第二章第3讲-介词＆形容词副词-学案

第二章语法复习第3讲介词＆形容词副词学习目标1.掌握常见的时间介词、地点介词等用法，并学会灵活运用；2.掌握形容词副词的变化规则和比较级最高级的变化规则，并学会灵活运用。【进门测试】介词选词/短语填空in,on,at1．Shetoldmeastory_______September22.2．WeleftHangzhou_______theafternoonofOctober15.3．Hecalledme________Sundaymorning.4．Mydaughterwasborn_____July1961.5．TheFirstWorldWarended_______1918.6．Ishalltakeaholiday_______summer.7．Wouldyouliketomeetwithme_______halfpastseven?between,

infrontof,

beside,

on8．—Isthereasupermarketnearhere?—Yes,thereisasupermarket______CityStreet.9．—Where’sXinhuaPark?—It’s______HongqiSupermarketandtheBankofChina.10．Thelibraryis______thesupermarket.Youdon’thavetocross(过)theroad.11．ForestHotelis______thepark.AndtheparkisbehindForestHotel.形容词副词一、单选题1．Davidwasvery______.Helaughed______.(

)A．happy;loud B．happily;loudly C．happy;loudly2．—What’stheweatherlikeinBeijing?(

)—Itis______.A．cloudy B．sun C．snow3．Don’tshout______.Pleasebe______.(

)A．loudly;quiet B．loud;quiet C．loudly;quietly4．Mycityisa__________place.Youcanhearmany__________here.(

)A．noisy,noise B．noisy,noises C．noise,noisy5．Pleasetalk_____inthelibrary.(

)A．quiet B．quietly C．loud D．active6．Mymumlooks_____,andshelooksatme_____.(

)A．angry;angrily B．sadly;quietly C．angrily;sadly7．MrLiutaughthisbabyin________waysandheansweredhisquestions________.(

)A．wise;wisely B．wisely;wise C．wise;wise D．wisely;wisely二、用单词正确形式填空8．Ifeel______(excite)aboutthe______(excite)film.9．Tokeep______(health),wecandomoresport.10．Itwillbecoldbut_____(sun)tomorrow.11．Therearemany_____(interest)placesintheBeijing.12．Ithinkitis_______(wind)andwarminspring.13．Allthekidsfeel_______(happy)onChildren’sDay.14．Theoceansare_____(importance)toallanimalsontheEarth.15．It’s_____(danger)tostandinfrontofthemovingcar.16．Idon’tlikethe________(sun).Ilike________(snow)weather.17．—Whatistheweatherliketoday?

