38环境污染-2023年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练

38环境污染2023年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练背景资料：二十大报告解读|深入推进环境污染防治，下一步要怎么做？原创2022101615:15·新京报新京报讯（记者张璐）党的二十大报告提出，深入推进环境污染防治。下一步要怎么做？记者了解到，未来我国将用更高的标准深入打好污染防治攻坚战，统筹减污降碳协同增效，同时坚持PM2.5与臭氧协同治理。近些年，我国生态环境得到了显著的改善。记者从生态环境部获悉，从生态环境质量来看，2021年全国地级以上城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）平均浓度比2015年下降了34.8%；这十年，I—III类优良水体断面比例提升了23.3个百分点，达到了84.9%；土壤污染风险得到有效管控，中国实施了禁止洋垃圾入境，实现了固体废物“零进口”的目标。党的二十大报告提出尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的内在要求。必须牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划发展。深入推进环境污染防治，持续深入打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。提升环境基础设施建设水平，推进城乡人居环境整治。中央生态环境强化督察与应急处置专家组成员彭应登告诉新京报记者，在环境污染防治方面，报告深刻认识到蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战的复杂性、艰巨性和长期性，稳妥地提出基本消除重污染天气，基本消除城市黑臭水体，加强土壤污染源头防控的战略目标，以避免各地区与各行业制定不切实际战略与战术策略。下一步如何深入推进环境污染防治？在今年9月举行的“中国这十年”系列主题新闻发布会上，生态环境部部长黄润秋表示，“十四五”仍然要坚持保持力度，延展深度，拓展广度，用更高的标准深入打好污染防治攻坚战。“我们已经围绕污染防治攻坚战谋划了八大标志性战役，现在已经陆续推出，包括重污染天气消除、臭氧污染防治、柴油车货车污染治理、城市黑臭水体治理、长江保护修复、黄河生态保护治理、重点流域海域综合治理、农业农村污染治理等。“‘五个统筹’很重要。”他表示，要统筹减污降碳协同增效，这不仅是中国经济高质量发展的需要，也是环境治理向深里走，生态环境质量从源头上、根本上改变的需要。坚持PM2.5与臭氧协同治理，“两者具有相同的前体物，这两年我们做了一些努力，也取得了初步成效，2021年PM2.5和臭氧初步实现了协同降低。”他说，还要统筹好水资源、水环境、水生态，良好的水体要有水、有草、有鱼。统筹城镇和乡村，治理好农村的面源污染、垃圾污水、黑臭水体等。统筹好传统污染物和新污染物，尤其要建立新化学物质风险防控体系。 一、阅读单选A篇WhenyouthinkoftheArctic(北极),youimagineanicylandofpurewhitesnow.Othersimagineitasthelastreallycleanplaceleftonearth.Wehavepollutedthedeepestoceanswithplasticrubbish.“Andnow”,CNNsays,“It’stheArctic’sturn.”GermanscientistshaverecentlyfoundmicroplasticsinArcticsnow.Microplasticsarepiecesofplasticsmallerthan5millimeters.Sadly,thescientistsfound1,800piecesofmicroplasticsperliterof(每升)snow.HowisplasticpollutionreachingtheArctic?Accordingtoscientists,“It’sclearthatmostofthemicroplasticsinthesnowefromtheair.”Theyfallofftheplasticobjectsandaremovedbythewind,justlikedust.Theymixwithiceintheairandfalltothegroundassnow.FindingtheseplasticsinArcticsnowmeansthatwemaybreathethemin.Aretheybadforus?Scientistscannotanswerthisquestionfornow,accordingtotheWHO.Wedoknowthatourbodiescannottakein“large”piecesofmicroplastics.However,iftheplasticsaresmallenough,theycanfindwaysintoourbodiesandstaythereforalongtime,whichcanbebadforourhealth.What’smore,earlierstudieshaveshownthatmicroplasticsmayboosttheriskoflungcancer.Microplasticshavealsobeenfoundinriversandoceansaroundtheworld.Earlierresearchhasfoundthattheyflowoverlongdistancesandintoouroceans,hurtingecosystemsalongtheway.Theystartinourwastewater,thenflowintoriversandouttothesea,wheretheyareeatenbyseaanimals.Ifpeopletheneattheseanimals,itmeansthatwe’reeatingtheplasticaswell.1．WecanlearnfromParagraph1that_________.A．theArcticisthelastreallycleanplaceleftonearth B．theArcticisanicylandofpurewhitesnowC．theArcticisabeautifulicylandwithcleanair D．theArctichasbeenpollutedbyplasticrubbish2．Theunderlinedword“boost”heremeans“_________”.A．increase B．leave C．hit D．break3．Howdoesthewriterendthispassage?A．Byadvisingustodrinkcleanwater. B．Byaskingpeoplenottoeatseaanimals.C．