中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题二+动词第1讲动词和动词短语

第二部分专题二动词第1讲动词和动词短语思维导图串考点核心考点精讲练基本形式变化规则示例动词原形词典中一般给出的形式do，learn，run，play第三人称单数形式一般在动词后直接加­srun→runs，think→thinks以ch，sh，s，o，x结尾的动词后加­esteach→teaches，wash→washes，go→goes，pass→passes，mix→mixes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成i，再加­esstudy→studies，carry→carries

不规则变化be→is，have→has基本形式变化规则示例动词的­ing形式一般在动词后直接加­ingread→reading，cook→cooking以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加­inglive→living，write→writing以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加­ingsit→sitting，begin→beginning少数几个以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y，再加­ing(初中共3个)die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying基本形式变化规则示例过去式和过去分词(规则变化)一般在动词后直接加­edwork→worked，play→played以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-dinvite→invited，promise→promised以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-edstop→stopped，plan→planned以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-edcarry→carried，study→studied注意：动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见《教材词汇攻关》“不规则动词表”1．实义动词

[其他市、州：方框选词：2024.34]

动词根据其后能否接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如下表：命题点1动词的分类及词义辨析[其他市、州：方框选词：2024.34完类别含义示例例句及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。love，need，ask，want，have，playJaneusuallyplaysthepianoonSat-urday.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整，无须接宾语。happen，come，run，workNobodyknowswhatwillhap-pen

next.

形填空：每年4道；翻译句子：2024.69；语法填空：2023.82]2.助动词

助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等。助动词句法功能例句be动词(am，is，are)/(was，were)构成现在进行时Jimmyisplayingbasketballwithhisfriends.构成过去进行时LiMingwassleepingwhenhisfathercameback.构成被动语态Parkingisnotallowedhere.助动词句法功能例句do/does/did构成疑问句、否定句Doyoulikethebookyourmotherboughtforyou？用于倒装句Seldomdoeshecomelate.构成否定祈使句Don'tmakeanynoiseinthelibrary.代替主要动词Idon'tlikeeatingnoodles，butmybrotherdoes.have/has/had构成完成时Tomhasplayedsoccerontheplaygroundforalongtime.will/shall/would构成将来时Therewillbemorehelpfulrobotsinthefuture.3.系动词

[其他市、州：语法填空：2023.82]

系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的身份、性质、状态。具体分类如下：类别示例例句表示状态的系动词beMyfatherisateacher.表示持续的系动词keep，remain，lie，stayMygrandparentstakeexerciseeverymorningtokeephealthy.类别示例例句感官系动词look，sound，feel，smell，tasteThenewclothfeelssmoothandsoft.表示状态变化的系动词become，get，turn，go，growInspring，treesbegintoturngreen.4.情态动词

[其他市、州：翻译句子：2024.69]

词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，后接动词原形一起构成谓语，大多无人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有：can/could，may/might，will/would，must，need，haveto，should等。[详见本专题P87第2讲

情态动词]5．实义动词词义辨析[其他市、州：完形填空：每年4考

]

实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。

解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要确定每个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系，确定答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的词义及用法。Passage1[2024四川雅安改编]AyoungmanfromXi'andidn'tpasstheGraduateSchoolEntranceExamination(研究生入学考试)afewdaysago.Hewassadandcouldn'thelp1hisfatherwhodiedtwoyearsago.Sohesentatextmessagetothephonenumberthathisfather2whenhewasalive.Theyoungman3hisfatherhissadnessandhowmuchhemissedhim.Tohissurprise，he4anunexpectedtextmessagefromthephonenumber.Hewas5tofacedifficultiesinlifebravely.针对训练(

)1.A.leaving B．missing C．protecting(

)2.A.used B．offered C．sent(

)3.A.gave B．asked C．told(

)4.A.reachedB．received C．achieved(

)5.A.allowedB．warned C．encouragedBACBCThephonenumberbelongstoMr.Gaonow—akindman.Atfirst，he6itwasatextmessagesentbymistake.After7itcarefully，hethoughtthemanwhohadsentthetextmessagemusthavehadsomedifficultiesandneededtobeencouraged.Hedecidedto8thetextmessageafterthinkingtwice.Hetoldtheyoungmantheliferoadwassometimesdifficultbuthewouldgetbetterandbetterifhekepttrying.(