—It’s________(fog).18．Mybrotherisrunning______(fast)intheplayground.19．Theyaresinging______.(excited)20．Youcancrosstheroadwithotherpeople.Thenthe______(drive)canseeyou______(easy).21．MissLiandherstudentsaretalkingaboutroad______(safe).Sheknowshowtocrosstheroad______(safe).22．Mysisterdancesvery______(good).23．Theoldmanwalked_____(slow)inthepark.24．Look!Thehorseisrunning____(quick).【多元导学】【互动精讲】知识点一：介词介词介词，又叫前置词，表示其后的名词或代词（或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句）与其他句子成分的关系，介词是一种虚词，不能单独在句中作成分。介词大致可分为时间介词、方位介词、方向介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他意义的介词等。一、时间介词时间介词是表示时间的介词。小学阶段常用的时间介词有：in,on,at,from,before,atfter,for等。1.in用来表示在较长的时间内，通常与表示年、月、季节的单词连用或与上午、下午、晚上等词连用。如：inMay在五月 in2022在2022年inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上2.on用来表示在具体的某一天或某一天的早晨、下午或晚上。如：onSunday/Tuesday在星期日/星期二onthethirdofMay在五月三日3.at用来表示在某一具体时刻，将某一段时间看作某一时刻时也用at，表示“在………期间”，在某个节日也用at、如：atseveno'clock在七点钟 atnoon在正午4.from用来表示某动作从某段时间开始，常与to构成短语from...to...意为“从…到…”.如：fromsixinthemorningtotwointheafternoon从早上六点到下午两点5.before用来表示时间先后，意为“在……之前”。如：Tomgotupbefore6o’clockthismorning.汤姆今天早晨在6点之前起床了。6.after也用来表示时间先后，意为“在…之后”。如：Afterthat,webecamegoodfriends,在那以后，我们成了好朋友。7.for意为“达…之久”，表示过了多少时间，可以和一般现在时、过去时和将来时连用。如：We'llstayinShanghaiforthreeweeks.我们将待在上海三周。二、方位介词1.on用于两个物体的表面相互接触时，意为“在…上面”。如：onthedesk/chair在课桌/椅子上2.in用来表示在某物里面，也可以表示在一个面积较大的地方。如：inNanjing在南京intheroom在房间里3.at用来表示在某个面积较小的地方。如：atthebusstop在公交车站4.under用来表示在某一物体的正下方。如：underthebed/table在床/桌子下5.behind用来表示在某物的后面，与infrontof意思相反。如：behindthedoor在门后面6.beside意为“在……的旁边”，如：Tomsitsbesideme.汤姆坐在我旁边。三、方向介词1.to用来表示前往某地或朝某个方向运动，意为“向…，往……到……”如：Theygottotheparkatsevenyesterday.他们昨天七点到达公园。2.from用来表示从某个起点开始，意为“来自……从……”.如：HeesfromtheUSA.他来自美国。3.along用来表示“沿着……”.如：Goalongthisroadandturnleftatthetrafficlights.沿着这条路走，在交通灯处向左转。4.outof用来表示从里向外的运动方向。如：Tomislookingoutofthewindow.汤姆正在向窗外看。5.up用来表示由下而上的动作方向，意为“向上,沿着……向上”，如：WeclimbedupthehilllastSaturday我们上周六登山了。6.down用来表示由上而下的动作方向，意为“向下，沿着……向下”，如：sitdown坐下cutdown砍倒介词辨析【知识梳理1】1）in,on和toinontoin表示在某一地区之内的某方位（属于该范围）；ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.to表示在某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）；JapanliestotheeastofChina.on表示与某地是毗邻关系（两地接壤）。MongolialiesonthenorthofChina.【例题精讲】Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.

A.to;in

B.in;to

C.on;to

D.to;on例2.HongKongis______thesouthofChina,andMacaois______thewestofHongKong.

A.in;to

B.to;to

C.to;in

D.in;in【知识梳理2】over、above和on、below和underbelowaboveoverbelowaboveoveronunderonunderon指“在……上面”表示与表面接触。其反义词是beneath。Thereisaglassonthedesk.Thereisanotebeneaththedesk.above指“在……之上”指相对高度，不一定是正上方，其反义词是below。Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.over指“在……之上”指垂直之上，正上方，其反义词是under。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Therearemanybikesunderthetree.below和underbelow表示“在下方或位置低于……”，不一定有“垂直在下”之意；under表示“在……正下方”。Therearemanybikesunderthetrees.Thetemperaturewillfallbelowzerotomorrow.【例题精讲】例1.Doyouseethekite___thebuilding.

A.over

B.cross

C.on

D.above例2.Twoplanesareflying___thevillage.A.through

B.overC.onD.belowKeys:1.D2.B【知识梳理3】infrontof和inthefrontofinfrontof表示“在……之前”，可用before替换（范围外）。Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”（范围内）。Ourteacherusuallystandsinthefrontoftheclassroom.Thebusdriverisat/inthefrontofthebus.（“在…内部的前面”）Theoldwomanisinfrontofthebus.(“在…外部的前面”)Thewomenisatthebackofthebus.(“在…内部的后面”)Thelittlegirlisbehindthebus.(“在…外部的后面”)【例题精讲】例1.Mikesits____theclassroomwhileTomsits____theroom.