Bytellingtheseriousnessofplasticpollution. D．ByshowingthebeautyofArctic.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了如今出现的一种污染——微塑料，并详细介绍了什么是微塑料以及它对人类和环境的危害。【参考答案】1．细节理解题。根据“Wehavepollutedthedeepestoceanswithplasticrubbish.‘Andnow’,CNNsays,‘It’stheArctic’sturn.’”可知，北极也被塑料垃圾污染了。故选D。2．词句猜测题。根据“However,iftheplasticsaresmallenough...whichcanbebadforourhealth.What’smore,earlierstudieshaveshownthatmicroplasticsmayboosttheriskoflungcancer.”可知，塑料对人体有害，因此猜测出早期的研究显示微塑料可能会增加癌症的风险。单词increase含义为“增加”。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据“Theystartinourwastewater,thenflowintoriversandouttothesea,wheretheyareeatenbyseaanimals.Ifpeopletheneattheseanimals,itmeansthatwe’reeatingtheplasticaswell.”可知，人们最终吃了体内还有塑料的海洋生物，故推测出塑料污染的严重性。故选C。B篇“Ourenvironmentisfullofallkindsofnoise.Therisingnoisepollutionincitieswillbebadfortheenvironment,”theUnitedNations(UN)saidinareport.Itasksgovernmentstotakeactionassoonaspossible.What’snoisepollution?AccordingtotheUN,noiseabove65decibel(dB分贝)isnoisepollution.Noisebeesharmfulwhenit’sover75dBandispainfulabove120dB．Peoplewholivenearairportsorhighwaysgetmuchnoisepollution.Whenneighborsrepairtheirhomesorwalkheavilyaround,that’salsonoisepollution.Whyisnoisepollutionbad?“Highlevelsofnoisedoharmtohumanhealth,”theUNreportsays.Toomuchnoisecauseshealthproblemslikestressandtirednessfrompoorsleep.Moreseriousproblemsincludeheartproblemsandhearingloss.InEurope,12,000peopledieeachyearfromnoisepollution.Howcanwepreventtheproblem?Ifcitiescanfightnoisepollution,onegreatwayistobuildhighwallsalongtherailwaysandhighways.SomeEuropeancountrieshavealsobuiltroadsofrubber.It’sthesamerubberasyourschool’srunningtrack.Itmakescarsquieter.HowcanyouandIhelp?Wecanstopstompingaroundourhouses!Inaword,noisepollutionisharmfultous.Weshouldtryourbesttoavoidproducingnoise.4．WhendoesnoisepollutiontakeplaceaccordingtotheUN?A．Whenpeopletalkatanairport.B．Whenneighborswalkaroundyou.C．Whensoundsaroundyouareover120decibels.D．Whensoundsarelouderthan65decibels.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rubber”meaninChinese?A．水泥 B．橡胶 C．钢板 D．沙石6．WhichofthefollowingisNOTcausedbynoisepollution?A．Wemightfeelverytired. B．Wemighthaveheartproblems.C．Wemightsleepmorethanusual. D．Wemighthavehearingproblems.7．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Somefactsaboutnoisepollution B．HowtostopnoisepollutionC．Somethingbadofover120dB D．Howtoprotecttheenvironment【短文大意】本文主要介绍了有关噪声污染的知识，包括了什么是噪声污染，为什么噪声污染是有害的以及如何预防噪声污染。【参考答案】4．细节理解题。根据“AccordingtotheUN,noiseabove65decibel(dB分贝)isnoisepollution”可知，超过65分贝的噪音属于噪音污染，故选D。5．词义猜测题。根据“SomeEuropeancountrieshavealsobuiltroadsofrubber.It’sthesamerubberasyourschool’srunningtrack”可知，橡胶跑道是和你们学校跑道一样的橡胶，所以划线单词表示“橡胶”，故选B。6．细节理解题。根据“Toomuchnoisecauseshealthproblemslikestressandtirednessfrompoorsleep”可知，太多的噪音会导致健康问题，比如睡眠不好导致的压力和疲劳，不会造成睡眠比平常多，故选C。7．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了有关噪声污染的知识，故选A。