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第二章语法复习第3讲介词&形容词副词学习目标1.掌握常见的时间介词、地点介词等用法,并学会灵活运用;2.掌握形容词副词的变化规则和比较级最高级的变化规则,并学会灵活运用。【进门测试】介词选词/短语填空in,on,at1.Shetoldmeastory_______September22.2.WeleftHangzhou_______theafternoonofOctober15.3.Hecalledme________Sundaymorning.4.Mydaughterwasborn_____July1961.5.TheFirstWorldWarended_______1918.6.Ishalltakeaholiday_______summer.7.Wouldyouliketomeetwithme_______halfpastseven?between,
infrontof,
beside,
on8.—Isthereasupermarketnearhere?—Yes,thereisasupermarket______CityStreet.9.—Where’sXinhuaPark?—It’s______HongqiSupermarketandtheBankofChina.10.Thelibraryis______thesupermarket.Youdon’thavetocross(过)theroad.11.ForestHotelis______thepark.AndtheparkisbehindForestHotel.形容词副词一、单选题1.Davidwasvery______.Helaughed______.(
)A.happy;loud B.happily;loudly C.happy;loudly2.—What’stheweatherlikeinBeijing?(
)—Itis______.A.cloudy B.sun C.snow3.Don’tshout______.Pleasebe______.(
)A.loudly;quiet B.loud;quiet C.loudly;quietly4.Mycityisa__________place.Youcanhearmany__________here.(
)A.noisy,noise B.noisy,noises C.noise,noisy5.Pleasetalk_____inthelibrary.(
)A.quiet B.quietly C.loud D.active6.Mymumlooks_____,andshelooksatme_____.(
)A.angry;angrily B.sadly;quietly C.angrily;sadly7.MrLiutaughthisbabyin________waysandheansweredhisquestions________.(
)A.wise;wisely B.wisely;wise C.wise;wise D.wisely;wisely二、用单词正确形式填空8.Ifeel______(excite)aboutthe______(excite)film.9.Tokeep______(health),wecandomoresport.10.Itwillbecoldbut_____(sun)tomorrow.11.Therearemany_____(interest)placesintheBeijing.12.Ithinkitis_______(wind)andwarminspring.13.Allthekidsfeel_______(happy)onChildren’sDay.14.Theoceansare_____(importance)toallanimalsontheEarth.15.It’s_____(danger)tostandinfrontofthemovingcar.16.Idon’tlikethe________(sun).Ilike________(snow)weather.17.—Whatistheweatherliketoday?
—It’s________(fog).18.Mybrotherisrunning______(fast)intheplayground.19.Theyaresinging______.(excited)20.Youcancrosstheroadwithotherpeople.Thenthe______(drive)canseeyou______(easy).21.MissLiandherstudentsaretalkingaboutroad______(safe).Sheknowshowtocrosstheroad______(safe).22.Mysisterdancesvery______(good).23.Theoldmanwalked_____(slow)inthepark.24.Look!Thehorseisrunning____(quick).【多元导学】【互动精讲】知识点一:介词介词介词,又叫前置词,表示其后的名词或代词(或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系,介词是一种虚词,不能单独在句中作成分。介词大致可分为时间介词、方位介词、方向介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他意义的介词等。一、时间介词时间介词是表示时间的介词。小学阶段常用的时间介词有:in,on,at,from,before,atfter,for等。1.in用来表示在较长的时间内,通常与表示年、月、季节的单词连用或与上午、下午、晚上等词连用。如:inMay在五月 in2022在2022年inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上2.on用来表示在具体的某一天或某一天的早晨、下午或晚上。