【高三暑假自学课】第13讲 阅读理解七选五 解析版

2023年新高三英语【暑假自学课】（课标全国卷）第13讲阅读理解七选五解析版1.掌握阅读理解七选五高考考向。2.掌握阅读理解七选五答题技巧。3.掌握阅读理解七选五位置规律和空格前后逻辑关系。一、阅读理解七选五思维导图二、七选五六大方略高中英语阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。从近五年七选五全国卷来看，说明文为主，几乎每年必考，应引起足够重视。方略一|略读文章抓大意以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however,but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花5～10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。方略二|重点阅读上下句因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。事实上，如果没有时间来得及通读或细读，或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂，建议通过以下技巧，也基本上可以得满分。方略三|看看结构变轻松在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。方略四|词语复现显神功作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher,parent的上义词，而teacher,parent就是adult的下义词)。方略五|代词逻辑亦管用我们知道，七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。如：方略六|篇章需要基本功有的题利用文章或段落的“总—分”结构关系来解，也很管用，但需要以下基本功：懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句(总)+支撑句(分)(分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。如：三、七选五六十大技巧技巧一|从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有asaresult结果，thus/therefore因此，so(such)...如此……以至于等。技巧二|从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：however然而等。技巧三|从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。技巧四|从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也,而且,further另外(的),furthermore而且，此外等。技巧五|从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系表示列举关系的有：firstly第一,首先secondly第二,thirdly第三inthefirstplace第一，首先foronething首先等。技巧六|从词汇线索上判断——代词指代英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。技巧七|从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。技巧八|从词汇线索上判断——同畴词上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题技巧九|从试题位置上判断——问题在段首假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。技巧十|从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。考点一：规律1：段首设空——段落主题+承上启下策略1：把握形似,确定语段标题句例1．【典题示例】（2016·全国III卷·节选）·37

Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).38Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.

·Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemoriesA.KnowwhyyougardenB.Findagoodplaceforyourowngarden【解析】本题考查对段落小标题的选择。首先根据下文的另一个小标题·Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemories(祈使句),可以将选择范围缩小到A项和B项之间,再根据段落中的thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.可以发现该段主要是分析从事园艺的原因,故选A。

策略2：根据一致,确定段落主题句例2．【典题示例】(2021·全国乙卷·节选)36,ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【解析】本题考查段落主题句。从本段中的“ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime”,及“beadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers”可知本段主要谈论了走出了自己的舒适区,或者第一次走进别人的家里,敢于冒险,尝试不同的食物,和陌生人交谈。选项“B.Thefirststepistogoexploring”符合语境。故选B。

策略3：瞻前顾后,确定段落过渡句例3．【典题示例】(2021·全国甲卷·节选)Swap,Don’tShop!Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn’tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources(资源)tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?16.It’sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.

A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots【解析】本题考查段落过渡句。本题前段尾句问“那么,该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的虽完好但可能有点厌倦的衣服呢?”,后句提到“这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里得到衣服并同时开派对的最好方法”,B选项“进行衣物交换”是对前句的回答,同时引起下文,故选B。

考点二：规律2：段中设空——“七种关系”助力解题通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查要点有:总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构:first,second,then,next,later,soon,so,but,however,additionally,what’smore,thatis,namely,inotherwords,foronething...foranother等,这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用,是解题时需要重点关注的部分。策略1：根据总分关系确定答案例4．【典题示例】Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.

C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecameinterestedincamping.【解析】本题考查总分关系。根据下文的描述“我们睡在帐篷里、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知,这次野营比较艰难,设空处是总体评价,后面是详细描述。故选C。

策略2：根据解释关系确定答案例5．【典题示例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率).Youcantellthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.40Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【解析】本题考查解释关系。设空前介绍法国咖啡厅常常很拥挤,设空处“并非所有的顾客都是游客”符合语境,空后通过设问“这些人什么时候工作呢?”,用回答该问题的方式来解释为什么当地人有时间享受咖啡馆生活。故选A。

策略3：根据例证关系确定答案例6．【典题示例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.37Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【解析】本题考查例证关系。本段句首提出观点:“可是,这个地方并不完全像地道的巴黎”,接下来要举例说明,再结合空前一句讲的是“管道正常工作”,空后一句讲的是“甚至还有小电梯”,本句内容应该涉及房子的好处“公寓里有不错的厨房和舒适的床”,故选C。