C篇Thesedays,wearingfacemasks(口罩)isamonthingtodo,andithelpssavinglivesduringCOVID19.However,thatalsomeanssingleusefacemasks,gloves,andotherPPEmaterialsarethenewestformsofrubbishoncitystreets,beaches,andintheoceans.Thisisbadforsomanyreasons,butoneoftheworstreasonsisthattheusedfacemaskscanseriouslyhurtanimals.AshleyFruno,amemberofananimalrightsgroupsaid,“Facemaskscan’tdisappearanytimesoon.Whenwethrowthemaway,theycanbebadfortheenvironmentandanimalsthatliveonthesameplanetasus.”MonkeyshavebeenfoundbitingthestringsofusedmasksinthehillsoutsideMalaysia’scapitalKualaLumpur.Thismaymakethemlosetheirbreathorevendie.InBritain,aseabird’slegshavebeenfoundcaughtinthestringsofamaskforuptoaweek.It’shardtobelievethatfacemasksthatoncesavedpeople’slivesarenowkillingwildanimals.Alargenumberoffacemasksaremovingtothelivingplaceofanimals.Ifyouwearasingleusemask,makesureofthrowingitawayproperly.Neverthrowitawayoutsideasthewindcouldblowitaway.Pleasedon’tletthemasksbeeanightmare(噩梦)forwildlife.Thankyoufordoingyourparttokeepallanimalssafe!8．Thispassagetellsusthe________thatfacemasksmaybringtowildlife.A．harm B．advantages C．diseases D．rubbish9．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．AshleyFrunoisamemberofanenvironmentgroup.B．Thefacemaskshurtthewildanimalsbyspreadingdiseases.C．Thesingleusefacemasksarenoteasytodisappearfromtheearth.D．Toprotectthewildanimals,weshouldgiveupusingthesingusefacemasks.10．Wherearemanyusedfacemasksgoingaccordingtothepassage?A．Totheouterspace. B．Tothefactories.C．Totheground. D．Tothelivingplacesofanimals.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了口罩、塑料手套等对环境造成了污染，对动物的生存造成了威胁，文章号召大家增强环保意识并参与环保行动。【参考答案】8．细节理解题。根据“oneoftheworstreasonsisthattheusedfacemaskscanseriouslyhurtanimals”可知口罩会给野生动物造成威胁。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据“Facemaskscan’tdisappearanytimesoon”可知口罩不会很快消失。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据“Alargenumberoffacemasksaremovingtothelivingplaceofanimals”可知大量的口罩转移到动物的生活场所。故选D。D篇Theworldhasaplasticproblem.Andnotjustwithbottles.Straws(吸管),toothbrushes,toys—allkindsofplasticsareplacedinlandfills(垃圾填埋场).Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.Landfillshavealargepartofit.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Andmostplasticwon’tdisappearitself.Itwillremainintheoceanforever.Whalesgetcaughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.Itendangersoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.Governmentsarerealizingthatrecyclingmaynotbeenough.Theyaretakingmoreactions.Thoughitishardwork,itisstillasolvableproblem.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.Scotlandandseveralcoastal(沿海的)citiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.TheUSalonediscarded(丢弃)some500millionplasticstrawsaday.That’senoughtocircletheEarthtwice.“Sayingnotoaplasticstrawisaneasywaytoprotecttheenvironment,”DianaLofflinwhostartedsaid.“Dowereallywanttopassontoourchildrenaworldharmedbyplastic?”Peoplehavefoundsometastywaystoreducewaste.ApanyinIndiamadethefirsteverspoonthatpeoplecaneat.Youdon’thavetoeatthespoon.Youcanthrowitaway.Itdeposes(分解)injustafewdays.DavidEdwards,ascientistatHarvardUniversity,designedaneatablebagwhichcanprotectthefoodordrinkinside.Itisadeliciousreplacement(替代品)forplasticones.11．