2024北京八一学校高一（上）期中英语

第1页/共1页2024北京八一学校高一（上）期中英语（考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：100分）2024.11制卷人：宋凌云审卷人：王永峥第一部分：知识运用（共两节，32分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。SamwasamotherlessboywholivedwithhisfatherCurtis.ToSam,hisfatherwashisheroandtheonlysoulwithwhomhefelt__1__andconnectedintheworld.Thoughuneducatedandpoor,Curtisrecognizedandcultivatedhisson's__2__inwordslikeitwasthemostimportantthingintheworld.HewouldtakeSamtothepubliclibraryeveryday.WhenfatesuddenlytookCurtisawayfromSam,thekidbecamehomelessandwithdrawnfromeveryoneandeverything.Heevencouldn'treadasinglepagewithout__3__ateverysentence.Soheturnedtowritinginstead.Andwithintwomonths,theboyusedupsixnotebookstowritehisthoughtsinnotesandpoetry.Oneday,Mr.Murray,afatheroftwoboys,__4__Samsittingoutsideacafe,grippinghisstomachinhunger,tearsstreamingdownhisface.HetookSamhome,__5__him,andtuckedhimupinbed.ThenhelookedthroughSam'sbag,hopingtofindsomenumberhecouldcall.Instead,hefoundSam'sdiary.Hereadthroughpageafterpageofwhatthe11-year-oldhadbeengoingthrough,tryingtocryin__6___.WhenSamwokeup,hefoundhisbooks__7__arrangedonashelf,hisclothesputawayinalaundrybag,andthepictureofhisfatherputinabeautifulframeandplacedonthestudytable.“Thisisyourhome.Youcanhaveallthebooksyouwant.Iwilldriveyoutoandfromschooleverydaywithmyboys.Nothingwillstopyoufrompursuingyourdreams,”Mr.Murraysaid,acceptingSam’s__8___hug.Fromthatdayon,Sam'slifewasneverthesame.Readingandwritingnevergotapartfromhim.Hebecameoutgoingand__9__aconfidentpersonality.WiththeloveandsupportofMr.Murray,hefollowedhisheartandstudied__10__inuniversity.BythetimeSamwas30,hewastheownerofasuccessfulpublishinghouse.1.A.anxious B.stressed C.excited D.safe2.A.inspiration B.interest C.habit D.imagination3.A.showingoff B.givingup C.calmingdown D.breakingdown4.A.kept B.felt C.spotted D.prevented5.A.fed B.taught C.dragged D.pleased6.A.horror B.relief C.silence D.desperation7.A.neatly B.hurriedly C.wisely D.naturally8.A.polite B.tearful C.welcoming D.comforting9.A.replaced B.described C.developed D.strengthened10.A.science B.gymnastics C.education D.literature第二节语法练习（共17小题；每小题1分，共17分）Part1请根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。(每小题1分，共6分)11.Thatsmellr___________meofmygrandmother.12.Afterfinishingthemarathon,shefeltagreatsenseof____________（满足，满意）.13.Tosavetime,hetooka_____________（捷径）throughthepark.14.Theunderdogteammanagedtod_________thefavoritesinthechampionshipgame.15.Heq__________hisjobtopursuehisdreamofbecomingawriter.16.Playingsportscanr__________stressandanxiety.Part2请阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。(每小题1分，共11分)AThemostpopularmartialartstodayoriginatedinChina.Karate（空手道）wasderivedfromFujianProvince.Inthe14thcentury,acommunityofChinesemigrantsfromFujian17.________(settle)inwhatwasthenthekingdomofOkinawa.TheChinesemigrantsusedtogatherinaparktoenjoyculturalactivities--oneof18.________waskungfu.Thissooncaughttheattentionoflocalyouths,19.______startedlearningkungfu.Besides,theveryfirstKoreanmilitary20.___________(base)onaChineseversion,too.BPaulandIwereonthesamebasketballteam.WebothlovedbasketballandwerebothhugefansoftheNBA.PaulusedBoguesashis21.___________(inspire)whileIpreferredLeBronJames.Althoughwehavedifferentidols,weagreethatourfavoriteplayersarebothchampions.Actually,Paulwasahard-workingboy.Ourcoachwasnotsosure.So,hewasusuallyonthebenchasa22.__________(replace).Oneday,ourteamwasplayingourcompetitors,TheBears,ateam23.