A.infrontof;atbackof

B.inthefrontof;atthebackof

C.infrontof;atthebackof

D.inthefrontof;atbackof例2.Thereisariverthehouse. A.between B.inthefrontofC.infrontof D. besideto【知识梳理4】方式状语1）by，in和on表示交通方式用by时，交通工具前不用任何限定词；如：bybike骑自行车bybus乘公交车bycar乘车用on或in时，名词前应该有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰限定词；在开放型或半开放型工具前用on（空间大的）,在封闭型工具前用in（空间小的）。如：inthisplane乘坐这班飞机onanearlytrain乘坐早班的火车onmybike骑我的自行车注意：步行onfoot步行2）by，in，with表示手段或工具1.with多指用工具、身体的某个部位或器官，通常用于具体的事物，意为“使用”。如：Canyoumakeasentencewith“laugh”?你能用“laugh”造句吗?2.by表示“通过……方法/手段”，通常用于比较抽象的事物。如：bybike/plane/taxi骑自行车/乘飞机/乘出租车bysellingflowers通过买花bysingingsongs通过唱歌3.in多指用什么语言或材料；穿着什么颜色的衣服等。如：inEnglish用英语inink用墨水【例题精讲】例1.YoucanimproveyourEnglish_______practicingmore．A．by B．with C.of D．in例2.Inexamswemustwrite________apeninsteadof_______pencils.(用适当的介词填空)【课堂练习】LilywenttoBeijingbyplaneyesterday.(同义句转换)Lily________________Beijingyesterday.Mymothertakesmetoschoolwithhiscar.（同义句转换）Igotoschool_______mymother’s________.Abatfindsthingswithitsears.（划线部分提问）________________abatfindthing?IamgoingtogotoBeijingbyair.(划线提问)________________yougoingtogotoBeijing?知识点二：形容词副词用法【知识梳理1】一、形容词的用法

1.

形容词修饰名词，并且放在名词的前面，这时形容词在句子中作定语

例如：a

beautiful

lady,a

tall

man,a

big

house

A

beautiful

lady

is

standing

in

front

of

a

tall

man.

2.

形容词放在be动词的后面，这时形容词在句子中作表语/主语补足语。

例如：The

lady

is

tall.

(tall在句子中作表语，说明lady是怎么样的)

The

beautiful

lady

is

tall.

(beautiful在句子中作定语，tall作表语)

The

beautiful

lady

is

tall

and

slim.

3.形容词做宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语。例如：keepsb./sth.+adj.Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean.makesb./sth.+adj.Wehadbettermakeourcitymoreandmorebeautiful.二、副词的用法

1.

副词修饰动词，并且通常放在实义动词后面，这是副词在句子中作方式状语。

例如：The

man

runs

fast.

(fast修饰runs这个动作)

2.

副词修饰形容词，并且通常放在形容词的前面

例如：He

bees

very

handsome.

She

looks

very

beautiful.

在“副词+形容词”这样的结构中，中心词是形容词，副词只是为了说明程度大小

即：very

handsome的中心词是handsome

3.

副词前面也可以加副词，例如上面的句子都可以改写成：

The

man

runs

very

fast.

She

jumps

very

high.

very本身是副词，意思是“非常，很”，所以后面也可以跟副词或者形容词。4.副词修饰整个句子例如：Luckily,theywonthegameatlast.副词的分类及位置：

时间副词：today,

tomorrow,

yesterday,

now...位置：放句尾或句首。如：WewenttoBeijingyesterday.频率副词：usually,always,

often,never,sometimes...位置：be动词之后，实意动词之前。如：Heusuallygoestoschoolbybus.Tomisalwayslate.地点副词：here,

there,

down,

up,home...位置：经常放在动词后面，如：ehere，sitdown,pickup....方式副词：slowly,

hard,

fast

...位置：经常放在句尾，如：Heworksveryhard.程度副词：very,

much,

too

...位置：一般放在形容词或副词前面，如：Weareveryhappy.疑问副词：why,

where,

when,how...位置：句首，如：Wheredidyougolastweek?有些词既是形容词也是副词

hard

adj.硬的

adv.努力地

early

adj.早的

adv.早地high

adj.&adv.

高

well

adj.健康地

adv.好

I

don’t

feel

well.我觉得不舒服;Well

done.做得好late

adj.迟的

adv.迟

be

late

for

(school)

(上学)迟到三、形容词变副词

基本规则1.一般在形容词后加ly,

如：quickquickly

2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i,

加ly,

如：happyhappily

3.以ue

结尾的形容词，去e加ly,

如：truetruly

注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，fast,

hard,

high,

late,

far等，它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。有些以ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词,friendly,

lovely等。四、形容词副词比较级最高级【例题精讲】一、单选题1．—HowistheweatherinDing’an?(

)—It’s_____thanthatinBeijing.A．hot B．hotter C．thehottest2．Theweathergets______.(

)A．colderandcold B．coldandcolder C．colderandcolder3．Tomis______thanJack.(

)A．heavy B．heavier C．theheaviest4．Thatappleis_________thanthisone.(

)A．big B．bigger C．small5．Myfatheris______thanbefore.(

)A．thiner B．thinner C．tall6．Youare______thanme.(

)A．old B．young C．younger7．ZhangPengis______thanWuBinbin.(

)A．short B．tall C．taller D．tallest8．Jimworksvery_________,hisbrotherworks_________thanhim.(

