中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题三形容词和副词

第二部分专题三形容词和副词1．形容词的用法

[其他市、州：方框选词：2023.33]

形容词用于修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的性质、状态、属性或特征。基本用法如下：核心考点精讲练命题点1形容词和形容词短语

功能位置例句作定语放在名词前Thisisaninterestingbook.形容词修饰复合不定代词时，通常后置Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.功能位置例句作表语放在系动词后，系动词主要有be动词、三变化(turn，get，become)、感官动词以及stay，go，seem等Thisbookisinteresting.Leavesturnyellowinautumn.Youlookveryhappy.Lucyalwaysstayspositive.作宾语补足语常置于keep，make，leave等动词之后，说明宾语的性质、状态和特征Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean.作状语相当于状语从句，可位于句首、句末或句中。Hearrivedhome，hungryandtired.【拓展】(1)形容词alive，alone，afraid，awake，asleep，well(健康的)等只能作表语。如：Don'tbeafraid!(2)有些形容词位于定冠词the之后。泛指一类人，表示复数概念，作主语时，谓语动词用复数(如：be用are/were)。这类词有：young/old，rich/poor，healthy/ill，living/dead等。如：Thewisearealwayslistening，notspeaking.2．v.-ing形容词与v.-ed形容词的区别[讲解详见本书第一部分P74]►考向1形容词词义辨析

分析近2年真题可知，形容词词义辨析均为语境辨析，主要在完形填空中考查。对于语境辨析类试题，考生首先要掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。►考向2形容词短语辨析(1)be＋adj.＋aboutbeworriedabout对……担忧becrazyabout对……着迷becuriousabout对……好奇beexcitedabout对……感到兴奋besorryabout对……感到/抱歉/遗憾/难过besureabout确信；对……有把握=(2)be＋adj.＋atbegoodat擅长……besurprisedat对……感到惊奇beangryat对……生气(对事)beamazedat对……感到惊讶beannoyed/madat对……恼怒(3)be＋adj.＋ofbeafraidof害怕……befullof充满……beproudof为……感到自豪besureof对……有把握betiredof对……感到厌倦befondof喜欢……(4)be＋adj.＋frombedifferentfrom与……不同beabsentfrom缺席……befreefrom没有……，免受……(5)be＋adj.＋forbefamous/known/well­-knownfor因……而著名belatefor迟到bethirstyfor渴望……begoodfor对……有好处be/getreadyfor为……做好准备besuitablefor适合……(6)be＋adj.＋inbeinterestedin对……感兴趣beweakin在……方面薄弱berichin富于，盛产besuccessfulin在……方面成功betalentedin在……方面有天赋(7)be＋adj.＋withbeangrywith生……的气(对人)bebornwith天生具有bebusywith忙于becarefulwith小心befamiliarwith熟悉bestrictwith对……严格bepopularwith受……欢迎bepatientwith对……有耐心besatisfied/pleasedwith对……感到满意begoodwith善于应付……的；和……相处得好(8)be＋adj.＋tobeharmfulto对……有害besimilarto与……相似becloseto接近befriendly/good/nice/kindto对……友好bepoliteto对……有礼貌bethankfulto对……心怀感激berudeto对……粗鲁Ⅰ.翻译句子1．[2024铜仁碧江区三模]一个人应该严于律己，宽以待人。Apersonshouldbe________

______himselfbutkindtoothers.2．[2023贵州一模]春天是充满生机和希望的季节。Springisaseason_______

_____________lifeandhope.3．最近，一些青少年表示他们渴望快乐。Thesedays，someteenagerssaytheyare_________

_____happiness.针对练习

strictwith

fulloffilledwiththirstyfor

4．多喝水对你的健康有好处。Drinkingmorewateris______

_____yourhealth.5．跟外国朋友交流时，一定要小心肢体语言。Youmustbe_________

______bodylanguagewhenyoucommunicatewithforeignfriends.6．不要害怕犯错，否则你永远不会真正学会一门新的语言。Don'tbe________

____makingmistakes，oryou'llneverreallylearnanewlanguage.goodfor

careful

withafraidof7．你要对和你意见不同的人有耐心。Youshouldbe_________

______thepeoplewhodisagreewithyou.8．一旦作出承诺，你就必须认真对待它们。Onceyoumakepromises，youhavetobe_________

_______them.9．你的想法和别人的不一样，这很正常。It'sverynormalthatyourideais___________

______others'.10．我总是很幸运能从朋友那里得到很多帮助。I'malways________

_______togetalotofhelpfrommyfriends.patientwithseriousaboutdifferentfromso/verylucky11．无论时光如何变迁，中华优秀传统文化值得分享。Nomatterhowtimechanges，theexcellenttraditionalChinesecultureis_______