Accordingtothewriter,birdsdiebecausethey________.A．eatplasticstrawsandbottlecaps B．getcaughtinfishingnetsC．feedonoceananimals D．havethespoonsinIndia12．Theunderlinedword“endangers”means________inthepassage.A．brings B．loses C．harms D．saves13．Thewriterwritesthispassagemainlyto________.A．introducesomewaystorecyclewaste B．tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC．pareairpollutionandplasticpollution D．describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste14．Fromthepassage,wecantellthattheplasticproblem________.A．istoobigforpeopletosolve B．canbesolvedbyrecyclingaloneC．canbesolved,butitwon’tbeeasy D．willhavetobesolvedbyfuturescientists【短文大意】本文首先描述了目前全球存在的塑料污染问题，以及由此造成的危害，然后再举例说明一些国家已经找到一些方法着手解决这个问题。【参考答案】11．细节理解题。根据“Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.”可知，鸟类因为吃塑料吸管和瓶盖而死亡，故选A。12．词义猜测题。通读第二段可知，本文主要在讲塑料垃圾的危害，所以此处也是在说它危害了海洋生命。故选C。13．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要是在讲有关塑料污染的问题，包括介绍了一些废物处理和循环的方法，以及列举一些国家对此问题的解决方法。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据“Thoughitishardwork,itisstillasolvableproblem”可知，虽然要解决塑料问题很艰难，但是这是可以解决的。故选C。E篇Ladiesandgentlemen,Ireturnedtothisyearinatimemachine.Intheyear2500,weareabletotravelthroughtimetoanyyearinthehistoryoftheearth.Thisyearisyourlastchancetochangeyourlifestyletosavetheearth.Beginninginthemiddleofthe20thcentury,afewpeoplewereworriedaboutpollutingtheearth’swaterandair,butmostpeopledidnotchangetheirwayoflife.Instead,theycontinuedtopourdangerouschemicalsandotherwasteintolakesandseas,todrivemoreandmorecarsandtrucks,andtocutdowntrees.Bytheyear2200,theearth’swaterwaspletelypolluted.Peoplecouldnolongerdrinkwater,andtheyhadtouseothertypesofliquids.Scientistssaidthatinthefuturetheremightbetoomanypeopleontheearth.Butnotenoughwasdone.So,bytheyear2300,thereweresomanypeoplethatfoodbecamescarce.Therewasnowatertogrowfoodandallofthefishinthelakesandseasdiedbecauseofpollution.Terriblewarsbrokeoutbetweentherichandthepoor.Scientistswereworkingveryhardtofindanotherplanetinspacewherehumanscouldlive.Bytheyear2400,theairwastoopollutedforhumanstobreathe.Sowehadtoleavetheearth.Butonlytherichwereabletoleave.Wheredidwego?Nowhere.Youseescientistsdidnotfindanothersafeplanet,sonowwemusttravelaroundtheuniverseinourspaceships.Wearestilllookingforaplacetocallourhome.So,itisuptoyoutochangehistory.Thereisstillhope.Youmustchangeyourlifestylenow,beforeitistoolate.15．WhichproblemisNOTtalkedaboutinParagraph2?A．Water. B．Air. C．Lifestyle. D．Food.16．What’sthemeaningof“scarce”inthefourthparagraph?A．昂贵的 B．充足的 C．缺乏的 D．特殊的17．Whocouldleavetheearthbytheyear2400?A．Therich. B．Thepoor. C．Scientists. D．Allthepeople.18．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Onlyafewpeoplechangedtheirlifestyleinthemiddleofthe20thcentury.B．Bytheyear2200,theearth’swaterwaspartlypolluted.C．Alltheanimalsdiedbecauseofpollutionbytheyear2300.D．Wefoundanewhomeinanotherplanetbytheyear2400.19．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．StopPolluting B．ChangeorLeave C．LookforaNewHome D．ReturntotheEarth【短文大意】本文作者通过时间隧道从未来穿越回来，描述了不同时期地球上环境污染的严重事实，呼吁人们改变现在的生活方式，以保护我们的地球。【参考答案】15．