策略4：根据转折关系确定答案表示转折关系的连接词有:but但是,however/whereas然而,nevertheless仍然,然而,不过,nonetheless尽管如此,依然,然而,still还;然而,though可是,不过,然而,yet然而,inspiteof不顾,不管,atanyrate无论如何,至少,inanycase无论如何,不管怎样,whoever无论是谁,whatever无论什么,onthecontrary正相反,incontrast与此相反,相比之下,bycontrast相反,相比之下,incomparison比较起来,比较地,bycomparison相比之下,conversely相反(地),otherwise否则;除此以外,not...but不是……而是,aswell也等。例7．【典题示例】(2021·浙江高考·节选)“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.”hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit.32”Seekingotherlike-mindedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.ManywouldsaytheInternetisaplaceforpeoplewhohavegivenuponthetraditionalpostalservice,butPaulo’shunch(直觉)paidoff.

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【解析】本题考查转折关系。设空处前一句的句意为“过了一段时间你会发现自己收到的明信片没有发出去的多”。设空处后一句的句意为“然而,Paulo没有放弃自己的爱好,而是采取了网络的方式”根据逻辑判断,设空处应与其前一句构成转折关系,意为“那完全不成问题”。故选A。

策略5：根据因果关系确定答案表示因果关系的连词有asaresult/consequently结果,thus/therefore因此,so(such)...that...如此……以至于……等。例8．【典题示例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.36Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【解析】本题考查因果关系。根据空后的句子中的So可知,该句与设空处是因果关系。F项“我们的目的是想看看我们能否像真正的巴黎人一样生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。故选F。

策略6：根据递进关系确定答案表示递进关系的连词有:also也,而且,further另外(地),furthermore而且,此外,likewise同样地,照样地;也,又,similarly相似地,类似地,moreover而且,再者,此外,inaddition另外,加之,what’smore更重要的是,too也,还,either也,neither两者都不,notonly...butalso不但……而且等。例9．【典题示例】(2021·浙江高考·节选)Languageiscertainlyabarrierformanypeople.Forpostcrossingtoworkworldwide,acommoncommunicationlanguageisneededsothateveryonecanunderstandeachother.AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn’tworkifonedoesn’tunderstandit.34Soacommonlanguageisrequiredandinpostcrossingthat’sEnglishsinceit’swidelyspoken.

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【解析】本题考查递进关系。AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn’tworkifonedoesn’tunderstandit.“虽然收到一张汉语卡片很酷,但如果你不懂汉语,你就看不懂意思”,而F项Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.“同样,如果你只会说中文,收到一张瑞典语的卡片也会让你失去一部分乐趣”与前句构成递进关系。故选F。

策略7：根据并列关系确定答案例10．【典题示例】(2021·全国乙卷·节选)38Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(讲台).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.39.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【解析】本题考查并列关系。空处与空格前的“Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.”构成并列句中的选择关系,并与首句中“won’tstoptalking”呼应,故E项(或者把谈话变成一个他们无话可说的话题)符合语境。故选E。

考点三：规律3：段尾设空——“总结概括”+“过渡衔接”策略1：利用主题句或总结句确定答案例11．【典题示例】(2021·浙江高考·节选)You’vegotmail...andit’sapostcardPauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome’sColosseum.OrAfrica’sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.31

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【解析】本题考查段落总结句。前面提到PauloMagalhaes喜欢世界各地明信片的内容“罗马圆形大剧场的彩色图片,或者是非洲维多利亚瀑布,或者是中国的长城”,设空处对上文进行总结“总之,他喜欢明信片……”。故选G。

策略2：利用段落过渡句确定答案例12．【典题示例】IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36

Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.【解析】本题考查段落过渡句。文章首段是说“如果三年前有人告诉我以后大部分的周末时间都会露营,我会放声大笑。”而设空处后面讲的是“介绍我去露营的朋友们认为这注定是一次具有开创性的露营。”两段内容上有转折关系,所以要填一个承上启下的过渡句“然而,自从那时以来我学到了很多有关露营的知识。”故选D。

策略3：利用补充信息句确定答案例13．【典题示例】●Don’tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.39.

