备战2025年高考二轮复习 英语 阅读理解 文体分类练5　说明文之新概念类（含解析）

文体分类练(五)说明文之新概念类Passage1(2024山东淄博一模)主题:曝光效应词数:348难度:★★★☆☆Wouldyouratherwatchanewmovie,oranoldfavorite?Wouldyourathertryadishyou’veneverhadatarestaurant,orstickwithsomethingyouknowyou’lllike?Researchersstudyingthe“mereexposureeffect”havefoundthatweoftenpreferthefamiliartothenovel.Peopledidn’tneedtoexperiencearewardorpositiveoutcomewhilearoundtheobject—simplybeingexposedtotheobjectwouldbeenoughtomakepeoplelikeit.Totestthis,socialpsychologistRobertZajonchadparticipantsreadwordsinaforeignlanguageoutloudandvariedhowoftenparticipantsreadeachword(upto25repetitions).Next,afterreadingthewords,participantswereaskedtoguessatthemeaningofeachwordbyfillingoutaratingscale(indicatinghowpositiveornegativetheythoughtthemeaningofthewordwas).Hefoundthatparticipantslikedwordsthattheyhadsaidmoreoften,whilewordsthatparticipantshadn’treadatallwereratedmorenegatively,andwordsthathadbeenread25timeswereratedhighest.Justthemereexposuretothewordwasenoughtomakeparticipantslikeitmore.Oneplacewherethemereexposureeffectoccursisinadvertising.Itexplainswhyseeingthesameadvertisementmultipletimescouldbemoreconvincingthanjustseeingitonce.Ofcourse,there’sacautionhere:themereexposureeffectdoesn’thappenforthingsweinitiallydislike.Researchershavefoundthatourlikingforavarietyofthings(includingpictures,sounds,foods,andsmells)canbeincreasedwithrepeatedexposure,suggestingthatthemereexposureeffectisn’tlimitedtojustoneofoursenses.Additionally,researchershavefoundthatthemereexposureeffectoccursinstudieswithhumanresearchparticipantsaswellasinstudieswithnon-humananimals.Anotherkeyfindingfromthisanalysiswasthatparticipantseventuallystartedtolikeobjectslessaftermanyrepeatedexposures.Inotherwords,asmallernumberofrepeatedexposureswillmakeyoulikesomethingmore——but,iftherepeatedexposurescontinue,youcouldeventuallygettiredofit.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了曝光效应,即一种我们会偏好自己熟悉的事物的心理现象。本文阐述了曝光效应的提出、应用及原理。1.WhatisthekeyfactorinRobertZajonc’stest?A.Frequency. B.Preference.C.Originality. D.Achievement.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Totestthis,socialpsychologistRobertZajonchadparticipantsreadwordsinaforeignlanguageoutloudandvariedhowoftenparticipantsreadeachword(upto25repetitions).”可知,RobertZajonc测试的关键因素是频率。2.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofthe“mere-exposureeffect”?A.Wefavoranadvertisementatthefirstsight.B.Astudentjoinedintheclubbecauseoflove.C.Wearemoreconvincedofwhatwemetbefore.D.AstudentreadasmanyEnglishwordsaspossible.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchersstudyingthe‘mereexposureeffect’havefoundthatweoftenpreferthefamiliartothenovel.”可知,C选项“我们更相信以前遇见的”是曝光效应的例子。3.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“mereexposureeffect”accordingtoparagraph4?A.Itistheresultofadvertising.B.Ithasnothingtodowithanimals.C.Itistrueofwhatwedislikeatfirst.D.Itcanbeappliedtomultiplesenses.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“Researchershavefoundthatourlikingforavarietyofthings(includingpictures,sounds,foods,andsmells)canbeincreasedwithrepeatedexposure,suggestingthatthemereexposureeffectisn’tlimitedtojustoneofoursenses.”可知,“曝光效应”可以应用于多种感官。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Morelovebecauseofmoreexposures.B.Thestudyonthe“mereexposureeffect”.C.Betterresultsfromtheearlierexposures.D.Theapplicationofthe“mereexposureeffect”.答案B解析主旨大意题。本文介绍了曝光效应,即一种我们会偏好自己熟悉的事物的心理现象。本文阐述了曝光效应的提出、应用及原理。Passage2(2024山东菏泽一模)主题:多力多滋理论词数:336难度:★★★★☆TheapparentcomplexitiesoftheTikTokalgorithm(算法)mayactuallybeassimpleasabagofchips.Inavideowithmorethan700,000views,creatorCelesteArialaidouther“Doritotheory”,whichsheusestoexplaintheaddictivenatureofendlessly-scrollingsocialmediafeeds.Everyonehasatopictheyjustcan’tstopthinkingabout,andAria’sRomanEmpireisDoritos.Inherpopularvideo,sheexpressesthatTikTokscrollingissoaddictivebecauseitisneverfullysatisfying.LikeaDorito,ascrollingsessionontheForYouPageismoststimulatingduringthefirstfewbites.Theendofthechiporvideobringsadesiretostartconsuminganotherone,thusreturningtothatfirst-bitefeeling.

