramsarestillatarelativelyearlystage,andarejustbuildinganaudience.ButdoAIcompanionsreallywork?Ourstudiesshowthatthebestoftheseappsreallydowork.Westartedbyanalyzing50,000appreviewsoffivepopularAIcompanions,lookingforhowoftenthereviewsmentionedloneliness,aswellastheirratingsfortheapps.WethenlookedatreviewsforChatGPTtomakeacomparison.Ourfindingsshowthatonly4%ofChatGPTreviewsmentionedloneliness.Butthecompanionappsturnedinamuchbettershowing,ashighas20%.Themorementions,themorepeoplemightusetheappstohelpwithloneliness.Theyalsoreceivedhigherratings.Theimplicationisclear:AIcompanionscanhelppeopletoreduceloneliness.Wethendividedabout1,100onlineparticipantsintotwogroups.OnegroupinteracteddailywithanAIcompanion;theotherdidn’t.ThosewhousedtheAIcompanionreported14%pointslesslonelinessonaverage.TheysaidtheyfeltheardandtheAIcompanionofferedemotionalresponsesduringtheirtalks.ThereisstillthequestionofwhetherAIcompanionswillbegoodforsociety.Somepeoplefear,reasonably,thatcompanionswillturnpeopleintoshut-inswhoavoidhumancontact.Butanydebateaboutthelong-termimpactofcompanionsshouldaccountfortheirpotentialforreducingloneliness.Becausewearen’tdoingwellasasocietyonloneliness,weshouldatleastkeepanopenmindonanytoolthathelpsatall.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinparagraph1mean?A.Attractingcustomers. B.Selectingassistants.C.Employingprogrammers. D.Seekingsponsors.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthenewAIcompanionapps?A.Theymayidentifyhealthproblems. B.TheyfunctionaswellasAIassistants.C.Theycanprovideemotionalsupport. D.Theyhavebeencompletelyaccepted.3.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthefirstpartofthestudy?A.Bydoingonlinesurveys. B.Byconductingexperiments.C.Byinterviewingparticipants. D.Byanalyzingdata.4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Societyshouldpaymoreattentiontoloneliness.B.PeoplemaywithdrawafterusingAIcompanions.C.AIcompanionsareworthtryingthoughnotperfect.D.AdebateontheeffectofAIcompanionsisnecessary.【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文你。文章主要介绍了AI伴侣应用程序的设计目的、功能、初步研究结果以及社会对AI伴侣的接受度和潜在担忧。1.词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Mostoftheseprogramsarestillatarelativelyearlystage,andarejustbuildinganaudience.(这些程序中的大多数仍处于相对早期的阶段，正在建立用户群。)”可知，“buildinganaudience”指的是吸引或建立用户基础。根据常识和语境，一个产品或服务在初期阶段的主要目标是吸引顾客或用户，以建立其市场地位。因此，划线短语“buildinganaudience”的意思是“吸引顾客”。选项A“Attractingcustomers.(吸引顾客)”，符合语境。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Wethendividedabout1,100onlineparticipantsintotwogroups.OnegroupinteracteddailywithanAIcompanion;theotherdidn’t.ThosewhousedtheAIcompanionreported14%pointslesslonelinessonaverage.TheysaidtheyfeltheardandtheAIcompanionofferedemotionalresponsesduringtheirtalks.(然后，我们将约1,100名在线参与者分为两组。一组每天与AI伴侣互动；另一组则没有。那些使用AI伴侣的人平均报告的孤独感减少了14个百分点。他们说，自己感到被倾听，并且在交谈中AI伴侣给出了情感上的回应。)”可知，AI伴侣能够提供情感支持。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ourstudiesshowthatthebestoftheseappsreallydowork.Westartedbyanalyzing50,000appreviewsoffivepopularAIcompanions,lookingforhowoftenthereviewsmentionedloneliness,aswellastheirratingsfortheapps.WethenlookedatreviewsforChatGPTtomakeacomparison.(我们的研究表明，这些应用程序中最好的确实有效。我们首先从五个流行的AI伴侣应用的50,000条用户评论入手进行分析，查找评论中提到孤独症的频率，以及他们对这些应用的评分。然后，我们查看了ChatGPT的评论以进行比较。)”可知，研究人员是通过分析数据来进行研究的第一部分的。故选D。