B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.【解析】本题考查补充信息句。本段主要讲的是:不要把个人信息和经历告诉教授,如果你需要延长最后期限,只需要向教授解释处境即可。最后应该补充说明:如果需要了解更多信息,他们会询问的。故选C。

考点四：规律4：词汇复现法——破解语篇衔接难题策略1：原词复现法例14．【典题示例】(2021·全国乙卷·节选)Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(赞扬).40.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【解析】本题考查原词复现。根据段落主题句可知,本段主要讲面对“otherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence(宴会杀手:尴尬的沉默)”我们该怎么办。由“theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment”和G选项“Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost(他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人)”中的“Heorshe(指代host)”及“awkwardness(原词复现)”可知G项符合语境。故选G。

策略2：代词复现法it可指代单数名词、不可数名词或整个句子;they或them指代复数名词;one指代单数可数名词;that指代不可数名词或句子;this指代单数名词或句子;these或those指代前句的复数名词。还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。例15．【典题示例】(2021·全国乙卷·节选)Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”,you’llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou’retalkingto.37,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【解析】本题考查代词复现。从此空后的标点符号可推知此空应该填入一个从句。再根据后面句子itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”(它可以带来“我有一辆旧的,坏了的车”或者“我和这些疯狂的人一起坐在公共汽车上,他们在后面笑着愚蠢的笑话”的回答)中的it代指前面提出的问题,可知C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”(如果你问“你怎么来的?”)符合语境。故选C。

策略3：派生复现法例16．【典题示例】40Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.

A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【解析】本题考查派生复现。下文中的“beneficial”与D项中的“benefit”属于同根词,属于派生词重复信息。

策略4：同义复现法例17．【典题示例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.38Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【解析】本题考查同义复现。G项中的delicious与设空前的great形成同义词复现关系,而且空后又具体例证了巴黎人吃的食物很美味。故选G。

策略5：反义复现法例18．【典题示例】(2021·全国甲卷·节选)·Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.17,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【解析】本题考查反义复现。本题要求选择一个半句,与下文的“morethanthat...”形成对比,要有lessthanthat,less与more构成反义词,句意:人比这少,可能没有足够的东西可供选择;人比这多,它变得无法控制。其中,选项A中的that指代前文的5—10people,故选A。

