高中英语阅读理解专项技巧推理判断课件高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语阅读理解专项技巧推理判断整体分析题型突破：观点态度题型突破：逻辑推理题型突破：目的意图、文章出处CONTENTS目录整体分析题型突破：观点态度题型突破：逻辑推理题型突破：目的意图、文章出处CONTENTS目录整体分析01近三年考情命题特点推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型。它不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义。考查方向推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。常见提问方式推理判断题常见的设问方式有：1.

Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthe

passagethat

_________.2.

Thepassageimplies,butdoesn’tdirectlystatethat

__________.

3.

Thewritersuggeststhat

_________.4.

What’sthe

author’sattitudetoward__________.5.

Theauthorusesthe

exampleof…..toshowthat

___________.6.

Wecaninferfromthetextthat

the

author___________.7.

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes……?8.

Whoprobablywrotetheletter?9.

Thistextismostprobablytakenfrom__________.干扰项特点根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。主观臆断12将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。以细节代替推断34作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。过度推断在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。实际上真正的答案在文章中并不能直接找到，会进行词汇的替换。无中生有解题思维推理判断题解题思维1.

理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。2.

对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。3.

忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;4.

把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。注意：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。题型突破：逻辑推理02逻辑推理注意：注意核对推理判断题干扰项典型特征如:

主观臆断、过度推以细节代替推断、无中生有等，正确选项常常以同义替换或正话反说的形式出现。step01step02step03抓住关键信息去分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文信息，揣摩细节,利用逆向思维和正向推理，根据文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。根据题干关键词infer(推断)，suggest(表明，暗示)，conclude(得出结论),indicate(暗示，象征),imply(暗示),assume(假定，设想)迅速明确题型对文中特定信息进行逆向或正向推理:在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整合全文/段信息进行推断:有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断实战演练训练1：全国I卷·28Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguage.xpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000m.nguagesbetweenthem.1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.

D.Theywerecloselyconnected.点拨:由infer可知为推断题。一找(找依据):由题干中的hunter-gatherer可定位到第一段第二句和第三句“When...hunter-gatherers,...theyspokeperhaps12,000languages...".二理(理解字面意思):当依然是狩猎采集者居住在这个世界上的时候，小而紧密的群体形成了各自独立的语言模式。一万年前，世界仅有五百万到一千万人时，可能有一万二千种语言。三推(推理或判断):由“五百到一千万人讲一万二千种语言”可判断:当时的语言在数量上非常大。四比(比较各选项):“语言发展快速”“语言数量大”“语言有相似模式”“语言紧密相连”。答案:只有B项正确。实战演练训练2：全国1卷·28Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsnatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren'slives.Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings.‘the

proportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgone..."1.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A.Children'sreadinghabits.

B.Qualityofchildren'sbooks.C.Children'safter-classactivities.

D.Parent-childrelationships.1.A一找:由题干中的CommonSenseMediareport可定位到第一段(仅一句)。二理:根据星期一出版的一份常识媒体报告，十几岁和更小年龄的孩子为快乐而读的少多了。三推:从常识媒体报告的内容来判断，该报告是关于儿童阅读习惯的。第二、三段中含report的句子，也进一步印证这一点。四比:“儿童阅读习惯”“儿童书籍的质量”“儿童的课外活动”“亲子关系”，只有A项正确。实战演练训练3：(2024年湖南省长郡中学模拟试题)......Withmusic,sheadded,“youcanstarttosensewithdifferentpartsofyourmindandyourbodythattherearepatternshappeningandthatthey'reimportant.”“Theworldisgoingtoseemoreandmoreofthese‘wickedproblems',theonesthattakemultiplepeoplewithdifferenttypesoftrainingandbackgroundtosolve."Now,agroupofprofessorsandstudentsareworkingtobringtogethermusicandtheenvironmentinrelatedprojects,suchasanaugmented(增强的)realityexperiencebasedonthiscomposition.Thegroupwantstospreadawarenessaboutthealgaeblooms,dataliteracy(数据认知)andenvironmentalprotection.8.WhatroledidHeatherthinkmusicplays?A.Providingsolutionstothealgaeproblem.B.Exposingmorewickedproblemstothepublic.

C.Showingtheeconomicgrowthincoastalcities.