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Beginninginthemiddleofthe20thcentury,afewpeoplewereworriedaboutpollutingtheearth’swaterandair,butmostpeopledidnotchangetheirwayoflife.”可知，本段谈到了“水”、“空气”和“生活方式”，而整段都未提及“食物”。故选D。16．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“…,thereweresomanypeople...”以及“Therewasnowatertogrowfood…”可推测，由于人口众多和水资源缺乏，从而会导致食物变得“短缺”。故选C。17．细节理解题。根据最后一段前三句“Bytheyear2400,theairwastoopollutedforhumanstobreathe.Sowehadtoleavetheearth.Butonlytherichwereabletoleave.”可知，到2400年人们必须要离开地球时，只有富人才能够离开。故选A。18．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Beginninginthemiddleofthe20thcentury,afewpeoplewereworriedaboutpollutingtheearth’swaterandair,butmostpeopledidnotchangetheirwayoflife.”可知，二十世纪中叶，只有少数人改变了他们的生活方式。故选A。19．标题归纳题。本文作者通过描述不同时期地球上环境污染的严重事实，呼吁人们改变现在的生活方式，以保护我们的地球。因此本文最佳标题应为“停止污染”。故选A。F篇Arecordof1,101manatees(海牛)diedinFloridalastyear,manyfromhunger.SolastDecember,governmentwildlifeexpertsthoughtupaplantogivefoodtothemanatees.Theydecidedtofeedthemgreenvegetableslikelettuceandcabbage.RonMezich,anexpert,said,“We’remakingadifference.”Sofar,theyhaveservedupmorethan193,000poundsoflettucetohungrymanatees.Butastheweatherisgettingwarm,theprogramisexpectedtoendsoon.Manateesarehugeseaanimalsthatonlyeatseagrassandotherplantsthatliveinthesea.That’sonereasonwhythey’resometimescalled“seacows”.Since1967,Florida’smanateeshavebeenontheUSgovernment’slistofendangeredanimals.Mostdangerstomanateesefromhumans.Oneofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheanimalsareboats.Manateesarecurious(好奇的)andfairlyslow.Thathasledtothousandsofmanateesbeinghitorkilledbyboats.Atonepoint,therewereonlyabout2,000manateesleftinFlorida.Withprotection,thenumberincreased.In2016,thereweremorethan6,000manatees.However,asseagrassbegantodisappear,thenumberofmanateeskeepsgoingdownagain.Warmingseaswithpollutedwaterhavecreatedhugegrowthsofalgae(藻)ontheocean’ssurface.Thealgaeblocksthesunlightthatallowstheseagrasstogrow.Forexample,inIndianRiverLagoon,wheremanateesoftengointhewinter,about90%oftheseagrassbedstherehavediedoff.Longterm,Floridawillworktohelprestore(恢复)seagrassbeds.Butthatwilltaketime.Scientistsstillworrythathundredsmoremanateescouldstarvethiswinter.20．Whyaremanateessometimescalled“seacows”?A．Theyareasbigascows. B．Theycanswimlikecows.C．Theyhavetailslikecows. D．Theyfeedonplantslikecows.21．Howhasthenumberofmanateeschangedoveryears?A． B． C． D．22．Whichshowsthecorrectorderofthecausesofmanatees’death?A．seapollution→growthofalgae→deathofseegrass→deathofmanateesB．growthofalgae→seapollution→deathofseegrass→deathofmanateesC．seapollution→deathofseegrass→growthofalgae→deathofmanateesD．growthofalgae→deathofseegrass→seapollution→deathofmanatees23．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“block”?A．provide B．prevent C．help D．attract24．Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．ManateesFeedingProgram B．MoneyGiventoSaveManateesC．SeaGrassBedRestoredforManatees D．ReasonsforManatees’DeathStillUnclear【短文大意】本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题以及政府的保护措施。【参考答案】20．细节理解题。