doing知识点综合讲解及其习题综合专题

doing综合讲解及习题综合专题一.doing作主语:1.用法：常表示经常性、习惯性的动作；e.g.Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessman.Learningaforeignlanguageisveryusefultome.Seeingisbelieving.2.主谓一致：一个动名词（doing）作主语看作单数，两个动名词由and连接作主语看作复数；e.g.Eatinghealthyfoodisimportantforus.Playingandstudyingaretwodifferentpartsofourdailylife.3.形式主语it：用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(动词ing形式)放在句末。常见句型有：Itis/wasnogood/use/uselessdoingsth.干……没有好处/用处。Itis/wasawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.做某事是浪费时间/金钱。Itis/wasworthwhiledoingsth.做……是值得的。Itisnogoodwaitingforotherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。Itisawasteoftimetalkingaboutsuchuselessthings.4.在thereisno结构中，通常用动词ing形式。常见句型有：Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doingsth.干……没有意义/道理。Thereisnopleasuredoingsth.干……没有乐趣。Thereisnopointinpersuadinghimanylonger.Hewon'tchangehismind.5.专题练习:(1)_______(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothmenandwomen.(2)—WhatmadeJanesoupset?—________(lose)theringherhusbandboughtherforherbirthday.(3)__________(find)ajobinsuchabigcompanyhasalwaysbeenbeyondhiswildestdream.(4)_____________(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.(5)__________(know)basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.(6)It'snouse_________(speak)withouttakingaction.6.答案：(1)Walking;(2)Losing;(3)Finding;(4)Understanding;(5)Knowing;(6)speaking二.doing作表语:表语：(1)定义：句子中系动词后面所接的那个部分；(2)系动词：分为be动词，后面能解形容词的感官动词及相当于be动词用法的实义动词。=1\*GB3①be动词：am/is/are/was/were等；=2\*GB3②后面接形容词的感官动词：feel/sound/look/taste/smell等；=3\*GB3③相当于be动词用法的实义动词：become/keep/remain等。e.g.Tomisagooddoctor.Theyarefriendly.Thatsoundsgreat.Weshouldkeepquietintheclassroom.doing作表语的用法：(1)表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语。e.g.TeachingEnglishismyjob.＝MyjobisteachingEnglish.(2)表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词­ing形式相当于一个形容词)，常译作“令人……的”。=1\*GB3①常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing，amusing，confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等；=2\*GB3②这类以-ing结尾的形容词的主语通常为物。e.g.Theproblemisquitepuzzling.Themusictheyareplayingsoundssoboring．Hisconcernforhismotheristouching．三.doing作宾语:1.可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住：避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建议完成多练习(advise,finish,practice)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can'thelp)承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)e.g.Itriedtoavoidmakingthesamemistake.Ican'tstandbeingtreatedlikethat.Shecan'thelpcryingwhensheheardthebadnews.2.英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动词­ing形式作宾语：常见的跟动词­ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insiston（坚持）,objectto（反对）,begoodat（擅长于）,leadto（导致）,putoff（推迟，拖延）,giveup（放弃）,lookforwardto（盼望，期待）,feellike（心想）,devote...to…（致力于）,getusedto（习惯于）,payattentionto（关注）,whenitcomesto（当提到）等。e.g.Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.Theoldcouplehavegotusedtolivinginthecountryside.3.在有些动词，如start,begin,continue等的后面，既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。e.g.Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.Weshouldstartdoingthething.4.有些动词或词组后既可跟动词­ing形式作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意思不同。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(stoptodosth.停下来去做某事,stopdoingsth.停止做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.想要做某事,meandoingsth.意味着做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.努力/企图做某事,trydoingsth.试着做某事(看会发生什么)))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(beafraidtodosth.不敢做某事,beafraidofdoingsth.害怕发生……))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(rememberdoingsth.记得做了某事,remembertodosth.记住要去做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgetdoingsth.忘记做了某事,forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事,regrettodosth.遗憾要去做某事))liketodosth.喜欢做某事（有具体时间如today,thisevening等）likedoingsth.喜欢做某事（表示业余爱好）havesb.dosth.使某人做某事（通常为瞬间性动词）havesb.doingsth.使某人一直做某事（通常为延续性动词）seesb.dosth.看到某人做某事（通常为瞬间性动词）seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事（通常为延续性动词）prefertodosth.宁愿做某事preferdoingsth更喜欢做某事goontodosth.继续去做另外一件事goondoingsth.继续做原来做的事情e.g.IrememberedlockingthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.5.动词need,require,want表示“需要”时，其后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别，即need/require/wantdoingsth.=need/require/wanttobedone。e.g.Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.＝Thewindowneeds/requires/wantstobecleaned.6.动词-ing形式的否定形式:动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在动词-ing形式之前。e.g.Youhavenoexcusefornotgoing.Hewaspunishedfornothavingdonehishomework.I'msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.7.