D.Helpingpeopleexperiencetheproblemsbetter.[解析]推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Withmusic,sheadded,“youcanstarttosensewithdifferentpartsofyourmindandyourbodythattherearepatternshappeningandthatthey'reimportant.”(她补充说，有了音乐，“你可以开始用你的大脑和身体的不同部位感觉到有一些模式在发生，它们很重要。”)”可知，Heather认为音乐帮助人们更好地体验问题。故选D。实战演练训练4：（2024江苏海安高级中学模拟）.....Anotherexplanationforthespreadoffakenewsis“motivatedreasoning,”writesAdamWyatz,anAmericanmanagementprofessor,“wearenaturallymorelikelytobelievethingsthatconfirmourexistingopinions.”Soinaworldwheremisleadinginformationiscommon,trainingpeopletocareaboutfact-checkingisimportant,especiallyinonlinecommunities.“Weshouldcheckthingsandnotjusttakethematfacevalue,"Slomansays.“Verifybeforeyoubelieve.”30.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof“motivatedreasoning”?A.Youpostamessageonlinethatgivesyourpersonalopinionaboutanewsstory.B.Youthinkauniversityprofessordishonestwheneverybodyaroundyousayso.C.Yousearchonlineformoreinformationaboutadoubtfulstoryonsocialmedia.D.Youtrustadamagingstoryaboutsomeonewhoyoualwaysjudgenegatively.[解析]推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“wearenaturallymorelikelytobelievethingsthatconfirmourexistingopinions.(我们自然而然地更倾向于相信那些证实了我们现有观点的事情。)”可判断，D选项“你相信一个你总是负面评价的人的坏故事”为动机推理的典型例子。故选D题型突破：观点态度03观点态度通过对事件、景物、话语的深入分析推出作者含蓄、隐晦地表达出的观点或看法，体会作者在字里行间中流露出的情感态度。[解题技巧]—依据措辞定态度1.抓住文中的褒贬性词汇或语句，尤其是形容词和副词，可推断作者的情感态度。2.依据文章最后的“结论”可推断作者是赞成还是反对。观点态度词汇表中立，客观1.objective客观的2.neutral中立的3.factual事实的4.disinterested无兴趣的5.impartial公平的；不偏不倚的6.impersonal无人情味的7.unprejudiced无偏见的8.unbiased无偏见的9.unconcerned不关心的10.detached独立的表赞同、支持1.enthusiastic热心的2.supportive支持的3.optimistic乐观的4.positive积极的5.favorable有利的；赞成的6.approving赞成的7.appreciative欣赏的8.admiring钦佩的9.impressive印象深刻的表怀疑、否定1.suspicious可疑的2.doubtful怀疑的3.skeptical/sceptical怀疑的4.questioning质疑的5.opposed反对的6.contradictory自相矛盾的7.negative消极的8.disapproving不赞成的9.critical批评的10.disgusted反感的11.ironic反话的；讽刺的12.hostile敌对的13.contemptuous蔑视的14.dismissive轻蔑的15.pessimistic悲观的16.gloomy阴暗的；令人沮丧的17.apprehensive忧虑的其他1.mixed混合的2.tolerant容忍的3.indifferent漠不关心的4.concerned担心的5.sensitive敏感的6.reserved矜持的7.conservative保守的；守旧的8.radical激进的9.moderate中等的；适度的10.mild温和的；温顺的11.subjective主观的12.inconclusive无定论的实战演练训练1：全国II卷·30...ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.1.Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothe

developmentoftheflyingcar?A.Cautious. B.Favorable. C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.1.B本题问的是政府对研发飞行汽车持何种态度。一找:由题干中的government定位到第三段第三句和第四段第一句。二理:政府允许该公司采用特殊材料以使车身更易飞行。联邦航空管理局五年前为轻型运动飞机建立一套单独的标准。三推:政府对研发飞行汽车是支持的。四比:“谨慎的”“支持的”“模棱两可的”“反对的”。故选B项。实战演练训练2：(2024年河南、山西大联考)LeoWalshparticipatedinthedesignoftheminivan,akindofvehicle,whichrevolutionizedthewayfamiliestraveled40yearsagotogenerationsofAmericans.AftergraduatingfromVirginiaTechwithadegreeinengineeringin1956.WalshwashiredbyChryslerinDetroit.“ThatwasthebestdecisionIevermade,becauseifI'dgonetoGM,Icouldhavebeenlostinabighurry,”Walshsaid.Theengineerprovedhisabilitywhilemaking$485amonth.“IwastheyoungestchiefengineeratChrysleratthattime,”Walshrecalled.Walshwasapproachedbythemanagerin1976todesignavehicleunlikeanyother.Walsh'steamdidn'twastetime.“Wedesignedaprototype(原型)bycuttingdownthebigvans,”Walshexplained.ButtheplansWalshledwouldsitonashelfcollectingdust.“Wekeptprovingthatitwasworkablethroughtheprototypes,”Walshsaid.Theneightyearslater,Chrysler'snewCEOLeeIacoccagreenlightedtheproject.“Hethoughtitwasaproductthatneededtobeonthemarket,”Walshsaid.“Itwasdecidedtoproduceitin1984.”Withitsextracargo(货物)spaceandroominessforpassengers,theChryslerminivanwasaninstanthit.“ItbecamethecashcowofChryslerCorporation,"Walshsaid.After32yearsinChrysler,Walshretiredin1988justfouryearsafterthefirstminivanwasproduced.“Theworld'sbestminivansandthatistrue,”Walshsaid.“Itwasalandmarkvehicle.”2024marksthe40thanniversaryoftheminivan,provinggoodideasgetgoodgasmileage.The93-year-olddoesn'ttakecreditfortheminivan.TothisdayWalshsingshighpraiseforhistalentedteam.Admirably,theretiredengineerhelpedintroduceanewwayofdriving.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofthosejobs.ThatisallIhavegottosay,”Walshsaid.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofmycareer.Iamveryfortunatetobethereatthebeginning.”1.WhatwastheattitudeoftheCEOsbeforeLeeIacoccatoWalsh'sprototype?A.Unclear. B.Approving. C.Tolerant. D.Dismissive. [解析]推理判断题。根据第三段“ButtheplansWalshledwouldsitonashelfcollectingdust.(但沃尔什领导的计划却被搁置在架子上积灰)”以及“Thencightyearslater,Chrysler'snewCEOLeelacoccagreenlightedtheproject.(八年后，克莱斯勒的新任CEO李·艾柯卡批准了这个项目)”可推知，在LeeIacocca之前的CEO们对Walsh团队所设计的原型持排斥态度。故选D.实战演练训练3：(23-24高三·北京·期中)Inbrief,NASA'ssuccessinchangingthecourseofaharmfulasteroidisdefinitelypraiseworthy,butmuchmoreneedstobedonebeforewecansaytheworld'ssecurityfromsomeunpredictableasteroidisguaranteed.1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardusingspacecraftstochangetheasteroidsorbits?A.Neutral.