__________recordwasperfect.Weallagreedthatitwouldbeatoughone.Inthecompetition,aplayerandIcrashedintoeachother.I24._________(feel)toopainfulinmykneetoplay.So,IrecommendedPaultoourcoach.Atthattime,ourcoachhadnochoicebuttoletPaulhaveatry.Andclearly,alltheextrahoursthathe25.____________(spend)practicingalonepaidoff.Theotherteamjustcouldn’tkeepupwithhisenergyandspeed.Hemadeshotaftershot,andthecrowdcouldn’tstop26.________(clap)andcheering.Atlast,we27._______(win)thegameandPaulearnedhisplaceontheteam.第二部分：阅读理解（共48分）第一节（共19小题；每小题2分，共38分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyou’relookingtobuyagiftforyourchildren,whynotkeepupwiththetrendandgetthebesthoverboard?WhatisaHoverboard?Ahoverboardisatwo-wheeledpersonaltransportationdevice.It’selectrical,portableandbecamehighlypopularin2015inreferencetoapopular1980’smovie.Typically,thisself-balancingdeviceoperateslikeapoweredskateboard.HowDoesaHoverboardWork?Thedevicemayhavemanydesigns,butthemechanismitselfisn’tcomplicated.Basically,astandardhoverboardcontains:•Battery:storestheelectricalpower.Almostallhoverboardsuseahigh-wattlithium-ionbattery.•Gyroscope(oneforeachwheel):allowsriderstotilt(倾斜)thehoverboardwhilemaintainingbalanceandadjustingtheirdirection.•Motor(oneineachwheel):providesthepowertothewheelstokeeptheriderbalancedandupright.•Logicboard:functionsasthehoverboardbrain.Itprocessesdata—yourspeed,tilt,etc.—andsendsinformationtothemotors.Thisunitcontrolsthepoweroftheboardsoriderscanadjusttheirspeed.Alltheabovecomponentsworktogethertocontrolthepowerandtiltofthehoverboardssotheriderisbalanced,uprightandmovingatacontrolledspeed.WhyBuyaHoverboard?Undoubtedly,hoverboardsarecool.You’veprobablyseenkidsridingonearoundthehouse.They’reaphenomenonandeverybodywantsin.So,whydenyyourkidsandpreventthemfrombeingpartofthistrend?Whereisahoverboardlegal?Despitetheirwildpopularity,hoverboardshaveyettobecome“street-legal”.Currently,someplacesprohibitanyoneunder16fromusingthesedevices,andhoverboardsarebannedinacademicinstitutionsandpublicplaces,likecampusbuildings,parks,shoppingmallsandsubwaystations.Someplaceshavealsoputspeedlimitsonthedevicesandrestrictedtheirusetobikepaths.However,openareas—includingyouryard—arefreeoftheserestrictions.28.Thelogicboardofahoverboardcan______.A.receivedataandgivecommandB.powerthewheelsC.sendinformationtotheridersD.storeelectricity29.Accordingtothepassage,ahoverboardcanbeused______.A.onbikepathsB.inparksC.oncampusD.inshoppingmalls30.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toevaluateagift’squality.B.Tocomparenewhoverboardmodels.C.Torecommendagiftchoice.D.Toclarifyfunctionsofthelatesthoverboards.BWhentheCOVID-19pandemicforcedthetowninManton,Michigantoshutdown,ScottChittledecidedthatthecommunityneededasafeplacetocometogether,andsomethingtobringsomejoyduringtheboringwintermonths.Andwhatisabetteroutdooractivitytogetpeopleoutsideinthecoldthaniceskating?Inordertomakehisdreamareality,ChittlesearchedtheInternetforvideosonhowtobuildanicerink(溜冰场).Heorderedalarge3,000squarefoottarp(防水帆布)onlineandboughtsomewoodtocreatethewalls.Ittook12firetrucksfromthelocalfiredepartmenttogetenoughwatertofilltheplot.IttookalittletimeasChittlewentdoortodoortoconvincepeopletocomeandseehiscreation,andsoonChittle’sbackyardicerinkbecameaMantonhotspot.ParentsjoinedintohelpChittlebuysecond-handskatesandhockeysticksfortheneighborhoodchildren.Soonenough,thechildrenwereskatingandshooting.