根据“Manateesarehugeseaanimalsthatonlyeatseagrassandotherplantsthatliveinthesea.That’sonereasonwhythey’resometimescalled“seacows”可知，因为它们像牛一样以植物为食，故选D。21．细节理解题。根据“Since1967,Florida’smanateeshavebeenontheUSgovernment’slistofendangeredanimals”“Withprotection,thenumberincreased.In2016,thereweremorethan6,000manatees”可知，1967年海牛的数量是比较低的，在政府的保护下，2016年数量有所增长，结合“However,asseagrassbegantodisappear,thenumberofmanateeskeepsgoingdownagain”可知，现在又因为海草的问题，海牛的数量又下降了，B选项符合，故选B。22．细节理解题。根据“Warmingseaswithpollutedwaterhavecreatedhugegrowthsofalgae(藻)ontheocean’ssurface”可知，海水的污染造成了海藻的生长，所以先是seapollution，再是growthofalgae，A选项符合，故选A。23．词义猜测题。根据前文“Warmingseaswithpollutedwaterhavecreatedhugegrowthsofalgae(藻)ontheocean’ssurface.”可知，藻类生长在海洋表面，可以推测，它们会阻挡阳光。所以这里block意思是“阻挡，阻止”，和prevent意思相同。故选B。24．最佳标题题。本文通过描述海牛所面临的问题，来介绍政府为此想出的拯救计划，所以最合适本文的标题是“ManateesFeedingProgram”，故选A。G篇Whentheairispolluted,wewearmasks(口罩)toprotectourselves.Whataboutbeesandbutterflies?Theycan’twearmasks.NewScientistmagazinerecentlyreportedfindingsfromJamesRyallsandhisteamattheUniversityofReading,UK.Theirstudyfoundthatairpollutionisharmfultopollinators(传花粉者)insectslikebeesandbutterflies.Theycan’tsmellflowersbecauseofthepollution.Pollinatorsareimportant.Theyspreadpollenamongplantswithflowers.Thishelpstheflowerproduceseedandfruit.Withoutpollinators,farmscannotmakefood.Weallneedpollinators.Todotheirstudy,Ryalls’teambuilteightareas.Then,theyputnitrogenoxideandozone(氧化氮和臭氧)intosixoftheseareas.Theothertwoareashadnormalair.Theywerethecontrolgroup.“Theresultsweremuchmoreseverethanwethought,”saidRyalls.Intheirtests,thelevelsofpollutioninthesixareasweresimilarto“roadtrafficpollution”.Insuchconditions,70percentfewerinsectsenteredtheareas.Oncetheywerethere,theydidn’thangaround.Visitstoflowersdroppedby90percent.Scientistsexplainedthatgaseslikenitrogenoxideandozonecanbreakdownthesmellofflowers.Thismakesithardforinsectstofindtheirfood.MaybethemostfrighteningthingisthattheresearcherscreatedpollutionlevelsthatcouldbeallowedintheUK.ButShannonOlsson,ascientistinIndia,thoughttheresultswereimportantbecausethestudyshowedthelevelofpollutioncankeeppollinatorsaway.“Airpollutionisanotherstressoninsects,”saidRyall.“Thataddstoalltheotherstresses…causingtheirnumberstodecline(减少).”根据材料内容选择最佳答案。25．Whichofthefollowinganimalscanworkaspollinators?A．Snakes. B．Ants. C．Butterflies. D．Ducks.26．Howisthepollutionharmfultothepollinators?A．Thepollutedairisbadfortheirlungs.B．Thepollutedaircanmakethemdie.C．Thepollutedaircanbreakdownnitrogenoxideandozone.D．Thepollutedairpreventsthemfromsmellingtheflowers.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“severe”meaninChinese?A．严重的 B．严肃的 C．严厉的 D．严格的28．What’sthepurposeoftheexperimentinthetext?A．Totellusthatfarmscan’tmakefoodwithoutpollinators.B．Toprovethatairpollutionisharmfultopollinators.C．Toprovethatnitrogenoxideandozoneareharmfultopeople.D．Totellusthatvisitstoflowersdroppedby90%.29．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Methodsofprotectinginsects B．SomeknowledgeaboutpollinatorsC．Thepressureofthescientists D．Theinfluenceofairpollutiononpollinators【短文大意】本文主要通过实验介绍了关于空气污染对传递花粉的昆虫的影响。