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ThereisstillthequestionofwhetherAIcompanionswillbegoodforsociety.Somepeoplefear,reasonably,thatcompanionswillturnpeopleintoshut-inswhoavoidhumancontact.Butanydebateaboutthelong-termimpactofcompanionsshouldaccountfortheirpotentialforreducingloneliness.Becausewearen’tdoingwellasasocietyonloneliness,weshouldatleastkeepanopenmindonanytoolthathelpsatall.(关于AI伴侣对社会是否有益的问题仍然存在。一些人合理地担心，AI伴侣会让人们变成足不出户、避免与人接触的人。但是，关于AI伴侣长期影响的任何辩论都应考虑到它们减少孤独的潜力。因为我们在解决社会孤独问题上做得并不好，所以我们至少应该对任何有助于缓解孤独的工具持开放态度。)”可知，AI伴侣虽然不太完美，但是它们可以帮助许多感到孤独的人，值得尝试。故选C。【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文03】（24-25高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）Alotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸钠)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn’tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.AteamofChinesescientistsaimedtodealwiththisenvironmentalconcernbydevelopinganeco-consciousalternative.InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvances,ateamattheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofProcessEngineeringdescribehowtheyengineeredbiodegradableglassmadefromaminoacids(氨基酸).Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.Inatest,glassbeadsmadeoutofaminoacidswereplacedundertheskinofmice,andthebreakdownofthebeadsandtheskinhealingprocesswereobservedfor30days.Adiagramfromthestudyshowshowthemice’sbodiesbrokedownthebeads.Inthatmonth,theglassimplantdegradedbeneaththeskin,thewoundsitehealed,andfurgrewback.“Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypain-relatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss,”theresearcherswroteintheirpaper.Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.Inordertoovercomethis,theresearcherschemicallymodifiedtheaminoacidsusingtheheating-coolingprocedureappliedinglassmanufacturing.Thisiswhenmaterialsfortheglassareheatedtobecomesoftandthenrapidlycooledsoastomaketheglasstougher.“It’simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlarge-scalecommercialization,”emphasizedYanXuehai,aprofessorinvolvedinthestudy,inapressrelease.1.Whatisanadvantageofthenewglass?A.Itcanberecycledatalowcost. B.Itisproducedwithoutpollution.C.Ittakeslesstimetobreakdown. D.Ithasawiderangeofapplications.2.Whydidresearchersimplantglassbeadsinsidemice?A.Toinvestigatewhyaminoacidsaremedicallyuseful.B.Toassesswhethertheglassisbiologicallyharmless.C.Toexplorehowlongittakesfortheglasstodegrade.D.Toobserveiftheglasscanbemelteddowninmice’sstomachs.3.Whatmakesaminoacidsnotaslong-lastingastraditionalglass?A.Theinstabilityofaminoacids.B.Thedifficultyofbreakingdown.C.Thefailureoftheglassimplantation.D.Thechallengeofimprovingtheheating-coolingprocedure.4.WhatistheattitudeofYanXuehaitowardsthenewglass’slaunchonthemarket?A.Optimistic. B.Critical.C.Indifferent. D.Uncertain.【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Alotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸钠)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn’tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.(今天，许多由沙子和碳酸钠制成的人造玻璃可以重复使用或熔化并回收成新的物品，但它不会在环境中分解，并将在垃圾填埋场中存放数千年)”和第二段中“Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.(这种玻璃对环境的影响较小，可以在几周或几个月内分解)”可知，新型玻璃的优点是它需要更少的时间来分解。故选C项。