Essentially,theDoritotheorysuggeststhatactivitieslikeeatingDoritos,whichprovideaquickburstofpleasurebutlacklastingsatisfaction,canbehighlyaddictive.Ariacomparedittoconsumingfoodsthatofferdeepersatisfaction,likeaheartysteak,wherethefeelingoffullnessandcontentmentlastslonger.Thetheorycanapplytoalotofdifferentexperiences,butit’sparticularlywell-suitedasametaphorforthedopamine(多巴胺)booststhatoccurwhilescrollingthroughsocialmediafeeds.Dr.JamieSorenson,aboard-certifiedpsychiatrist,saidthattheDoritotheoryisconsistentwithexistingideasregardingaddiction.“Themoreimmediatetherewardis,themorelikelywearetorepeatthatbehavior,whetherit’seatingDoritosorscrollingonsocialmedia.”Ariamaynotbealicensedmedicalprofessional,butshetreatsjunkfoodthewayanynutritionistwould.“I’drecommendjusttryingtoremoveanythingthatyouthinkfallsintotheDoritocategory,”shesaysinhervideo.TheDoritotheorytrendhasledtoreflectionsonthenatureofaddictionandthepursuitofinstantsatisfactionintoday’ssociety,resonating(共鸣)withmanyTikTokuserswhorecognizesimilarpatternsintheirownlives.So,itfeelslikeit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforeDoritosrespondstoAria’stheory.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Aria用她提出的多力多滋理论解释了社交媒体无尽滚动信息流为何具有高度成瘾性,这一理论引起了广大群众的共鸣,已成为一个热点话题。5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“RomanEmpire”inparagraph2probablyreferto?A.Avideo.B.Asubject.C.Acountry.D.Asnack.答案B解析词句猜测题。根据画线词前“Everyonehasatopictheyjustcan’tstopthinkingabout”可推知,Aria的话题是多力多滋薯片,故B项“话题”与画线词含义一致。6.WhatmakesAriaaddictedtochipsaccordingtothetext?A.Socialmedia.B.Differentflavors.C.Lastingsatisfaction.D.First-bitefeeling.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“LikeaDorito,ascrollingsessionontheForYouPageismoststimulatingduringthefirstfewbites.Theendofthechiporvideobringsadesiretostartconsuminganotherone,thusreturningtothatfirst-bitefeeling.”可知,Aria对薯片上瘾正是由于这种“第一口”的感觉。7.HowdoesAriaexplaintheDoritotheory?A.Byintroducingaconcept.B.Byconductinganexperiment.C.Bymakingacomparison.D.Byquotinganexpert’swords.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Inherpopularvideo,sheexpressesthatTikTokscrollingissoaddictivebecauseitisneverfullysatisfying.LikeaDorito,ascrollingsessionontheForYouPageismoststimulatingduringthefirstfewbites.Theendofthechiporvideobringsadesiretostartconsuminganotherone,thusreturningtothatfirst-bitefeeling.”可知,Aria通过类比的方式阐述了多力多滋理论。8.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TikTok:anappealingplatformB.CelesteAria:aninsightfuldiscovererC.Chipsorsteaks:achallengingchoiceD.TheDoritotheory:anongoinghitonline答案D解析主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了Aria的多力多滋理论,且这一理论引起了广大群众的共鸣,已成为一个热点话题,故D项“多力多滋理论:一个网络上持续走红的热点”适合作为文章的标题。Passage3(2024浙江温州二模)主题:宜家效应词数:321难度:★★★★★Wheninstantcakemixesfirstappearedinthe1950s,Americanhousewivesweredoubtful.Thesemixes,promisingeasycake-baking,felttooeasy.Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.ThisreflectstheIKEAeffect(宜家效应),whichisidentifiedbypsychologistMichaelI.Nortonandhiscolleagues,suggestingweplacegreatervalueonthingswehaveworkedtocreate.Theyconductedfourstudiesinwhichtheyaskedparticipantstofoldpapercranesandfrogs,assembleIKEAboxes,andbuildsetsofLegos.Theythenaskedthebuilderstobid(出价)fortheircreations,andcomparedthepriceswithbidsfrompeoplewhohadn’tbuiltthem.Thebuildersconsistentlyoutbidthenon-builders.Interestingly,theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofullypersonalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants’foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesired,theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.

Today,ascitiesaresufferingfromseverehousingcrises,theIKEAeffectcangiveusinsightintothewell-beingbenefitsofaself-buildingapproachtohousingdevelopment.ProjectslikeWikiHouseandthe“half-a-house”approachpioneeredbyAlejandroAravena’sarchitecturecompanyElementalareworkingtomakehousingmoreaffordableandsustainablebymakingiteasierforpeopletobuildandpersonalizetheirownhomes.“Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment,theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit,”WikiHouseco-founderAlastairParvinexplained.“Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking,theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文通过讨论宜家效应以及几个实验研究的结果,论述了人们更加珍视自己亲手创造的东西,并由此引发了对自我建造住房的好处的思考。9.Whatbroughtcustomersthejoyofcake-bakingaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Abettertaste. B.Aneasyapproach.C.Adetailedrecipe. D.Ana