【参考答案】25．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theirstudyfoundthatairpollutionisharmfultopollinators(传花粉者)—insectslikebeesandbutterflies.”可知，传花粉者是蜜蜂和蝴蝶。故选C。26．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theirstudyfoundthatairpollutionisharmfultopollinators(传花粉者)—insectslikebeesandbutterflies.Theycan’tsmellflowersbecauseofthepollution.”可知它们闻不到花香，所以它们传播花粉少。故选D。27．词义猜测题。根据后文“Intheirtests,thelevelsofpollutioninthesixareasweresimilarto‘roadtrafficpollution’.Insuchconditions,70percentfewerinsectsenteredtheareas.Oncetheywerethere,theydidn’thangaround.Visitstoflowersdroppedby90percent.”可知，结果比我们想象的更严重。故选A。28．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“MaybethemostfrighteningthingisthattheresearcherscreatedpollutionlevelsthatcouldbeallowedintheUK.ButShannonOlsson,ascientistinIndia,thoughttheresultswereimportantbecausethestudyshowedthelevelofpollutioncankeeppollinatorsaway.”可知，实验的目的为了证明空气污染对传花粉者有害。故选B。29．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，主要是通过实验介绍了关于空气污染对传花粉者的影响。故选D。H篇YoumayhaveheardthattheYangtzeRiverisChina’slongestriver.Itisalmost6,400kilometerslong.Astheworld’sthirdlongestriver,itsvalley(流域)coversonefifthofChina’slandarea.TheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt(长江经济带)coverselevenprovincesandcities,makingupaboutfortypercentofChina’stotalpopulationandGDP.

OnDecember26,2020,ChinapassedtheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw,whichcameintoforceonMarch1,2021.ItisthefirstlawtoprotectawaterwayinChina.

Theriverisingreatneedofprotectionbecausesomethingiswrongwithit.Forexample,becauseofoverfishingandwaterpollution,theriver’sChinesepaddlefishhasdiedoutthere.There’salsodesertifiedlandandsoilpollutionneartheriver.

Accordingtothelaw,fishingwillnotbeallowedinalloftheYangtze’snaturalwaterways,includingitsmajortributaries(支流)andlakes.Thosewhoarecaughtfishingwillbefined(罚款)50,000to500,000yuan.

Diggingsandwillbestrictlylimited(限制)intheriver.Manypaniesarediggingsandalongtheriver.However,thishasledtolowerwaterlevelsoftheriver,whichhascausedtheriver’swatertodecline.

paniesandfactoriesalongtheriverwillneedtofocusongreendevelopment.Iftheiractivitiesdoharmtothewaterways,theywillbemovedaway,thelawsays.30．WhatdoesParagraph1tellusabouttheYangtzeRiver?________A．Howolditis.B．Whyit’simportant.C．Whatproblemsithas.D．Whereitjoinsthesea.31．WhatdoweknowabouttheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw?________A．ItwaspassedonMarch1,2021.B．Itcameintoforceabouttenyearsago.C．Ithasincreasedthepopulationofthearea.D．It’sthefirstlawtoprotectawaterwayinChina.32．WhatdoesParagraph3explain?________A．Whytheriverneedsprotection.B．Howtheriverisbeingpolluted.C．WhenChinesepaddlefishdiedout.D．Howtheriverwillbeprotected.33．Accordingtothepassage,whichistrueaboutprotectingtheriver?________A．Peoplecan’tfishintheriver’smajortributaries.B．Diggingsandwillnotbeallowedintheriveranymore.C．paniesalongtheriverwillbemovedtootherplaces.D．Anyonewhocausespollutionwillbefinedatleast50,000yuan.【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了保护中国最长的河流——长江的必要性以及我国第一部保护航道的法律《长江保护法》的相关内容。