如:onSunday/Tuesday在星期日/星期二onthethirdofMay在五月三日3.at用来表示在某一具体时刻,将某一段时间看作某一时刻时也用at,表示“在………期间”,在某个节日也用at、如:atseveno'clock在七点钟 atnoon在正午4.from用来表示某动作从某段时间开始,常与to构成短语from...to...意为“从…到…”.如:fromsixinthemorningtotwointheafternoon从早上六点到下午两点5.before用来表示时间先后,意为“在……之前”。如:Tomgotupbefore6o’clockthismorning.汤姆今天早晨在6点之前起床了。6.after也用来表示时间先后,意为“在…之后”。如:Afterthat,webecamegoodfriends,在那以后,我们成了好朋友。7.for意为“达…之久”,表示过了多少时间,可以和一般现在时、过去时和将来时连用。如:We'llstayinShanghaiforthreeweeks.我们将待在上海三周。二、方位介词1.on用于两个物体的表面相互接触时,意为“在…上面”。如:onthedesk/chair在课桌/椅子上2.in用来表示在某物里面,也可以表示在一个面积较大的地方。如:inNanjing在南京intheroom在房间里3.at用来表示在某个面积较小的地方。如:atthebusstop在公交车站4.under用来表示在某一物体的正下方。如:underthebed/table在床/桌子下5.behind用来表示在某物的后面,与infrontof意思相反。如:behindthedoor在门后面6.beside意为“在……的旁边”,如:Tomsitsbesideme.汤姆坐在我旁边。三、方向介词1.to用来表示前往某地或朝某个方向运动,意为“向…,往……到……”如:Theygottotheparkatsevenyesterday.他们昨天七点到达公园。2.from用来表示从某个起点开始,意为“来自……从……”.如:HeesfromtheUSA.他来自美国。3.along用来表示“沿着……”.如:Goalongthisroadandturnleftatthetrafficlights.沿着这条路走,在交通灯处向左转。4.outof用来表示从里向外的运动方向。如:Tomislookingoutofthewindow.汤姆正在向窗外看。5.up用来表示由下而上的动作方向,意为“向上,沿着……向上”,如:WeclimbedupthehilllastSaturday我们上周六登山了。6.down用来表示由上而下的动作方向,意为“向下,沿着……向下”,如:sitdown坐下cutdown砍倒介词辨析【知识梳理1】1)in,on和toinontoin表示在某一地区之内的某方位(属于该范围);ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.to表示在某一地区之外的某方位(不属于该范围);JapanliestotheeastofChina.on表示与某地是毗邻关系(两地接壤)。MongolialiesonthenorthofChina.【例题精讲】Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.
A.to;in
B.in;to
C.on;to
D.to;on例2.HongKongis______thesouthofChina,andMacaois______thewestofHongKong.
A.in;to
B.to;to
C.to;in
D.in;in【知识梳理2】over、above和on、below和underbelowaboveoverbelowaboveoveronunderonunderon指“在……上面”表示与表面接触。其反义词是beneath。Thereisaglassonthedesk.Thereisanotebeneaththedesk.above指“在……之上”指相对高度,不一定是正上方,其反义词是below。Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.over指“在……之上”指垂直之上,正上方,其反义词是under。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Therearemanybikesunderthetree.below和underbelow表示“在下方或位置低于……”,不一定有“垂直在下”之意;under表示“在……正下方”。Therearemanybikesunderthetrees.Thetemperaturewillfallbelowzerotomorrow.【例题精讲】例1.Doyouseethekite___thebuilding.
A.over
B.cross
C.on
D.above例2.Twoplanesareflying___thevillage.A.through
B.overC.onD.belowKeys:1.D2.B【知识梳理3】infrontof和inthefrontofinfrontof表示“在……之前”,可用before替换(范围外)。Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”(范围内)。Ourteacherusuallystandsinthefrontoftheclassroom.Thebusdriverisat/inthefrontofthebus.(“在…内部的前面”)Theoldwomanisinfrontofthebus.(“在…外部的前面”)Thewomenisatthebackofthebus.(“在…内部的后面”)Thelittlegirlisbehindthebus.(“在…外部的后面”)【例题精讲】例1.Mikesits____theclassroomwhileTomsits____theroom.