)6.A.promisedB．found C．thought(

)7.A.reading B．replying C．writing(

)8.A.stop B．reply C．forgetCABTheyoungmanwasmovedand9thankstoMr.Gao.Manypeoplewere10bythestory，too.Trytogivethepeopleinneedahand.Evenasmallhelpcanmakeagreatdifferencetotheirlives.(

)

9.A.

noticedB．shared C．showed(

)10.A.moved B．cheated C．taughtCAPassage2Itwashardtobelieve，butitwastrue—aconcertbyKingsofLeonwouldbeheldinourtown!WhenIsawtheposter，Iphonedallmyfriendsto11themtheexcitingnews.Atfirsttheydidn't12me，butthentheyallgotreallyhappy!(

)11.A.show B．teachC．tell(

)12.A.thank B．believeC．doubtBCWeallreally13togototheconcert.Itwasourfavouritebandandweheardthatwecould14ticketsonline.TheticketsweretooexpensiveandIdidn'thaveenoughmoney.Butmydad15mesomemoneyasanearlybirthdaypresentandwefinallyboughtfourticketsnearthestage.(

)13.A.refused B．wantedC．planned(

)14.A.collect B．makeC．buy(

)15.A.gave B．askedC．soldBCAWewereallveryexcited.Fortwoweekswehadn'ttalkedaboutanythingelse—justtheconcert.Andthenfinally，thebigday16.Myfriendscametomyhouseandweallgotready.Thenwetookabustotheconcert.(

)16.A.turned B．came C．ledBWehadagreattimeattheconcert.Theband17reallywellandtheyperformedforthreehours!MyfriendsandIsang，too，becausewe18thelyrics(歌词)ofeverysong!Unluckily，theydidn't19myfavouritesong.Whatapityitwas!(

)17.A.workedB．laughed C．played(

)18.A.copied B．remembered C．shared(

)19.A.listen B．sing C．writeCBBAftertheshow，weallwenttoafastfoodstore.We20hamburgersandtalkedabouttheshow.Alliesaiditwasthebestconcerteverandwethoughtthesame!(

)20.A.ate B．prepared C．cookedA►考向1同一介词/副词型◆about短语bringabout引起

careabout关心

hearabout听说know/learnabout了解

talkabout谈论thinkabout考虑

worryabout担心◆at短语arriveat到达

knockat敲……

laughat嘲笑

pointat指向

shoutat对……大喊

throwat朝……扔命题点2动词短语[其他市、州：翻译句子：2023.69]◆away短语blowaway吹走

dieaway逐渐消失passaway去世

runaway逃跑takeaway带走

throwaway扔掉walkaway走开◆back短语bringback使回想起来；恢复comeback返回；复苏

lookbackat回顾putback放回原处；推迟；妨碍

talkback顶嘴◆down短语breakdown使破碎；分解calmdown冷静下来cutdown砍倒；削减

getdown下车；使沮丧godown下降；日落

lookdown俯视；蔑视sitdown坐下

slowdown减速writedown写下；记下◆for短语askfor请求carefor照料；关心leavefor起程去payfor付费；付出代价

searchfor搜寻standfor代表

waitfor等待◆from短语hearfrom收到……的来信learnfrom向……学习，从……中吸取教训stayawayfrom与……保持距离◆off短语breakoff突然停止burnoff烧掉cutoff切断falloff跌落