)A．hard;harder B．harder;harder C．hard;hard9．Thetigercanrun________thanthedog.(

)A．faster B．fastest C．fast10．Youarethin,soyoushouldeat_____andputonweight.(

)A．many B．less C．more11．Whodoeshomework___________inyourclass?(

)A．carefully B．mostcarefully C．morecarefully D．careful二、用单词正确形式填空12．NowShanghaihasbeeoneof_____(beautiful)citiesinChina.13．Whalesarethe_____(large)animalsontheEarth.14．Sandydoesherhomework_______(careful)thanTom.15．WuYifancanrun______(fast)thanJohn.16．Eating________(little)meatandmorefruitisgoodforus.17．—Annieplaysthepianovery___________(good).—Aliceplaysit___________(good)thanAnnie.Sueplaysitthe___________(good).18．Whowrites_____(careful),JimorJohn?19．Jimmyjumps_____(low)thanhiscousin.【课堂检测】介词一、单选题1．Theysleep_______20hoursaday.(

)A．from B．for C．to2．Shewasborn______October12th,2003.(

)A．in B．with C．on3．Treesinthegarden________yellow________autumneveryyear.(

)A．bee;in B．became;on C．bees;in4．Myfatherusually______books______Sundaymorning.(

)A．read;in B．reading;on C．reads;on5．MarywillgotoCanada__________May20th.()A．in B．on C．at6．Thedinosaurisbigger______theelephant.(

)A．to B．than C．of7．—Howmanybirdsarethere________thetree?()—Seven.A．in B．on C．for8．Ourclassroomis_______thefourthfloor.(

)A．in B．on C．at9．Thepostofficeisbehindthepark.Theparkis_________thepostoffice.(

)A．infrontof B．nextto C．over D．behind10．—Whatdoyouusuallydo______ChineseNewYear?(

)—Weusuallywatchliondances______ChineseNewYear’sEve.A．on;at B．at;on C．on;on11．Mikewenttothefarm________StarLake________NationalDay.(

)A．in;on B．near;at C．near;on12．Theybroughtlunch________thepark.(

)A．to B．for C．in D．out13．There________manypears________thetree.(

)A．was;on B．were;inside C．are;on D．are;in14．What’sthematter________him?(

)A．with B．to C．for D．of15．Youcanseethebusstop_______yourright.(

)A．in B．on C．at16．Whenyouwalkacrosstheroad,youmustwait__________thepavement__________thegreenman.(

)A．for;at B．on;for C．for;of17．Theboy_________ablueTshirtismycousin.

(

)A．in B．with C．fit18．Iwanttoflyaspaceship______themoon.(

)A．for B．to C．in19．Ioftengotothepark_______bus_______myfriends.(

)A．on;with B．by;and C．by;with20．Pleaseetomyparty________halfpastfive________Saturdayafternoon.(

)A．in;of B．at;in C．at;on形容词副词一、单选题1．Wehadan________partylastnight.Wewere________attheparty.(

)A．excitedly;exciting B．excited;exciting C．exciting;excited2．It'ssometimes________insummerthere.It________yesterday.(

)A．rainy;rained B．rainy;rains C．rains;rainy3．Peterhad________meatand________mangoesforbreakfastyesterdaymorning.(

)A．alittle;afew B．afew;alittle C．any;some4．Itisnot________torideontheleftsideoftheroadinChina.(

)A．safely B．safety C．safe5．Thepolicemanwas________.Heshoutedattheman________.(

)A．angry;angrily B．angrily;angry C．angrily;angrily6．Herfatherisalways________.Heoftenlaughs________.(

)A．happy;happy B．happy;happily C．happily;happy7．Thechildrenare______aboutthe______footballgame.They'reshouting______intheplayground.(

)A．excited;exciting;excitedly B．exciting;excited;excitedly C．excitedly;exciting;excited8．Thisworkis_________formethanforyou.(