A.infrontof;atbackof
B.inthefrontof;atthebackof
C.infrontof;atthebackof
D.inthefrontof;atbackof例2.Thereisariverthehouse. A.between B.inthefrontofC.infrontof D. besideto【知识梳理4】方式状语1)by,in和on表示交通方式用by时,交通工具前不用任何限定词;如:bybike骑自行车bybus乘公交车bycar乘车用on或in时,名词前应该有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰限定词;在开放型或半开放型工具前用on(空间大的),在封闭型工具前用in(空间小的)。如:inthisplane乘坐这班飞机onanearlytrain乘坐早班的火车onmybike骑我的自行车注意:步行onfoot步行2)by,in,with表示手段或工具1.with多指用工具、身体的某个部位或器官,通常用于具体的事物,意为“使用”。如:Canyoumakeasentencewith“laugh”?你能用“laugh”造句吗?2.by表示“通过……方法/手段”,通常用于比较抽象的事物。如:bybike/plane/taxi骑自行车/乘飞机/乘出租车bysellingflowers通过买花bysingingsongs通过唱歌3.in多指用什么语言或材料;穿着什么颜色的衣服等。如:inEnglish用英语inink用墨水【例题精讲】例1.YoucanimproveyourEnglish_______practicingmore.A.by B.with C.of D.in例2.Inexamswemustwrite________apeninsteadof_______pencils.(用适当的介词填空)【课堂练习】LilywenttoBeijingbyplaneyesterday.(同义句转换)Lily________________Beijingyesterday.Mymothertakesmetoschoolwithhiscar.(同义句转换)Igotoschool_______mymother’s________.Abatfindsthingswithitsears.(划线部分提问)________________abatfindthing?IamgoingtogotoBeijingbyair.(划线提问)________________yougoingtogotoBeijing?知识点二:形容词副词用法【知识梳理1】一、形容词的用法
1.
形容词修饰名词,并且放在名词的前面,这时形容词在句子中作定语
例如:a
beautiful
lady,a
tall
man,a
big
house
A
beautiful
lady
is
standing
in
front
of
a
tall
man.
2.
形容词放在be动词的后面,这时形容词在句子中作表语/主语补足语。
例如:The
lady
is
tall.
(tall在句子中作表语,说明lady是怎么样的)
The
beautiful
lady
is
tall.
(beautiful在句子中作定语,tall作表语)
The
beautiful
lady
is
tall
and
slim.
3.形容词做宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语。例如:keepsb./sth.+adj.Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean.makesb./sth.+adj.Wehadbettermakeourcitymoreandmorebeautiful.二、副词的用法
1.
副词修饰动词,并且通常放在实义动词后面,这是副词在句子中作方式状语。
例如:The
man
runs
fast.
(fast修饰runs这个动作)
2.
副词修饰形容词,并且通常放在形容词的前面
例如:He
bees
very
handsome.
She
looks
very
beautiful.
在“副词+形容词”这样的结构中,中心词是形容词,副词只是为了说明程度大小
即:very
handsome的中心词是handsome
3.
副词前面也可以加副词,例如上面的句子都可以改写成:
The
man
runs
very
fast.
She
jumps
very
high.
very本身是副词,意思是“非常,很”,所以后面也可以跟副词或者形容词。4.副词修饰整个句子例如:Luckily,theywonthegameatlast.副词的分类及位置:
时间副词:today,
tomorrow,
yesterday,
now...位置:放句尾或句首。如:WewenttoBeijingyesterday.频率副词:usually,always,
often,never,sometimes...位置:be动词之后,实意动词之前。如:Heusuallygoestoschoolbybus.Tomisalwayslate.地点副词:here,
there,
down,
up,home...位置:经常放在动词后面,如:ehere,sitdown,pickup....方式副词:slowly,
hard,
fast
...位置:经常放在句尾,如:Heworksveryhard.程度副词:very,
much,
too
...位置:一般放在形容词或副词前面,如:Weareveryhappy.疑问副词:why,
where,
when,how...位置:句首,如:Wheredidyougolastweek?有些词既是形容词也是副词
hard
adj.硬的
adv.努力地
early
adj.早的
adv.早地high
adj.&adv.