（2023·浙江卷）Withgaspricesrisingandairportsecuritylinessnakinglongerthanever,whynotbookyournextdomesticvacationonatrain?Comparedtootheralternatives,it’scomfortableandrelaxing.Hereissomeadviceonhowtomakeatripbyrailaspleasantaspossible.Planahead.Mostlong-distancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaraccommodations,selloutveryquickly.1Butnomatterwhenyoutravel,it’sagoodideatomakeyourreservationsatleast90daysinadvance.Useatravelagent.Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettinghimdouble-checkallthedetails,makesuggestions,andthenhandletheactualreservations.Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets.2Thenyouwon’thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.Bringablanket.Whenyou’reridingontrains,youwon’tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree,evenifyourtripisanovernightone.3Inthesummerinparticular,theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.Arriveearly.Mosttrainsoperatejustonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek,somissingyourscanbeadisaster.4Note:Thetimeslistedontheschedulesaredeparturetimes,notarrivaltimes.Havefun.5Readabook,knit,doacrosswordpuzzle,orsimplywatchtheworldunfoldoutsidethewindow.Tocalculateyourspeedasyoudo,divide3,600(thenumberofsecondsinanhour)bythenumberofsecondsittakesyoutotravelonemile(thedistancebetweentwomileposts).Ifittakesthetrain53secondstotravelonemile,you’regoing67.92mph.A．Traintripsaren’tforimpatienttypes.B．You’llhaveviewsfrombothsidesofthetrain.C．Thetemperatureonrailcarsisoftenhardtocontrol.D．That’sparticularlytrueduringbusysummermonths.E．Youmighthavetowaitlongerthan24hourstocatchthenextone.F．Chancesarethecostwillbealotlessthanthecostofonebedroom.G．Hemayalsobookyouinasleepingcarthat’srightnexttothediner.【答案】1．D2．G3．C4．E5．A【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。1．根据上文“Planahead.Mostlong-distancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaraccommodations,selloutveryquickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“Butnomatterwhenyoutravel,it’sagoodideatomakeyourreservationsatleast90daysinadvance.(但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busysummermonths”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。2．根据上文“Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets.(一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打折的票。)”以及下文“Thenyouwon’thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.(这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“bookyouinasleepingcarthat’srightnexttothediner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。3．根据上文“Whenyou’reridingontrains,youwon’tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree,evenifyourtripisanovernightone.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“Inthesummerinparticular,theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.(特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“Thetemperatureonrailcars”与前后文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。4．根据上文“Mosttrainsoperatejustonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek,somissingyourscanbeadisaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及下文“Note:Thetimeslistedontheschedulesaredeparturetimes,notarrivaltimes.(注意:时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“Youmighthavetowaitlonger”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。5．根据上文“Havefun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“Tocalculateyourspeedasyoudo,divide3,600(thenumberofsecondsinanhour)bythenumberofsecondsittakesyoutotravelonemile(thedistancebetweentwomileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。（2022·浙江卷）IhaveadrawerfullofletterstoSanta.EachyearmychildrenwouldwriteuptheirChristmaswishlists.Theywerepoliterequestsforthelatestgameortoy.Asthechildrengotolder,theywouldgiveSantasomehints(提示)onwheretobuytheirpresents.6Thoseletterstaughtmychildrenavaluablelessonaboutwriting:Ithasapurpose.Sometimesourpurposeistoachievesomething;othertimesitmaybetoentertain,inform,orpersuade.7Andwhenwritingdoesn’tseemtohaveanypurposeorgetanykindofmeaningfulresponse,thenitcanbehardtogetexcitedaboutdoingit.Christmasisagreattimeofyearforchildrentocommunicatewithothersthroughwriting.Whenchildrenwriteforrealaudiencesandrealpurposes,theycanlearntochoosetheirwordsaccordingly.8Youwrite“DearSanta”becauseyoudon’tknowhimpersonallyandyouwanttoshowhimrespect.9Texting,onlinemessaging,livechatswhileplayingvideogamesallmeanthattheyareconstantlyproducingwrittenmessages.However,becausetheyareusuallywritingtofamilyandfriends,theyuseinformallanguagemostofthetime.Thereisnothingwrongwiththiskindofwriting.Itsuitstheaudienceandthepurposeandgetsthejobdone.10Thistypeofwritingwon’tberewardedbytheschoolexaminer,norbyafutureemployerorapotentialclient.Theverybestcommunicatorsarethosewhoknowhowtoadjusttheirlanguagetomatchtheiraudience.A．Itisn’tthattheseyoungpeoplecan’twrite.B．Butitisalwayspurposeful-oratleastitshouldbe.C．Theageofpen-and-paperletterwritingmayhavepassed.D．Asaresult,eachyeartheyreceivedsomethingtheywanted.E．Youwrite“HiNannaandPop”becauseyouareclosetothem.F．Astechnologydevelops,youngpeoplearewritingmorethantheyeverhave.G．Butifthisistheonlykindofwritingyoungpeopledo,itwillcauseproblems.【答案】6．D7．B8．E9．F10．G【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。6．根据空前“Asthechildrengotolder,theywouldgiveSantasomehints(提示)onwheretobuytheirpresents.

(随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“Asaresult,eachyeartheyreceivedsomethingtheywanted.(结果，他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故选D项。7．根据空前“Sometimesourpurposeistoachievesomething;othertimestmaybetoentertain,inform,orpersuade.

(有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是带着目的的。结合选项B“Butitisalwayspurposeful-oratleastitshouldbe.(但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。8．根据空前“Whenchildrenwriteforrealaudiencesandrealpurposes,theycanlearntochoosetheirwordsaccordingly.(当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后“Youwrite“DearSanta”becauseyoudon’tknowhimpersonallyandyouwanttoshowhimrespect.(你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“Youwrite“HiNannaandPop”becauseyouareclosetothem.(你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结构一致。故选E项。9．根据空后“Texting,onlinemessaging,livechatswhileplayingvideogamesallmeanthattheyareconsta