B.Optimistic, C.Pessimistic. D.Notmentioned. [解析]推理判断题。根据第四段“Inbrief,NASA'ssuccessinchangingthecourseofaharmfulasteroidisdefinitelypraiseworthy,butmuchmoreneedstobedonebeforewecansaytheworld’ssecurityfromsomeunpredictableasteroidis

guaranteed.(简而言之，NASA成功地改变了一颗有害小行星的运行轨迹，这无疑是值得称赞的，但我们还需要做更多的工作，才能保证世界免受一些不可预测的小行星的威胁)”可推知，作者对于太空飞船改变小行星轨道是赞赏的态度。故选B.题型突破：文章出处04文章出处通过对格式、结构、内容的分析，推出文章的出处、题材范围和阅读此文章的主要读者群。[解题技巧]一一内容细节巧判断1.看文章出处(1)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称(2)推销介绍新产品(3)文章中有clickhere等网络用语(4)旅游胜地方面的介绍(5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍(6)科普知识(7)文化教育性的文章2.确定读者对象先确定文章主题，再根据具体细节和文中的措辞判断读者对象。一newspaper一advertisement一website一travelguide一magazine/journal/entertainmentsection一sciencesection一educationsection实战演练训练1：全国I卷·27ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC...Blueberriesare

particularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoids...

Asforcherries(樱桃),...theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream"...Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcan...1.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.biologytextbook.

B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Aresearchpaper.

D.Atravelbrochure.点拨:从第一段中的berriesandstonefruits和nutritional可知，本文是讲草莓和核果的营养成分的。第二段介绍各种莓类和核果所含具体营养成分。第三段讲冰冻香蕉等水果搭配的食用方法。根据这些内容可推断，此文可能出现在“健康杂志”中，故选B项。选自“生物学教科书”“研究论文”“旅游指南”的可能性不大。实战演练训练2：

TheCambridgeScienceFestival(CSF)

ispleased

toinformyouofthesixthannualCuriosityChallenge.Thechallengeinvites,evendaresschoolstudentsbetweentheagesor5and14tocreateartworkorapieceofwriting...1.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A.Anexhibitionguide.

B.Anartshowreview.C.Anannouncement.

D.Anofficialreport.点拨:由第一句“剑桥科学节很高兴地通知您第六届创意挑战大赛”可知，这是一则通知，关键词是informyouof...。故选C项。其余选项，“展览指南”艺展评论”“官方报告”易排除。实战演练训练3：(2024年湖北襄阳四中模拟)Withsuchastrongartisticheritage,it'snosurprisethatEnglandknocksitoutoftheparkwhenitcomestoworld-classartgalleries.Thesearethegalleriesyouneedtoaddtoyourmust-visitlist.RoyalAcademyofArts(RA),LondonNotyourstandardgallery,theRoyalAcademyofArtsisledbyartiststopromotenotjusttheappreciationofart,butitspractice.Itisworld-famousforhostingsomeexhibitionsthatgeteveryonetalking.Besides,whatsetstheRAapartisitsengagementwiththepublicthroughparticipatoryexperiences,allowingvisitorstonotonlyviewartbutbecomepartofitininnovativeways.SainsburyCentreforVisualArts,Norwich-...Whitworth,ManchesterAfterasky-high£15milliondevelopment,theWhitworthisbecomingoneofthepremiergalleriesinthenorthofEngland.Makingfulluseofitspicturesqueparksetting,thegalleryhasabeautifulartgardenandasculptureterrace(露台),allwaitingtobeexplored.Insidethegallery,youcanviewanexcitingprogrammeofever-changingexhibitions.1.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Anarttextbook.