高
well
adj.健康地
adv.好
I
don’t
feel
well.我觉得不舒服;Well
done.做得好late
adj.迟的
adv.迟
be
late
for
(school)
(上学)迟到三、形容词变副词
基本规则1.一般在形容词后加ly,
如:quickquickly
2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i,
加ly,
如:happyhappily
3.以ue
结尾的形容词,去e加ly,
如:truetruly
注:有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性,fast,
hard,
high,
late,
far等,它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。有些以ly结尾的词不是副词,而是形容词,friendly,
lovely等。四、形容词副词比较级最高级【例题精讲】一、单选题1.—HowistheweatherinDing’an?(
)—It’s_____thanthatinBeijing.A.hot B.hotter C.thehottest2.Theweathergets______.(
)A.colderandcold B.coldandcolder C.colderandcolder3.Tomis______thanJack.(
)A.heavy B.heavier C.theheaviest4.Thatappleis_________thanthisone.(
)A.big B.bigger C.small5.Myfatheris______thanbefore.(
)A.thiner B.thinner C.tall6.Youare______thanme.(
)A.old B.young C.younger7.ZhangPengis______thanWuBinbin.(
)A.short B.tall C.taller D.tallest8.Jimworksvery_________,hisbrotherworks_________thanhim.(
)A.hard;harder B.harder;harder C.hard;hard9.Thetigercanrun________thanthedog.(
)A.faster B.fastest C.fast10.Youarethin,soyoushouldeat_____andputonweight.(
)A.many B.less C.more11.Whodoeshomework___________inyourclass?(
)A.carefully B.mostcarefully C.morecarefully D.careful二、用单词正确形式填空12.NowShanghaihasbeeoneof_____(beautiful)citiesinChina.13.Whalesarethe_____(large)animalsontheEarth.14.Sandydoesherhomework_______(careful)thanTom.15.WuYifancanrun______(fast)thanJohn.16.Eating________(little)meatandmorefruitisgoodforus.17.—Annieplaysthepianovery___________(good).—Aliceplaysit___________(good)thanAnnie.Sueplaysitthe___________(good).18.Whowrites_____(careful),JimorJohn?19.Jimmyjumps_____(low)thanhiscousin.【课堂检测】介词一、单选题1.Theysleep_______20hoursaday.(
)A.from B.for C.to2.Shewasborn______October12th,2003.(
)A.in B.with C.on3.Treesinthegarden________yellow________autumneveryyear.(
)A.bee;in B.became;on C.bees;in4.Myfatherusually______books______Sundaymorning.(
)A.read;in B.reading;on C.reads;on5.MarywillgotoCanada__________May20th.()A.in B.on C.at6.Thedinosaurisbigger______theelephant.(
)A.to B.than C.of7.—Howmanybirdsarethere________thetree?()—Seven.A.in B.on C.for8.Ourclassroomis_______thefourthfloor.(
)A.in B.on C.at9.Thepostofficeisbehindthepark.Theparkis_________thepostoffice.(
)A.infrontof B.nextto C.over D.behind10.—Whatdoyouusuallydo______ChineseNewYear?(
)—Weusuallywatchliondances______ChineseNewYear’sEve.A.on;at B.at;on C.on;on11.Mikewenttothefarm________StarLake________NationalDay.(
)A.in;on B.near;at C.near;on12.Theybroughtlunch________thepark.(
)A.to B.for C.in D.out13.There________manypears________thetree.(
)A.was;on B.were;inside C.are;on D.are;in14.What’sthematter________him?(
)A.with B.to C.for D.of15.Youcanseethebusstop_______yourright.(
)A.in B.on C.at16.Whenyouwalkacrosstheroad,youmustwait__________thepavement__________thegreenman.(
)A.for;at B.on;for C.for;of17.Theboy_________ablueTshirtismycousin.
(
)A.in B.with C.fit18.Iwanttoflyaspaceship______themoon.(
)A.for B.to C.in19.Ioftengotothepark_______bus_______myfriends.(
)A.on;with B.by;and C.by;with20.Pleaseetomyparty________halfpastfive________Saturdayafternoon.(
)A.in;of B.at;in C.at;on形容词副词一、单选题1.Wehadan________partylastnight.Wewere________attheparty.(
)A.excitedly;exciting B.excited;exciting C.exciting;excited2.It'ssometimes________insummerthere.It________yesterday.(
)A.rainy;rained B.rainy;rains C.rains;rainy3.Peterhad________meatand________mangoesforbreakfastyesterdaymorning.(
)A.alittle;afew B.afew;alittle C.any;some4.Itisnot________torideontheleftsideoftheroadinChina.(
)A.safely B.safety C.safe5.Thepolicemanwas________.Heshoutedattheman________.(
)A.angry;angrily B.angrily;angry C.angrily;angrily6.Herfatherisalways________.Heoftenlaughs________.(