动词-ing形式的复合结构:动词-ing形式的复合结构的构成方式为：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式。此结构多在句中作主语和宾语等，其中名词所有格/形容词性物主代词是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。当该复合结构作宾语时，名词所有格可用普通格代替，形容词性物主代词可用代词宾格代替，但作主语时不可以。e.g.Doyoumindmy/mecominglateforthefilm?Mary'sbeinglateforclassmadeherteacherveryangry.Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.8.专题练习:(1)Allthechildrenarelookingforwardto________(go)forwardtofeedthepanda.(2)Thebirdwasluckyanditjustmissed____________(catch)．(3)Ialwaysprefer_________(start)earlyratherthan_______(leave)everythingtothelastminute.(4)Whileshoppingwomensometimescan'thelp_________(persuade)intobuyingmoreclothesthannecessary.(5)—Maybeyou'veforgotten__________(post)myletter.—HowcouldI?Iremember___________(put)itintotheletterbox.(6)Whenitcomesto________(speak)inpublic,manypeoplearenervousatfirst.(7)We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds___________(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.9.答案：(1)going;(2)beingcaught;(3)tostart;leave;(4)persuading;(5)topost;putting;(6)speaking;(7)doing或者tobedone四.doing作宾语补足语:宾语补足语：定义：对宾语进行补充说明的部分；用法：修饰宾语或是对宾语进行补充说明。条件：单词或是短语均可作宾语补足语。e.g.=1\*GB3①HisfathernamedhimDoming.=2\*GB3②Theypaintedtheirhousewhite.=3\*GB3③Heaskedmetolendmycomputertohim.=4\*GB3④Wesawherleaving.=5\*GB3⑤Ialwaysfindhimintheclassroom.=6\*GB3⑥Letthefreshairin.=7\*GB3⑦Youcannotcallitwhatyouwill.=8\*GB3⑧Wemustgettheworkfinishedby10o’clock.2.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语：(1)结构：doing(2)用法：=1\*GB3①动词­ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态，doing的逻辑主语为宾语。e.g.Whenwereturned，wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse。IseeTomplayingbasketball.Wefoundthenoveltouching.=2\*GB3②当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词­ing形式便转换为主语补足语。e.g.Theyfoundthefilmveryexciting.=Thefilmwasfoundveryexciting.(3)能用动词­ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：=1\*GB3①表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，lookat，listento等)＋sb.＋doingsth.(作宾语补足语)e.g.Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.TomheardhismotherspeakingEnglishjustnow.=2\*GB3②表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等)+sb./sth.+doingsth.(作宾语补足语)e.g.Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.Iwon’thaveanyofyoucheatingintheexam.3.动词不定式、动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式都可以在句子中作定语或作宾语补足语，使用时，它们的区别如下：(1)动词不定式(todo)往往表示将来的动作或动作的全过程；(2)动词­ing形式表示一个正在进行的主动性动作；(3)动词­ed形式往往表示一个被动的或已经完成的动作。e.g.abridgetobebuilt(一座将要建的桥)thefallingleaves(正在飘落的树叶)thefallenleaves(落叶)Wesawhimrunningthroughthestreet.Wenoticedtheassistanttakeawaythechair.4.专题练习:(1)Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople_________(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.(2)Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor_________(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.(3)Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts__________(develop)aftergreateffort.(4)Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic__________(run)smoothly.(5)___________(clean)womeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.(6)Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimself_________(lie)inhospital.(7)Theman__________(wear)asadlooksaid,“I'velostmywallet.”(8)Therewasaterriblenoise_________(follow)thesuddenburstoflight.(9)InpartsofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeet________(point)atanotherperson.(10)Phoebereceivedane­mailtheotherday________(say)herunclewascomingtovisither.(11)Themusictheyareplayingsoundsso_______(bore)．(12)Hisconcernforhismotheris_______(touch).5.答案:(1)watching;(2)saying;(3)developed;(4)running;(5)Cleaning;(6)lying;(7)wearing;(8)following;(9)pointing;(10)saying;(11)boring;(12)touching五.doing作定语:用法：相当于形容词的用法，用来修饰名词；分类：前置定语和后置定语；条件：单个的单词通常作前置定语，放在名词之前；多个单词或是短语通常作后置定语，放在名词之后；单个的动词-ing形式作前置定语的用法：(1)表示主动：动词-ing形式和它所修饰的名词为主动关系；(2)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。e.g.areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreading阅览室runningshoes=shoesforrunning跑鞋aworkingmethod=amethodforworking工作方法(3)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。e.g.developingcountries=countriesthataredevelopinganordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinaryapuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody(4)表示所修饰物的特征、性质和状态(动词­ing形式相当于一个形容词)，常译作“令人……的”；=1\*GB3①常用来作定语的现在分词有astonishing(令人惊奇的)，amusing(使人发笑的)，confusing(令人困惑的)，disappointing(令人失望的)，boring(令人感到无聊的)，encouraging(鼓舞人心的)，inspiring(鼓舞人心的)，moving(令人感动的)，tiring(令人感到疲惫的)，interesting(令人感到有趣的)，surprising(令人感到惊讶的)等；=2\*GB3②注意；此类定语通常用来修饰指物的名词。