payoff偿清(欠款等)seeoff送别

setoff出发

showoff炫耀◆on短语carryon继续

dependon依赖，依靠holdon紧握住；等待；坚持；等一等liveon以……为生

moveon向前passon传递；传承

workon从事◆out短语actout表演出来；付诸行动blowout吹灭

breakout爆发bringout使显现

findout发现

getout泄露；逃脱goout外出

handout分发

runout用完，耗尽takeout取出；扣除

tryout试验

turnout倒出；关掉；结果是

workout计算出；解决◆up短语bringup抚养成人；提及；呕吐

cleanup打扫干净

cutup切碎

fixup修理

goup上涨；上升

growup长大pickup捡起

setup建立

stayup熬夜

showup出现；揭露

wakeup醒来◆with短语agreewith同意

dealwith处理partwith与……分开

playwith与……玩耍，玩……talkwith与……交谈

catchupwith赶上；超过►考向2同一动词型◆come短语comeacross(偶然)遇见comealong取得进展；到来comedown减少；发生

comefrom出生于；来自comein进来；到达现场

comeinto进入comeon加油comeout出版；发表；出现comeover顺便来访comeround拜访(某人的家)；改变方向cometrue实现comeupwith提出(主意、计划、回答等)；想出◆get短语getinto进入；参与

getoff离开；下车

geton上车getover克服；恢复

getto到达

gettogether相聚getawayfrom…远离……

getreadyfor…为……做准备geton/alongwellwith…与……和睦相处

getup起床；起来◆give短语giveaway捐赠

givein屈服，让步giveoff发出(光、热等)giveout散发；分发giveup放弃◆go短语goaway离开

goback返回

goby(时间)流逝gooff爆炸；(闹铃)响

goon继续goover复习；仔细检查

gothrough通过；经历gowith伴随◆keep短语keepoff使……不接近

keepon继续keepout阻止进入

keepawayfrom远离keepintouch保持联系

keepupwith并驾齐驱◆look短语lookafter照顾；照看

lookaround环顾四周lookat看 lookfor寻找

lookout留神；当心lookover仔细检查

lookthrough浏览lookup查阅◆make短语makemistakes犯错

makesure确保makeup编造；组成；化妆

makealiving谋生makeadecision/makedecisions做决定makefriendswith和……交朋友◆put短语putaway收起，放好

putdown放下；记下putforward提出；推荐

putoff推迟puton穿上；上演；增加(体重)putout熄灭；推迟或取消(比赛、活动等)putup搭建；张贴

putupwith容忍putsth.togooduse好好利用某物◆take短语takedown降低；拆除；写下

takein吸收；领会takeoff脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞

takeon呈现takeup(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做◆turn短语turndown调低；拒绝

turnoff关掉

turnon打开turnto转向；求助于

turnup调高；出现►考向3混合型

混合辨析，即选项通常设置为“不同动词＋不同介词/副词”，需要考生熟记动词短语。[更多动词短语详见《课时词汇攻关》P89“二、常见短语分类速记”]21．[2024云南改编]我想成为一名宇航员，并且我希望我的梦想将来能实现。IwanttobeanastronautandIhopemydreamwill_____

_____

inthefuture.22．[2024云南改编]这辆公交太拥挤了，他们不得不等下一辆。Thebuswassocrowdedthattheyhadto______

_____thenextone.23．[2024天津]哈里打开电脑查看电子邮件。Harry________

____hiscomputerandcheckedhisemail.24．[2024天津]我们可以一起参加讨论。Wecan______

____thediscussiontogether针对练习cometruewaitforturnedon

joinin25．[2024江苏无锡]如果你们同意我的看法，请举手。Ifyou_______

______me，pleaseraiseyourrighthand.26．[2024甘肃白银]机会属于准备充分的人。Chances________

____thosepeoplewhoarewellprepared.27．[2024重庆]我们应该学会照顾自己。Weshouldlearnto______

_______ourselves.28．[2024甘肃临夏]由于昨天突然下大雨，学校运动会被推迟了。Theschoolsportsmeetingwas_____

_____becauseofthesuddenheavyrainyesterdy.agreewithbelongtolookafterputoff29．[2024天津]他的新书将在明年出版。Hisnewbookwill______

_____nextyear.30．[2024甘肃临夏]万物靠太阳生长。Alllivingthings________

____thesunfortheirgrowth.31．[2024四川宜宾]我正期待收到你的来信。Iamlookingforwardto_________

______you.32．[2024甘肃白银]神舟十七号航天员乘组于2024年5月1日平安抵京。T