“Wekeptseeingmorethingsdonated.Itwasfantasticbecausethewholecommunityjustcametogether.ItwasamazinghoweverybodyworkedtogetherbecauseofScott.”saysneighborAudreyHooker.Skaterswerewelcometocomeatanytime.AndeachSaturdayfrom4p.m.until8p.m.,dozensofchildrenandtheirparentsgatheredattheicerinkforskateparties.Thechildrenwhohadbeenconfinedtotheirhomesforalmostayearlaughedandshoutedwithjoywhileskatingaroundtherink.Parentsgatheredaroundfeelingreliefthattheirchildrenhadfoundapurposeagain.Itbecameaweeklyeventthatneighborscouldlookforwardtoanditofferedaplaceforpeopletoseeeachotherinasociallydistancedway.Butthekindnessdidn’tstopwithChittle.Whenthecommunityheardhowmuchmoneyheusedtomakethisprojecthappen,everyonehelped.Afundraiserbroughtinabout$1,300,andletterssenttoChittle’shomestuffedwithcashbroughtinanadditional$1,500,coveringallofthecostswithmoneytospare.Companiesbegansendingsuppliesfornextyear’sicerinkincludingoutdoorlights,asnowsweepingmachineandshovels.“Thishasbeenacommunitything,”explainsChittle.“It’snotjustme.Iwanttoshowtherestoftheworldwhatalittleeffort,thebestintentions,andcommunitycandonotonlyforothersbutforthesoulsofall.”31.WhydidChittlebuildabackyardicerink?A.Toorganizeskateparties.B.Toofferasafesocialplaceandsomefun.C.Togetsomemoneyandoutdoorsupplies.D.Toshowoffhiscreativity.32.Whatdidtheparentsdotohelpwiththeicerink?A.Boughtskatesandhockeysticks. B.RaisedmoneyforChittle.C.Filledtheicerinkwithwater. D.Convincedpeopletocome.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheicerinkisonlyopentochildrenonSaturday.B.Chittlemademuchmoneyafterbuildingtheicerink.C.Thewholecommunitycontributedtotheicerink.D.TheparentsfeltreliefbecauseChittletookcareoftheirchildren.34.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeScottChittle?A.Honestandfriendly. B.Kindanddevoted.C.Humorousandpolite. D.Carefulandconfident.CAscollegesportscontinuetobehugelypopularandtheNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA)bringsinlargeamountsofmoney,peoplehaverestartedthedebateonwhethercollegeathletesshouldgetpaid.Supportersoftheideabelievethat,becausecollegeathletesarebringinginaudiences,theyshouldreceivesomesortofcompensation(补偿).Infact,theNCAAbringsinabout$1billionincomeayear,butcollegeathletesdon’treceiveanyofthatmoneyintheformofapaycheck.Additionally,peoplewhobelievecollegeathletesshouldbepaidstatethatpayingcollegeathleteswillactuallyencouragethemtoremainincollegelongerandnotturnprofessionalsasquickly,eitherbygivingthemawaytobeginearningmoneyincollegeorrequiringthemtosignacontract(合同)sayingthey’llstayattheuniversityforacertainnumberofyearswhilemakinganagreed-uponsalary.Peoplewhoargueagainsttheideaofpayingcollegeathletesbelievethepracticecouldbedisastrousforcollegesports.Payingathleteswouldturncollegesportsintoabidding(竞拍)war,whereonlytherichestschoolscouldaffordtopathletes,andmostschoolswouldbeshutoutfromdevelopingatalentedteam.Itcouldalsoharmthecamaraderiewithinmanycollegeteamsifplayersbecomeunhappythatcertainteammatesaremakingmoremoneythantheyare.Thoseagainstpayingcollegeathletesalsobelievethattheathletesarereceivingenoughbenefitsalready.Thetopathletesreceivescholarshipsthatareworthtensofthousandsperyear.Theyreceivefreefoodandtextbooks,gettravelbonusesandfreeequipment,andcanusetheirtimeincollegeasawaytoattracttheattentionofprofessionalcoaches.Noothercollegestudentsreceiveanywherenearasmuchfromtheirschools.Whilebothsideshavegoodpoints,it’sclearthatthenegativesofpayingcollegeathletesfaroutweighthepositives.Collegeathleteshavebeencompensatedenough.Addingasalarywouldresultinacollegeathleticsystemwhereonlyafewathletesarepaidbysomeschoolswhoenterbiddingwarstosignthemup,whilemoststudentathleticsandcollegeathleticprogramssufferorevenshutdownforlackofmoney.Continuingtoofferthepresentbenefitstostudentathletesmakesitpossibleforasmanypeopletobenefitfromandenjoycollegesportsaspossible.35.