B.Anartstudent'spaper. C.Apersonaltravelblog. D.Atravelguidebook. [解析]文章出处题。通读全文，并根据第一段“Withsuchastrongartisticheritage,it'snosurprisethatEnglandknocksitoutoftheparkwhenitcomestoworld-classartgalleries.Thesearethegalleriesyouneedtoaddtoyourmust-visitlist.(拥有如此强大的艺术遗产，英国在世界一流的艺术画廊中脱颖而出也就不足为奇了。这些是你需要添加到你的必游列表的画廊)”可知，这段文本很可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选D项。实战演练训练4：(2023·湖南邵阳·高三湖南省邵东市第一中学校考)TheUKishometo26world-rankeduniversitiesofthetop200globally.Attheheartofeachuniversityisthelibrary,aspaceforstudentstoaccessresources,absorbknowledgeandgatherthoughts.Herearesomeofourmust-visitlibrariesacrosstheUK.TheBritishLibrary,LondonLocatedinLondon,theBritishLibraryishometoover170millionitems.Thecollectionsofferaglimpseintoliteraryheritageovertheages,frombookstomapstomanuscripts.VisitorscanbrowsetreasuresincludingLeonardodaVinci'snotebook.Studentswithareadingpassareknowntospendhoursatatimeinthereadingrooms.BodleianOldLibrary,Oxford.Datingbackto1488,theBodleianOldLibraryhasthreenotablereadingrooms.ItiscelebratedforitslateGothicarchitecture.YoumayrecognizetheelaboratelycarvedceilingfromscenesinHarryPotter.Studentsattheuniversityautomaticallygetaccesstothelibrary.JohnRylandsLibrary,Manchester1.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanthepassagebefound?A.Culture B.Fashion C.Science D.Entertainment [解析]推理判断题。根据文章第一段“TheUKishometo26world-ranked......Herearesomeofourmust-visitlibrariesacrosstheUK.(英国有26所大学进入全球前200名。每所大学的中心都是图书馆，这是学生获取资源、吸收知识和收集思想的空间。以下是我们在英国必去的一些图书馆)”可知，文章主要介绍了在英国必须要去的四个博物馆，可知在报纸的文化专栏中可能找到这篇文章。故选A[答案]A题型突破：目的意图05目的意图任何人写文章都有意图或目的，高考阅读理解时常会就这一问题进行命题，主要考查考生对英语文本的整体感知或理解的能力，做此类题的关键是要了解文章的体裁和题材，把握住文章的主题思想。[解题技巧]一一文体特点看意图写作意图/目的通常有以下三种:1.故事类:toentertainreaders/totellanexperience.2.广告类:topersuadereaders/tosellaproductoraservice/toattract

readersorvisitors.3.科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类:toinformreaders/toreport/totell/todescribe.目的意图训练1:(2024年河南、山西大联考)Canhappinessbeobtained-bylearningaboutitinschool?TheUniversityofBristol'sScienceofHappinesscourse,whichlaunchedin2018,ishelpinganswerthatquestion.Notyourtypicalcollegeclass,theinnovativecoursefeaturesabsolutelynotestsorwork.Insteaditfocusesonteachingstudentswhatthelateststudiesinpsychologysuggestreallymakespeoplehappy.Now,theresearchteambehindthatclasshasreleasedanewstudyreportingitreallyispossibletolearnhowtobehappy.Thankstotheircourse,researchershadalreadyestablishedthatteachingstudentsaboutthelatestscientificstudiesfocusingonhappinessresultsinanotableimprovementinwell-being.Duringthislatestproject,theytookthingsastepfurther.Theirworkshowsthatincreasesinwell-beingamongstudentsareultimatelyshort-lived-unlessindividualspracticewhat'sbeentaughtduringthecourseforages.“It'slikegoingtothegym-wecan'texpecttodooneclassandbefitforever.Justaswithphysicalhealth,wehavetocontinuouslyworkonourmentalhealth,otherwisetheimprovementsaretemporary,"explainsseniorstudyauthorProfessorBruceHood.Studentswhotookthehappinesscoursereporteda10to15percentimprovementinwell-being,However,onlythosewhocontinuedpracticingwhattheylearnedduringthecoursereportedsustainedimprovedwell-beingu