e.g.Thisisaninterestingbookandmanystudentslikereadingit.ThatisatiringthingandIjustdon’twanttotalkaboutit.5.动词-ing形式作后置定语：(1)作定语的动词­ing形式如果是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语，表主动关系，可转换为相对应的定语从句。e.g.Theylivedinahousefacingthesouth.=Theylivedinahousewhichfacedthesouth.Doyouknowtheboyplayingbasketball?=Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketball?(2)分类：后置定语和所修饰的名词之间没有打“,”的，可以转换为限制性定语从句；后置定语和所修饰的名词之间打了“,”的，可以转换为非限制性定语从句。e.g.Tomisthepersonhelpingmymotheryesterday.=Tomisthepersonwhohelpedmymotheryesterday.Iliketheapple,tastingsweet.=Iliketheapple,whichtastessweet.6.专题练习:(1)Iknowyou’redyingtohearallaboutmylifehere，soI’veincludedsomephotos_____(help)youpicturetheplacesItalkabout.(2)Theboys_________(come)acrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.(3)Ishetheman_________(want)toseeyou？(4)Idon’tlikepeoplealways_____(think)ofthemselves.(5)Thesunheatstheearth，______(make)itpossibleforplantstogrow.(6)Manywesterners_________(come)toChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.7.答案：(1)helping;(2)coming;(3)wanting;(4)thinking;(5)making;(6)coming六.doing作状语:1.用法:动词-ing作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作。通常可转化成与之相对应的状语从句。2.分类：(1)作时间状语:e.g.Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.=When/While(shewas)walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.Havingfinishedthework,hewenttoseehisteacher.=Afterhehadfinishedthework,hewenttoseehisteacher.(2)作原因状语:e.g.Beingtooyoung,hecouldn'tjointhearmy.=Ashewastooyoung,hecouldn'tjointhearmy.Notknowinghowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.=AsIdidnotknowhowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.(3)作条件状语:e.g.Workinghard,you'llmakegreatprogress.=Ifyouworkhard,you'llmakegreatprogress.(4)作结果状语:e.g.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.=Hisparentsdiedandlefthimanorphan.Thesnowlastedaweek,resultinginaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.=Thesnowlastedaweek,andresultedinaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.注意:动词­ing形式与不定式均可作结果状语，区别是：动词­ing形式表示顺其自然、意料之中的结果，而不定式则表示不愿看到的、出人意料的结果。(5)作方式状语或伴随状语:e.g.Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.=Istoodbythedoor,anddidn'tdaretosayaword.(6)作让步状语:though,although,evenif,eventhough意为“虽然”，不与but连用，但可以与yet(但是)连用，引导让步状语从句；e.g.StudyingEnglishonlyafewyears,Tomcanspeakitverywell.=ThoughTomstudiesEnglishonlyafewyears,hecanspeakitverywell.3.动词-ing形式的时态:如果动词-ing形式表示的动作与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，用其一般式(doing)；如果先于谓语动词的动作发生，用其完成式(havingdone)。e.g.Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.Havingworkedforthreehours,hetookarest.=Afterhe(had)workedforthreehours,hetookarest.4.动词-ing形式的语态:(1)用法：使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。(2)结构：doing/havingdone/havingbeendonee.g.Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.(现在分词的被动式)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.5.动词-ing形式的否定式：(1)直接在doing前面加not；(2)结构：not＋doing;nothaving＋done;nothavingbeen＋donee.g.Notknowingthis,hedidn'tcome.Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.6.动词­ing形式作状语需注意的问题：(1)逻辑主语：动词­ing作状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主动关系。e.g.Hearingthebadnews,shedidn'tknowwhattodo.(hearing的逻辑主语是句子的主语she)Findingherdog,Maryissohappy.(2)独立主格:动词­ing作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。e.g.Therainhavingstopped,wewentonmarching.Thepenwritingwell,Ioftenuseit.(3)悬垂分词:有些现在分词作状语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的有generally/strictly/franklyspeaking（一般/严格/坦率来说），judgingfrom（据判断），considering（考虑到），supposing（考虑到），providing（考虑到）等。e.g.Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.6语法填空:(1)___________(know)Englishwell,hetranslatedthearticlewithoutmuchdifficulty.(2)Thechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroom,_________(laugh)andtalkingmerrily.(3)________(live)inChinaformanyyears,hecanspeakChinesefluently.(4)Not_________(know)hisaddress,Ihadtosearchfortheinformationonthecomputer.(5)Heoftencarefullywatchedthedoctorsinthe_____________(operate)room.(6)__________(stand)onthetopofthemountain,Icouldseethewholecity.(7)______________(catch)intherain,hewaswetallover.(8)_________(taste)delicious,thiskindofpearswassoonsoldout.(9)________(hear)thenews,somefanswereveryexcited.(10)_______(turn)totheleft,you’llfindthelibrary.(11)_______(have)nochoice,theyhadtowait.(12)Thestudentscamein,_________(follow)theirteacher.(13)_______(know)myaddress,henevercomestoseeme.(14)Thesongissungalloverthecountry,_______(make)itthemostpopularsong.(15)____________(do)thehomework,thelittleboybegantoplayInternetgames.(16)___________(do)the