【参考答案】30．主旨大意题。根据“Astheworld’sthirdlongestriver,itsvalley(流域)coversonefifthofChina’slandarea.TheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt(长江经济带)coverselevenprovincesandcities,makingupaboutfortypercentofChina’stotalpopulationandGDP.”可知，作为世界第三长的河流，它的河谷覆盖了中国五分之一的土地面积，它的流经区域的经济带覆盖了11个省市，约占中国总人口和GDP的40%，所以本段列举了长江在中国的地位和流经区域的经济发展情况，所以是叙述长江的重要性。故选B。31．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“ItisthefirstlawtoprotectawaterwayinChina.”可知，这是我国第一部保护航道的法律。故选D。32．主旨大意题。根据第三段首句“Theriverisingreatneedofprotectionbecausesomethingiswrongwithit.”并结合后面的例子可知，这条河非常需要保护，因为它出了问题，所以此处讲了为什么要保护河流。故选A。33．推理判断题。根据第五段首句“Diggingsandwillbestrictlylimited(限制)intheriver.”可知，在河中挖沙将受到严格限制，即不允许再挖沙了。故选B。二、阅读还原7选5根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theearthisabout4,600millionyearsold.Andwehavechangedourplanetalotinmanyways.___34___Allovertheworld,peoplehavecutdownmillionsoftrees,somoreandmorekindsofanimalsandplantsaredisappearing.Inbigcities,factorieshavepollutedthelandandthewater.___35___Aroundtheearth,there’saspecialkindofoxygen(O2)called“ozone(O3)”.___36___Butnowairpollutionisdestroyingitandhasmadeaverybigholeintheozonelayer(臭氧层).Toomuchharmfullightfromthesunpassesthroughitandreachestheearthdirectly.Thisisverydangerousbecauseitcancausecancer.Carbondioxide(CO2)intheairhasincreasedalot.Itmainlyesfromdifferentkindsofburningmaterials.Ithasformeda“blanket(毛毯)”aroundtheearth.Theheatfromthesuncan’tescape,sothetemperatureisrising.___37___Therefore,thiscausestheleveloftheoceantorise.___38___Wemustdosomethingtostopourearthfrombeingpolluted.A．Alltheseproblemsareveryserious.B．Weneedtorecyclesomerubbish.C．Somethingswe’vedoneareverygoodfortheearthwhilesomearebad.D．Itisimportanttotheearth.E．Thismakesourearthbeewarmerandwarmer.F．Carsandbuseshavepollutedtheair.G．Alotofpeopledieofairandwaterpollution.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了对地球造成破坏的两个问题：臭氧层被破坏和温室效应，提倡大家保护地球。【参考答案】34．根据“wehavechangedourplanetalotinmanyways”可知，此处说的是我们对地球的改变，选项C“我们所做的一些事情是对地球非常好的，而有些是有害的。”符合语境。故选C。35．根据“Allovertheworld,peoplehavecutdownmillionsoftrees,somoreandmorekindsofanimalsandplantsaredisappearing.Inbigcities,factorieshavepollutedthelandandthewater.”可知，此处是举例讲对地球的具体破坏，选项F“汽车和公共汽车污染了空气。”符合语境。故选F。36．根据“Aroundtheearth,there’saspecialkindofoxygen(O2)called‘ozone(O3)’.”可知，此处是说臭氧的重要性，选项D“它对地球很重要。”符合语境。故选D。37．根据“Theheatfromthesuncan’tescape,sothetemperatureisrising.”可知，此处是说温度上升对地球的影响，选项E“这使得我们的地球变得越来越温暖。”符合语境。故选E。38．根据“Wemustdosomethingtostopourearthfrombeingpolluted.”可知，此处是说问题严重，必须采取措施，选项A“所有的这些问题都非常严重。”符合语境。故选A。三、短文首字母填空在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。Haveyouseenpiecesoflitteraroundwhereyoulive?Droppinglitterdoesn’tlooknice;itcanharmtheenvironmentanditisactuallya____39____thelaw.Littermeansallsortsofthingsthathavebeendroppedinapublicspace,includingbottles,cans,cigaretteends,crisppacketsandsweetwrappers.Littercollectsonstreetsandpaths,inbushes,parks,riversandtrees.Itcantakehundredsofyearstodepose(slowlybreakdownanddisappear)andcand____40____thesoil.Wildlifes____41____becauseoflitter.Animalscangetinjured