_________.12．我们现在没有多少作业，而且我们的书包也没有过去那么重了。Wedon'thavemuchhomeworknowandourschoolbagsarenot__

_______astheyusedtobe.13．我们应该使用一些对环境友好的产品。Weshouldusesomeproductsthatare__________

____theenvironment.worthsharingsoheavyfriendlyto14．易老师是一位好老师，她总是乐于帮助有困难的学生。MissYiisagreatteacherandsheisalways____________

____helpstudentsintrouble.15．每个人在某些方面都有天赋，我们应该尽力去发掘它。Everyoneis______________

___somethingandweshouldtryourbesttodiscoverit.ready/pleaseto

talented/giftedin

Ⅱ.完形填空[2024甘肃兰州改编]PengJingxuan，agirlfromHunan，16playingtheguzhengneartheEiffelTowerin2018.The

17melodies(旋律)fromherguzhenggottonsofattentionfromlisteners.(

)16.A.wasbornwithB．wasfamousfor C．wasgoodat(

)17.A.different B．strange C．beautifulBCShehasbeenplayingtheguzhengsinceshewas7yearsold.Shelovesplayingtheguzheng，a(n)

18musicalinstrumentthatdatesbackmorethan2，500years.ShewenttoFranceforfurtherstudytheyearbefore2018andfoundthatstreetperformancesinPariswerevery

19

.Shetriedplayingtheguzhengonthestreetsandreceiveda

20welcome.(

)18.A.common B．colorful C．ancient(

)19.A.popular B．boring C．useful(

)20.A.hard B．warm C．DeepCAB“IwanttotelltheChinesestorieswellinmyownway，”PengJingxuansaid.“Iplayedmany

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piecesonthestreets.ThemoreIplayed，the

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Ifelt.”(

)21.A.wonderful B．peaceful C．successful(

)22.A.easier B．younger C．ProuderACShecarefullypickedmusic，including

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guzhengpiecesandpopsongswithChineseelements.“Mydreamistomakemorepeoplebe

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intheguzheng，”shesaid.“Also，therearelotsof

25

artistsspreadingtraditionalChineseculturearoundtheworld.”(

)23.A.exciting B．traditional C．surprising(

)24.A.interested B．strict C．poor(

)25.A.excellent B．patient C．FriendlyBAA1．副词的基本用法命题点2副词的基本用法及辨析[其他市、州：完形填空：2023.42]功能位置例句作状语多数副词放在动词之后It'srainingheavilynow.②动词若带宾语，则放在宾语之后Thegirllistenstotheteachercarefully.③频度副词通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词、助动词和be动词之后Wecanoftenseethegirlreadhere.④程度副词修饰形容词或副词，一般放在被修饰词前I'malmostready.功能位置例句作表语主要限于少数状态或位置副词、时间副词以及其他副词Whenwillyoubeback？作定语一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后Lifehereisfullofjoy.作补足语可作主语补足语或宾语补足语，说明主语和宾语所处的位置、状态、性质、特征等Heistooyoungtoleavehimathomealone.(作宾语补足语)2.常见副词的位置及分类类型典型词汇用法频度副词always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，hardly，never等置于行为动词之前或be动词、助动词及情态动词之后，表示动作发生的频率方式副词quickly，happily，loudly，suddenly，luckily，badly，easily，fast等置于不及物动词之后或及物动词之前，表示动作的行为方式类型典型词汇用法程度副词heavily，quite，enough，almost，hardly，rather，alot，alittle，so，too，much等置于被修饰的形容词或副词前，表示动词、形容词或另一个副词的强度或程度时间副词now，then，today，tomorrow，yesterday，before，ago，just，soon，lately，ever，already，yet等一般置于句尾，表示动作发生的时间，是确定句子时态的重要标志地点副词outside，inside，upstairs，here，there，home，near，away，in，back，off，up，anywhere等一般置于句尾，表示动作发生的地点或位置关系【注意】enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置。如：Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.(修饰形容词)SaraspeaksEnglishwellenoughtocommunicatewithaBritish.(修饰副词)类型典型词汇用法疑问副词(词组)when，where，why，how，howlong，howsoon，howoften，howfar等置于特殊疑问句或宾语从句的句首，用于构成特殊疑问句3．其他常考副词anyway无论如何abroad在国外alone独自also并且；也besides此外especially尤其；特别finally最后；最终however然而；不过instead代替；反而once一次；曾经perhaps可能；大概probably大概【拓展】(1)有些以­ly结尾的单词是形容词，如：friendly，lonely，lovely，lively，ugly等(2)同形形容词和副词①词义相近的同形形容词和副词形容词副词Wehadanearlybreakfast.(早的)Wehadbreakfastearly．(早地)Wewentbyafasttrain.(快的)Don'tspeaksofast．(快地)②词义不同的同形形容词和副词形容词副词Iwantastraightanswer.(坦诚的)HewentstraighttoBijie.(直接地)Idon'tfeelwelltoday.(健康的)Ourplansgowell．(顺利地)Itisashardasastone.(坚硬的)Thetestissohard．(困难的)Shestudieshard．(努力地)Heholdsthepaperhard．(用力地)(3)有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词，但加了-ly之后意义相差很大，如：4．副词词义辨析[其他市、州：完形填空：2023.42]