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatcollegeathletes______.A. haveearnedwhattheyarepromisedB. shouldsignacontracttomakeanagreed-uponsalaryC. tendtoservecollegelongerwhenpaidD. prefertostayatuniversityratherthanturnprofessionals36.Theunderlinedword“camaraderie”inParagraph3issimilarto“______”.A.spirit B.competition C.friendship D.communication37.Peopleagainstpayingcollegeathletesbelieve______.A. schoolswouldbeunabletoafforditB. itcouldbeharmfultocollegesportsC. noothercollegestudentsreceivebenefitsD. studentswouldvaluepaymentsoverachievements38.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspayingcollegeathletes?A.Uncertain. B.Satisfied. C.Expectant. D.Unsupportive.DAttheheartofpsychologyisunderstandingbehavior,andunderstandingbehaviorhasmuchtodowithunderstandingthebrain.Neuroscientists(神经系统科学家)havebecomemoreefficientatmappingthebrainandhavegainedmoreunderstandingofhowthebraindevelopsandworks.Truly,differencesinbehaviorasweageandbetweengenders,aremostlikelyexplainedbythephysicalstateofandchangesinourbrains.Aroundtheageof12,itisbelievedthattheareasofthebrainthatareusedmostwillbestrengthenedandcellsinthebrainthatarenotusedtendtodie.Whatyoudowithyourbraininyourteenyearsprobablydecideshowyourbrainwillworkfortherestofyourlife.IfateenspendsendlesshourswatchingTV,theneuralconnectionsthathelpthebrainprocessTVarewhatwillbestrengthened.Itisclear,therefore,thathowyoungpeoplespendtheirtimeisofgreatimportance.Surprisingly,anddifferentfromearlierbeliefs,thebrainisstilldevelopingevenintheearlytwenties.Areasofthebrainthatarerelatedtoemotion,decisionmaking,reasoning,andproblemsolvingarestillnotfullydeveloped.Thismaygosomewaytowardexplainingwhycaraccidentratesinyoungpeoplearesignificantlyhigherthanthoseamongolderpeople.Youngpeopledon’thavethenecessaryskillstomakecomplexjudgmentswhiledriving.Therearealsodifferencesinthewaybrainsdevelopwhenitcomestogender.Itappearsthatgirlsarereadytoprocessmorechallenginginformationearlierthanboys,withtheareaofthebrainresponsibleforthisactivitypeakingattheageof14to16inboys,afulltwoyearslaterthangirls.Inaddition,studieshaveshownthatgirlsandboysprocesslanguageinputindifferentpartsoftheirbrains.Girlstypicallytendtodobetterthanboysinlanguage,whichmeansthattheyhavemorebrainmatterresponsibleforlanguageskills.Thiskindofresearchraisesimportantquestionsabouthowboysandgirlsshouldbetaughtinschooltomaximize(使最大化)theirlearning.Forexample,theideaofsingle-sexeducationshouldperhapsbetakenintoconsideration.Expertssaythatwewoulddowelltorevisitthetimingofthesubjectstaughtinschool,assomepartsofthebraindevelopbeforeothers.Additionally,whatweunderstandabouttheteenagebrainshouldperhapsbetakenintoconsiderationwhenlawsarebeingmadewithregardtotheminimum(最低的)drivingage.39.Accordingtothepassage,youngpeoplearemorelikelytohavecaraccidentsbecause_______.A.certainareasintheirbrainsarenotfullydevelopedB.theyfailtorealizetheimportanceofskillsC.theydon’thavethenecessaryskillsindrivingD.theirbrainstendtobeinfluencedbytheiremotions40.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Earlierbeliefsshowthebrainisstilldevelopingintheearlytwenties.B.Girlsarebetteratlanguagebecausetheyaredevotedtolanguagelearning.C.Howpeoplespendtheirtimewhenthey’reteenagersaffectstheirfuturelife.D.Gendermakesnodifferencewhenitcomestothephysicalstateofthebrain.41.