2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypain-relatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss(在整个实验期间，没有小鼠表现出任何可能由玻璃植入引起的疼痛相关行为，也没有小鼠出现明显的体重减轻)”可知，研究人员要在老鼠体内植入玻璃珠是为了评估玻璃在生物学上是否无害。故选B项。3.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.(尽管氨基酸在环境中会随着时间的推移而降解，但这种可生物降解的玻璃不如传统玻璃耐用，因为氨基酸在高温下会迅速分解。)”可知，这种氨基酸玻璃确实可以随着时间的推移而降解，但是它却不如传统的玻璃那样经久耐用，因为氨基酸在加热下会迅速分解。由此可推知，氨基酸的不稳定性让氨基酸不像传统玻璃那样持久。故选A项。4.推理判断题。由最后一段中YanXuehai说的话“It’simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlarge-scalecommercialization(需要指出的是，这种可生物降解的玻璃目前正处于实验室阶段，远未大规模商业化)”可知，这种可降解玻璃目前仍在实验室阶段，还远远不能大规模商业化生产，所以YanXuehai态度是不确定的。故选D项。【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文04】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）AnewstudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvancesfindsthatAIenhancescreativitybyboostingthenoveltyofstoryideasaswellasthe“usefulness”ofstories-theirabilitytoengagethetargetaudienceandpotentialforpublication.ItfindsthatAI“professionalizes”stories,makingthemmoreenjoyable,morelikelytohaveplottwists,betterwrittenandlessboring.Theresearchersassignedthe300studyparticipantstothreegroups:onegroupwasallowednoAIhelp,asecondgroupcoulduseChatGPTtoprovideasinglethree-sentencestartingidea,andwritersinthethirdgroupcouldchoosefromuptofiveAI-generatedideasfortheirinspiration.Theythenorganized600peopletojudgehowgoodthestorieswere,assessingthemfornovelty-whetherthestoriesdidsomethingneworunexpected-and“usefulness”-howappropriatetheywereforthetargetaudience,andwhethertheideascouldbedevelopedandpotentiallypublished.TheyfoundthatwriterswiththemostaccesstoAIexperiencedthegreatestgainstotheircreativity,theirstoriesscoring9%higherfornoveltycomparedwithstorieswrittenwithoutAI.WriterswhouseduptofiveAI-generatedideasalsoscoredhigherforemotionalcharacteristics,producingstoriesthatwerebetterwritten,moreenjoyable,lessboringandfunnier.Theresearchersevaluatedthewriters’creativityusingaDivergentAssociationTask(DAT)andfoundthatmorecreativewriters-thosewiththehighestDATscores-benefitedleastfromgenerativeAIideas.Conversely,lesscreativewriterssawagreaterincreaseincreativity.Theresearchersalsocalculatedhowsimilarthestoriesweretoeachother.Theyfounda10.7%increaseinsimilaritybetweenwriterswhosestoriesusedonegenerativeAI-idea,comparedwiththegroupthatdidn’tuseAI.AnilDoshi,AssistantProfessorattheUCLSchoolofManagementsaid,“Whiletheseresultspointtoanincreaseinindividualcreativity,thereisariskoflosingcollectivenovelty.IfthepublishingindustryweretoembracemoregenerativeAI-inspiredstories,ourfindingssuggestthatthestorieswouldbecomelessuniqueandmoresimilartoeachother.”1.WhichaspectoftheAI-assistedstorieswereassessedinthestudy?A.Universalityandavailability. B.Originalityandpracticality.C.Creativityandspecialization. D.Similarityandintegrity.2.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“Conversely”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Sureenough. B.Inconclusion. C.Onthecontrary. D.Asaresult.3.WhatisAnilDoshi’sattitudetowardsAI-inspiredstories?A.Objective. B.Indifferent. C.Favorable. D.Ambiguous.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.AIIsBeingUsedtoCreateNovelStoriesB.AIIsBecomingaThreattoHumanWritersC.AICanHelptoImprovePeople’sWritingSkillsD.AICanBoosttheCreativityofStoriesbutPaysaPrice【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现利用人工智能写作可以提高故事创意的新颖性和故事的“有用性”，但是人工智能辅助的故事被发现包含更多的相似之处，缺乏多样性。