分析贵州近2年真题，副词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查，且主要考查的是-ly副词词义辨析，偶尔涉及频度副词词义辨析。Ⅰ.方框选词针对练习A．somewhereB.everywhereC．eitherD．easilyE．seldomF．neverG．quiteH．almostI．oftenJ．sometimesK．correctly26．[2024四川乐山改编]WeChineseoftenshakehandswhenwemeetvisitors，and____wenodourheads.27．[2024黑龙江牡丹江改编]Nowyoudon'tneedtowaitinlinetobuytickets.Youcansimplybookthemonline.It's____convenient.JG28．Jerry____helpshisparentscookdinner，cleanthehouseandtakeouttherubbish.Whatahelpfulboyheis!29．Mypetdogwaslost.Ilookedforit____，butIcouldn'tfindit.30．Tommylivesfarawayfromhisschool.Butheis____lateforschool.31．Tooursurprise，the4-year­oldgirlcanspellallthosewords____.32．Myfamily____eatoutandwecookathomemostofthetime.A．somewhereB．everywhereC．eitherD．easilyE．seldomF．neverG．quiteH．almostI．oftenJ．sometimesK．correctly

IBFK

E33．I'msureI'veseenher____，butIcan'tremembertherightplace.34．IfTomdoesn'tgotothepartythisSaturday，Iwon't，____.35．Ican____

recognizeheralthoughwehaven'tseeneachotherforalongtime.A．somewhereB．everywhereC．eitherD．easilyE．seldomF．neverG．quiteH．almostI．oftenJ．sometimesK．correctlyACDⅡ.完形填空微语篇Duringthepastsummervacation，a15-year-oldboycaughtpeople'seyes.Hemadeamodelplane

36

onhisowninlessthanamonth.TheboynamedLiBanghuaisfromHefei，AnhuiProvince.Hemadetheplane

37

byhimself.Accordingtoalocalreport，Lijustfinishedhishighschoolentranceexamlastyear

38.Aftertheexam，hethrewhimselfintotheworkofmakingthemodelplane.(

)36.A.strongly B．successfully C．suddenly(

)37.A.totally B．partly C．normally(

)38.A.slowly B．secretly C．perfectlyBACLihasbeeninterestedinmodelplanessincehewasachild.Hehas

39

beenstudyinghowtobuildmodelplanesforyears.Hecameacrossmanyfailuresinbuildingmodelplanes.Buthedecidedtokeeponworkingmore

40

andharderandnevergiveup.Whentalkingabouthisfuture，hesaidhe

41

dreamedofbecomingaplaneengineer.Inordertorealizehisdream，hewillcontinuestudyinghard.(

)39.A.seldom B．either C．already(

)40.A.carefully B．highly C．kindly(

)41.A.sadly B．truly C．naturallyCAB1．形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则(1)规则变化命题点3形容词和副词的比较等级[其他市、州：翻译句子：2024.68]类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词直接加­er，­estyoungyoungeryoungest以不发音e结尾的加­r，­stlargelargerlargest类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-estbigfathotbiggerfatterhotterbiggestfattesthottest以“辅音字母加y”结尾，先变y为i，再加-er，-esthappyeasyhealthyhappiereasierhealthierhappiesteasiesthealthiest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more，mostcarefulclevermorecarefulmoreclevermostcarefulmostclever(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.形容词、副词比较等级的用法(1)原级的用法用法例句说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用原级Theflowersinthegardenarebeautiful.被程度副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时用原级She'sverynicewhenyougettoknowher.as＋原级＋asJackisasoldasKate.TomrunsasfastasMike.not＋as/so＋原级＋asThisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.Hedoesn'twalkas/soslowlyasyou.(2)比较级的用法用法例句“比较级＋than”，表示“比”MybrotherBobismorehard­-workingthanme.“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，表示“越……，越……”Themorefruityoueat，thehealthieryouwillbe.“比较级＋and＋比较级”，表示“越来越……”Ourcityisbecomingcleanerandcleaner.“the＋比较级＋ofthetwo…”，表示“两者中比较……的一个”Heisthemoreactiveofthetwoboys.用法例句“Which/Whois/谓语动词＋比较级，AorB？”，表示“两者相比较，哪个/谁更……？”Whichisnearertothesun，themoonortheearth？“比较级＋thananyother＋可数名词单数”