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.single-sexeducationmaybenefitteenagersB.thetimewhenschoolstartsshouldbeputoffC.lawmakerswilllowertheminimumdrivingageD.thenumberofsubjectsinschoolmightbechanged42.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AgeandtheBrain B.GendersandtheBrainC.TheDevelopingBrain D.MappingtheBrainETheUSscientistswhocreatedthefirstlivingrobotssaythelifeforms,knownasxenobots,cannowreproduce—andinawaynotseeninplantsandanimals.XenobotsareformedfromthestemcellsoftheAfricanclawedfrog(Xenopuslaevis),fromwhichittakesitsname.“Frogshaveawayofreproducingthattheynormallyuse,butwhenyouliberatethestemcellsfromtheembryo(胚胎)andyougivethemachancetofigureouthowtobeinanewenvironment,notonlydotheyfigureoutanewwaytomove,buttheyalsofigureoutapparentlyanewwaytoreproduce,”saidMichaelLevin,aprofessorofbiologyatTuftsUniversity,whowasco-leadauthorofthenewresearch.Stemcellsareunspecializedcellsthathavetheabilitytodevelopintodifferentcelltypes.Tomakethexenobots,theresearchersremovedlivingstemcellsfromfrogembryosandleftthemtodevelop.“Mostpeoplethinkofrobotsasbeingmadeofmetal,butit’snotsomuchwhatarobotismadefrombutwhatitdoes,whichisactonitsownonbehalfofpeople,”saidJoshBongard,acomputerscienceprofessorandroboticsexpertattheUniversityofVermontandleadauthorofthestudy.“Inthatway,it’sarobot,butit’salsoclearlyanorganismmadefromfrogcells.”Theresearchersfoundthatthexenobotscouldreplicate(自我复制).Butithappenedrarelyandonlyinspecificcircumstances.Thexenobotsused“kineticreplication”—aprocessthatisknowntooccuratthemolecular(分子)level.Withthehelpofartificialintelligence,theresearchersthentestedbillionsofbodyshapestomakethexenobotsmoreeffectiveatthistypeofreplication.ThesupercomputercameupwithaC-shapethatlookedlikePac-Man,the1980svideogame.Theyfounditwasabletofindtinystemcells,gatherhundredsoftheminsideitsmouth,andafewdayslaterthepackofcellsbecamenewxenobots.“TheAIdidn’tprogramthesemachinesinthewayweusuallythinkaboutwritingcode.ItshapedandsculptedandcameupwiththisPac-Manshape,”Bongardsaid.“Theshapeis,inessence,theprogram.Theshapeinfluenceshowthexenobotsbehavetospeedupthisincrediblysurprisingprocess.”Thexenobotsareveryearlytechnology—thinkofa1940scomputer—anddon’tyethaveanypracticalapplications.However,thiscombinationofmolecularbiologyandartificialintelligencecouldpotentiallybeusedinmanytasksinthebodyandtheenvironment.Thismayincludethingslikecollectingmicroplasticsintheoceans,inspectingrootsystemsandregenerativemedicine.“Therearemanythingsthatarepossibleifwetakeadvantageofthiskindofplasticityandabilityofcellstosolveproblems,”Bongardsaid.43.AccordingtoJoshBongard,arobotshouldbedefinedintermsof_________.A.itsreliability B.itsfunction C.itsappearance D.itsmaterial44.Whatcanwelearnaboutxenobotsfromthepassage?A.Xenobotshavecopiedstemcellsusingcomputerprograms.B.Specializedcellsplayakeyroleinthereplicationofxenobots.C.AImakesitpossibleforxenobotstoreplicatemoreeffectively.D.Theshapeofxenobotswasinspiredfromavideogameinthe1980s.45.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsfutureapplicationsofxenobots?A.Disapproving. B.Optimistic. C.Unconcerned. D.Objective.46.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Factorfantasy?RobotscanreproduceB.Wheredoestheunnaturalreplicationprocesslead?C.Arexenobotsthefutureofartificialintelligence?D.Theuncertainroleofrobotreproduction第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。MovetotheMusicMusichelpsu