)A.happy;happy B.happy;happily C.happily;happy7.Thechildrenare______aboutthe______footballgame.They'reshouting______intheplayground.(
)A.excited;exciting;excitedly B.exciting;excited;excitedly C.excitedly;exciting;excited8.Thisworkis_________formethanforyou.(
)A.difficult B.mostdifficult C.muchdifficult D.moredifficult9.Atyphoonismuch______thanastrongwind.(
)A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.thestrongest10.ChineseNewYearis________importantfestivalinChina.(
)A.themost B.most C.more11.WangBingisa__________boy.Heiswriting__________now.(
)A.carefully;carefully B.carefully;careful C.careful;carefully12.Helenisa__________student.Shedoes__________ineverysubject.(
)A.good;good B.well;good C.good;well13.Look,thestudentsarereadinginthelibrary.Youcan’tspeak_________.(
)A.loud B.loudly C.quiet D.quietly14.Myparentslooked_________.Theylookedatme_________.(
)A.angry;angry B.angry;angrilyC.angrily;angry D.beangry;angrily15.It’stoolate.Mysisterrunstoschool_________.(
)A.quick B.slow C.quickly D.slowly16.Amywilletomybirthdayparty________halfpastthree________theafternoonofSunday.(
)A.in;on B.at;in C.at;on D.in;in17.Thequeenwalked________thecity________anewdress.(
)A.through;with B.through;in C.on;in18.InBeijing,weshoulddrive________the________sideoftheroad.(
)A.on;left B.at;left C.on;right19.Mybirthdayis_______June.AndIwasborn(出生)_______4thJune.()A.in;on B.on;at C.with;for20.TheDrawingGameis______3:00______theafternoon.(
)A.in;in B.at;at C.at;in21.Go_______thestreetandturnleft_______thesecondcrossing.(
)A.long;at B.away;to C.along;at D.along;to22.—___________willyougettoLondon?(
)—___________plane.A.When;By B.When;Take C.How;By23.Threegirls_________thebird_________abag.(
)A.caught;to B.catches;in C.caught;with24.Marylives________Australia,butsheis________theUK.(
)A.from;from B.from;in C.in;from D.in;in25._________Sundaymorning,Petergoestovisitthemuseum_________abiggardeninfrontofit.(
)A.On;with B.On;has C.In;has D.In;with26.Let’smeet________twoo'clockattheschoolgate.(
)A.in B.at C.on D.for27.There_____aparty_____LiuTao’shousenextweek.(
)A.is;on B.isgoingtobe;at C.is;at28.Shallwemeet_____ten_____frontofgateofthezoo?(
)A.on;in B.in;at C.at;in D.at;at29.There____alotoforanges_______thetrees.(
)A.is;in B.is;on C.are;in D.are;on二、用单词正确形式填空30.Sheis____(excite)____(hear)the____(excite)news.31.Thecoatfitsyou______(good).It’svery______(well)tohavesobeautifulcoat.32.Allthepeopleare________(excite)abouttheshowsinthezoo.33.Benis________(interesting)inPE.Sohe’sgoodatit.34.Plant______(many)trees,theyhelp______(keep)theairclean.35.Theskirtismuch_________(big)forme.36.Ifyouwanttobestronger,youshoulddo______(many)sport.37.Theworkergotuplatethismorning.Heran______(quick)tothefactory.三、完形填空Vegetablesandfruitarehealthyfood.Itisgoodforus.Manypeopleknowthis.AnEnglishcatalso____38____this.Thecat’s____39____isDante.Itdoesn’tlikemeat,butitlikeseatingfruitandvegetables.Manyscientistsdon’tknow____40____.MissBeckyisthecat’smaster(主人).Atfirst,she____41____Dantesomemeatandfish.Thecatis____42____.ThenshegivesDantesomebananasand____43____.Thecatisveryhappy.Itisinteresting,right?38.A.takes B.learns C.knows39.A.name B.family C.friend40.A.where B.what C.why41.A.asks B.gives C.makes42.A.unhappy B.tired C.happy43.A.fish B.tomatoes C.meat四、阅读选择Recently,anewvirus(病毒)calledCOVID19isspreading(传播)fastintheworld.It’sverysmall—sosmallthatwecan’tseeit.Alotofpeopleintheworldgetsick.Peopleusuallyshowsymptoms(症状)suchas(例如)runnynose,cough,breathlessness(呼吸困难)andfever.Therearesomethingswecandotoprotectourselves:·oftenwashourhands;
·donotgettogether;·donotgotocrowded(拥
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