＝“比较级＋thantheother＋可数名词复数”，表示“比任何一个人/物都……”(比较级形式表最高级含义)LiGangistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.＝LiGangistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.“A＋be/谓语动词＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A几倍于B”Myapplesarethreetimesmorethanyours.根据语境判断比较级Thispairofshoesistoobigforme，soIwanttochangeforasmallerone.【拓展】比较级前一般可用much，alittle，alot，even，still，far，abit等词来修饰。如：Itismuchwarmerthanyesterday.(3)最高级的用法[其他市、州：翻译句子：2024.68]用法例句“the＋最高级＋of/in＋比较范围”，表示“……是……中最……”(三者或三者以上的)Thispictureisthebestofallinthebox.“oneofthe＋最高级＋可数名词复数＋比较范围”，表示“……中最……之一”QipaoisoneofthemosttraditionaldressesinChina.用法例句“the＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋可数名词单数＋比较范围”，表示“A是……中第几最……”Sheisthesecondtallestgirlinourclass.“Which/Who＋be＋the＋最高级，A，BorC？”，表示“三者比较，哪个/谁最……？”Whoisthetallestinyourclass，Tom，KateorBill？否定词＋比较级(＋than)或can't/couldn't＋比较级(否定词有not，no，never，nothing等)Nobodycoulddotheworkbetterthanhedid.根据语境判断最高级Therearefourseasonsinayear.Theautumnisthebestone.【注意】①

形容词最高级前要加the，但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等时，不加the。②

副词最高级前的the可省略。Ⅰ.用括号内单词的适当形式填空42．[2024江苏扬州]ThoughIfailedalot

(many)timesthanIsucceeded，Iknowhowtofailwell.43．[2024内蒙古包头]WhenHelenwonaprizeintheEnglishcompetition，shebelievedshewasthe__________(happy)girlintheworld.针对练习morehappiest44．[2024内蒙古包头]Comparedwiththepast，thecommunitycanteens(食堂)areprovidingpeople，bothyoungandold，with_________(healthy)andcheaperdishesnow.45．[2024甘肃临夏]QinghaiLakeis_______(large)thananyothersaltlakeinChina.46．Hainanisthesecond________(big)islandinChina.ItisinthesouthofChina.47．[2024四川遂宁改编]QiJiguangisoneofthe________(great)nationalheroesinChina.Wewillrememberhimforever.

healthierlarger

biggestgreatest48．Withtheteacher'shelp，thatlittlegirlworkedoutthemathsproblemas_________(quick)asherdeskmatedid.49．Mikeworksreallyhard.Healwaysarrivesatschool________(early)inhisclass.50．Qinghai­XizangRailwayisthe_________(high)railwayabovesealevelintheworld.51．Thefarmersinourcountryaremuch________(rich)thanbefore.Manyfamilieshavenewhousesandcars.quicklyearliesthighest

richerⅡ.翻译句子52．[2024贵阳观山湖区二模]真正的好朋友总是能够帮助我们展现出最好的一面。Truefriendscanalwayshelptobringout_____

______inus.53．[2024黔东南州二模]为了进入梦想的高中，他学习比过去更努力了。Togetintohisdreamhighschool，he_________

________thanheusedto.54．[2024江苏无锡改编]要更加小心！失之毫厘，差之千里。Be______

_________!Amissisasgoodasamile.the

beststudieshardermorecareful55．[2024甘肃临夏]越努力，越幸运！Theharderyouwork，_____

_________youwillbe!56．电动汽车正在变得更受欢迎，因为它们很环保。Electriccarsarebecoming_____

becausetheyareenvironmentallyfriendly.57．长城是世界上最长的城墙。TheGreatWallis_____

_________wallintheworld.58．看一本好书如同进行一场旅行一样令人心旷神怡。Readingagoodbookisjust____

___________asgoingonajourney.the

luckiermorepopular

thelongestasenjoyable59．如今，人工智能技术的发展速度比我们想象的要快得多。TodayAItechnologyisdeveloping______

________thanwecanimagine.60．在所有的外语中，英语是使用最广泛的语言。Ofa