1.细节理解题。根据第三段“Theythenorganized600peopletojudgehowgoodthestorieswere,assessingthemfornovelty-whetherthestoriesdidsomethingneworunexpected-and“usefulness”-howappropriatetheywereforthetargetaudience,andwhethertheideascouldbedevelopedandpotentiallypublished.(然后，他们组织了600人来判断这些故事有多好，评估它们的新颖性——这些故事是否做了新的或意想不到的事情——以及“有用性”——它们对目标受众有多合适，以及这些想法是否可以发展和发表)”可知，评估的是故事的原创性和实用性。故选B。2.词句猜测题。根据第五段“Theresearchersevaluatedthewriters’creativityusingaDivergentAssociationTask(DAT)andfoundthatmorecreativewriters-thosewiththehighestDATscores-benefitedleastfromgenerativeAIideas.(研究人员用发散联想任务（DAT）来评估作家的创造力，发现那些更有创造力的作家——那些DAT得分最高的人——从生成式人工智能想法中受益最少。)”和划线词下文“lesscreativewriterssawagreaterincreaseincreativity.(创造力较低的作家的创造力则增加得更多。)”可知，两者是对比关系，因此“Conversely”意为“相反地”。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据末段AnilDoshi的话“AnilDoshi,AssistantProfessorattheUCLSchoolofManagementsaid,“Whiletheseresultspointtoanincreaseinindividualcreativity,thereisariskoflosingcollectivenovelty.IfthepublishingindustryweretoembracemoregenerativeAI-inspiredstories,ourfindingssuggestthatthestorieswouldbecomelessuniqueandmoresimilartoeachother.”(伦敦大学学院管理学院的助理教授阿尼尔·多西说：“虽然这些结果表明个人创造力有所提高，但集体创造力也有丧失的风险。如果出版业接受更多基于人工智能的衍生故事，我们的研究结果表明，这些故事将变得不那么独特，而是更加相似。)”可知，AnilDoshi既提到了人工智能辅助生成故事的优点：个人创造力有所提高，也提到了缺点：集体创造力存在丧失的风险，因此他的评价是客观的。故选A项。4.主旨大意题。根据全文内容及根据末段AnilDoshi的话“AnilDoshi,AssistantProfessorattheUCLSchoolofManagementsaid,“Whiletheseresultspointtoanincreaseinindividualcreativity,thereisariskoflosingcollectivenovelty.IfthepublishingindustryweretoembracemoregenerativeAI-inspiredstories,ourfindingssuggestthatthestorieswouldbecomelessuniqueandmoresimilartoeachother.”(伦敦大学学院管理学院的助理教授阿尼尔·多西说：“虽然这些结果表明个人创造力有所提高，但集体创造力也有丧失的风险。如果出版业接受更多基于人工智能的衍生故事，我们的研究结果表明，这些故事将变得不那么独特，而是更加相似。)”可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能可以提高故事创意的新颖性，但同时也会使AI协助的写作产生相似性，故判断D选项“人工智能可以提高故事的创造力，但也要付出代价。”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文05】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）It’seasytothinkofsportsasanescapefromreality,removingtheproblemsofourworld.ResearcherMadeleineOrrillustratesthatwrongbeliefinherbookWarmingUp:HowClimateChangeIsChangingSport.Inherbook,Orrleadsreaderstolearnaboutallthewaysclimatechangeisaffectingsportsaroundtheworld,providingaconvincingcaseforactionfromathletes,sportsleaguesandfansalike.Orr,asportsecologistattheUniversityofToronto,drawsonheracademicknowledgetooutlinehowclimatechangeisaffectingsports.WhileOrrsupportsherargumentwithdataandinterviewswithexperts,it’sthepersonalstoriesthataremostpowerful.There’stheheartbreakingstoryofafootballplayerJordanMcNair,whodiedofheatstrokeatpractice.It’srefreshingtoseeOrrtalkabouthowclimatechangeisdisproportionatelyimpactingnationsthatareleastresponsibleforglobalgreenhousegasemissions,apointthatcangetlostinWesternreportingonthetopic.HightemperaturesarethreateningKenyanrunners.Risingseasareeroding(侵蚀)afamousrugbybeachinFiji.A2022flooddestroyedPakistan’ssportsleagues—alongwithmuchofthecountry.Butagainstthebackgroundofclimatechange’supsettingreality,Orrkeepshopealiveinthelastsixchapters.Thesportsworldcanadapttoclimatechangetoensurethatsportssurvive.Shespotlightsthepastandpresentactivismofathleteswhoarefightingforsustainability.OneupliftingexampleisInnesFitzGerald,whorefusedtoflyfromBritaintoAustraliaforthe2023WorldAthleticsChampionshipsoutofconcernforairtravel’scarbonemissions.Orr’swritingisauthoritativeandconversational,andwhileshesometimesslipsintoacademicterms,herlanguageislargelyaccessibleeventoreaderswithnoscientificbackground.Thebookisjam-packedwithinformationandhassomethingforsportsfansalike.Inthefightagainstclimatechange,WarmingUpshowsusthatit’stimeforthesportsworldtoplayball.1.