)A．difficult B．mostdifficult C．muchdifficult D．moredifficult9．Atyphoonismuch______thanastrongwind.(

)A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．thestrongest10．ChineseNewYearis________importantfestivalinChina.(

)A．themost B．most C．more11．WangBingisa__________boy.Heiswriting__________now.(

)A．carefully;carefully B．carefully;careful C．careful;carefully12．Helenisa__________student.Shedoes__________ineverysubject.(

)A．good;good B．well;good C．good;well13．Look,thestudentsarereadinginthelibrary.Youcan’tspeak_________.(

)A．loud B．loudly C．quiet D．quietly14．Myparentslooked_________.Theylookedatme_________.(

)A．angry;angry B．angry;angrilyC．angrily;angry D．beangry;angrily15．It’stoolate.Mysisterrunstoschool_________.(

)A．quick B．slow C．quickly D．slowly16．Amywilletomybirthdayparty________halfpastthree________theafternoonofSunday.(

)A．in;on B．at;in C．at;on D．in;in17．Thequeenwalked________thecity________anewdress.(

)A．through;with B．through;in C．on;in18．InBeijing,weshoulddrive________the________sideoftheroad.(

)A．on;left B．at;left C．on;right19．Mybirthdayis_______June.AndIwasborn(出生)_______4thJune.()A．in;on B．on;at C．with;for20．TheDrawingGameis______3:00______theafternoon.(

)A．in;in B．at;at C．at;in21．Go_______thestreetandturnleft_______thesecondcrossing.(

)A．long;at B．away;to C．along;at D．along;to22．—___________willyougettoLondon?(

)—___________plane.A．When;By B．When;Take C．How;By23．Threegirls_________thebird_________abag.(

)A．caught;to B．catches;in C．caught;with24．Marylives________Australia,butsheis________theUK.(

)A．from;from B．from;in C．in;from D．in;in25．_________Sundaymorning,Petergoestovisitthemuseum_________abiggardeninfrontofit.(

)A．On;with B．On;has C．In;has D．In;with26．Let’smeet________twoo'clockattheschoolgate.(

)A．in B．at C．on D．for27．There_____aparty_____LiuTao’shousenextweek.(

)A．is;on B．isgoingtobe;at C．is;at28．Shallwemeet_____ten_____frontofgateofthezoo?(

)A．on;in B．in;at C．at;in D．at;at29．There____alotoforanges_______thetrees.(

)A．is;in B．is;on C．are;in D．are;on二、用单词正确形式填空30．Sheis____(excite)____(hear)the____(excite)news.31．Thecoatfitsyou______(good).It’svery______(well)tohavesobeautifulcoat.32．Allthepeopleare________(excite)abouttheshowsinthezoo.33．Benis________(interesting)inPE.Sohe’sgoodatit.34．Plant______(many)trees,theyhelp______(keep)theairclean.35．Theskirtismuch_________(big)forme.36．Ifyouwanttobestronger,youshoulddo______(many)sport.37．Theworkergotuplatethismorning.Heran______(quick)tothefactory.三、完形填空Vegetablesandfruitarehealthyfood.Itisgoodforus.Manypeopleknowthis.AnEnglishcatalso____38____this.Thecat’s____39____isDante.Itdoesn’tlikemeat,butitlikeseatingfruitandvegetables.Manyscientistsdon’tknow____40____.MissBeckyisthecat’smaster(主人).Atfirst,she____41____Dantesomemeatandfish.Thecatis____42____.ThenshegivesDantesomebananasand____43____.Thecatisveryhappy.Itisinteresting,right?38．A．takes B．learns C．knows39．A．name B．family C．friend40．A．where B．what C．why41．A．asks B．gives C．makes42．A．unhappy B．tired C．happy43．A．fish B．tomatoes C．meat四、阅读选择Recently,anewvirus(病毒)calledCOVID19isspreading(传播)fastintheworld.It’sverysmall—sosmallthatwecan’tseeit.Alotofpeopleintheworldgetsick.Peopleusuallyshowsymptoms(症状)suchas(例如)runnynose,cough,breathlessness(呼吸困难)andfever.Therearesomethingswecandotoprotectourselves:·oftenwashourhands；

·donotgettogether；·donotgotocrowded(拥