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinOrr’sbook?A.Theclimateproblemsfacingtheworld. B.Theeffectofclimatechangeonsports.C.Thesportsworld’sactiontochangetheclimate. D.Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheclimatechange.2.WhatmakeOrr’sopinionmorepersuasive?A.Experts’talks. B.Individualstories.C.Sciencereports. D.Collectedfigures.3.WhywereKenyanrunnersmentioned?A.Topointoutthepotentialfutureofrugby.B.ToprovetheunfairnessofWesternreports.C.Toshowsomeinnocentvictimsofclimatechange.D.Toexplainthelinkbetweengreenhousegasesandclimate.4.WhatisthefeatureofOrr’sbook?A.Itisinfluentialandtouching. B.Itistheoreticalandprofessional.C.Itisinformativeandeasytounderstand. D.Itisreliableandfullofacademicterms.【答案】1.B2.B3.C4.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了体育生态学家MadeleineOrr在她的书中的一些观点以及对该书的评价。1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Inherbook,Orrleadsreaderstolearnaboutallthewaysclimatechangeisaffectingsportsaroundtheworld,providingaconvincingcaseforactionfromathletes,sportsleaguesandfansalike.(在她的书中，Orr带领读者了解气候变化影响世界各地体育运动的所有方式，为运动员、体育联盟和球迷等采取行动提供了令人信服的理由)”可知，这本书主要讨论了气候变化对体育运动的影响。故选B项。2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“WhileOrrsupportsherargumentwithdataandinterviewswithexperts,it’sthepersonalstoriesthataremostpowerful.(虽然Orr用数据和对专家的采访来支持她的观点，但个人故事才是最有力的)”可知，个人故事使Orr的观点更有说服力。故选B项。3.推理判断题。根据第三段中“It’srefreshingtoseeOrrtalkabouthowclimatechangeisdisproportionatelyimpactingnationsthatareleastresponsibleforglobalgreenhousegasemissions,apointthatcangetlostinWesternreportingonthetopic.HightemperaturesarethreateningKenyanrunners.(看到Orr谈到气候变化对全球温室气体排放最不需负责的国家的影响不成比例，令人耳目一新，这一点在西方的报道中可能会被忽略。高温威胁着肯尼亚选手)”可知，此处先提到有些国家没有造成全球温室效应，却受到严重影响，再举出肯尼亚选手受到高温威胁的例子。由此可知，肯尼亚属于那些无辜的国家，这些跑步者被提及是为了说明气候变化的无辜受害者。故选C项。4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Orr’swritingisauthoritativeandconversational,andwhileshesometimesslipsintoacademicterms,herlanguageislargelyaccessibleeventoreaderswithnoscientificbackground.Thebookisjam-packedwithinformationandhassomethingforsportsfansalike.(Orr的作品是权威的、对话式的，虽然她有时会使用学术术语，但即使没有科学背景的读者也能很好地理解她的语言。这本书信息丰富，适合体育迷)”可知，她的书信息丰富而又浅显易懂。故选C项。【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文06】（24-25高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）Wrappingpaper—thatthingthatmakesourholidaygiftslooksofestive—hasalandfillproblem.Ifit’sshiny,metallic,orglitter-encrusted(闪闪发光的),it’snotrecyclable.Andevenrecycledpaperisn’tguaranteedtoactuallygetrecycled.Butthere’sanalternative,eco-friendlieroptionthatsomeareturningtothisholidayseason:theJapaneseartofwrappingpackagesincloth,knownasfuroshiki.Furoshikireferstoboththesquareclothitselfandthewrappingtechnique.Thepracticedatesbackhundredsofyears,whenpeoplestartedusingclothbundlestocarryitemstoandfrompublicbaths.Eventually,itevolvedintoawrappingartform.Peopledon’tjustwrappresentswiththecloth,butanendles