Unit4 Listening and Talking - Reading for Writing 词汇精讲课堂

版本：新人教单元：必修一Unit4(ListeningandTalking—ReadingforWriting)词汇课堂本单元词汇梳理1.power：基本义：力量；Knowledgeispower.

词块：cometopower,aworldpower,apowerfailure/cut名词动词化2.tap：美式faucet

词块：turnon/offthetap

熟词生义：轻拍；轻敲；开发；挖掘3.emergency：emerge(出现)+-ency；emergencyroom4.calm：精准的汉语释义“镇静”；形容词动词化

词块：keep/staycalm,calmdown5.aid：正式用语(对应help)

词块：firstaidkit,withtheaidof,cometosb’said6.crash：词源：拟声词，模仿碰撞的声音一词多义：基本义“撞碎”；熟词生义：电脑死机

词块：crashinto,acar/planecrash7.sweep：一词多义：基本义“扫”；熟词生义：席卷词块：sweepaway,sweepthefloor8.wave：一词多义：基本义“波浪”；名词动词化“像波浪一样动”

词块：wavegoodbyeto9.strike：一词多义：基本义“击打”

意为“击打”是正式用语，对应hit词块：itstrikessbthat,goonstrike

派生词：striking,stricken10.deliver：一词多义：基本义“递送”（联系快递、外卖）

词块：deliver…to,deliveraspeech/lecture

派生词：delivery11.summary：来自sum；概要词块：insummary

派生词：summarise12.effect：词块：haveaneffecton,greenhouseeffect,sideeffect,ineffect,takeeffect派生词：effective13.length：词族：long,length,lengthen

词块：inlength,atlength重难点词精讲power辨析义精准的汉语释义辨析义crash一词多义deliver一词多义strike一词多义aidwavesweepcalm辨析义正式用语一词多义一词多义power生活中的power能力电力功率力量powern

[U]能力；[可用复数](生理)机能：Iwilldoeverythinginmypowertohelpyou.Aftertheaccidentshelostthepowerofspeech.

[U]力量；威力：Everystormisanexampleofthepowerofnature.四者都有“力”、“力量”之意，但具体意思不同。1.force

指外力、强迫力、破坏力(包括武力)；物理学中指“力”。Theforceoftheexplosionblewoutallthewindows.2.energy指人的精力、活力；物理学中指“能量”。Wheredoesthelittlegirlgetherenergy?theworld’senergyresources3.strength

指人体或物体内存在的力，如气力、耐力、抵抗力。Shedidn’tevenhavethestrengthtostandup.Theboyliftedthestonewithallhisstrength.4.

power

指人的能力、力量、权力、势力，物的“能力”。物理学中指“动力”、“功率”。Weightliftershavebigpowerintheirarmsandlegs.physicalpower/strength辨析force,enegy,strength,power

[U]控制力；影响力：Onceyouareconfidentaboutyourpowerover

bad

situations,problemsarejuststeppingstones

to

success.

2010广东Hemadethemistakeofunderestimatingthepower

ofthepress.

[U]统治；政权：apoliticalparty

inpowerThepartycametopower

atthelastelection.

[U]权力；职权：Morethanfameorfortune,shewantedpower.

[C]大国；强国：anindustrialpowerworldpowers

❼[U]动力；电力；功率：wind/nuclear/solarpowerapowerstation

apowerfailure

/

cut

enginepower名词动词化■vt驱动；推动：Theaircraftispoweredbyajetengine.词汇拓展powerfuladj

强壮的；强健的：apowerfulbody

强大的；有权势的：Neverbeforehasourcountrybeensopowerfulasitistoday.

作用大的；效力大的

havingastrongeffect：Theinsectcontainsapowerfuldrugwhichaffectsmosquitoes.Goodteamworkisapowerfultool(=veryeffectivemethod)

foreffectivemanagement.powerfullyadv

强有力地power

语义衍生图能力(基本义)n做事的能力或身体的某种机能物理上的某种能量能力；机能力量；威力动力；电力；功率驱动；推动对事务的控制或影响“政治”上对一个国家的管控行政上的“力量”控制力；影响力统治；政权职权；权力大国；强国v提供动力有强大影响力或统治力的国家政权calm话说在这个让人越来越不能淡定的时代，“淡定”这个词却满天飞——于是我们来说说，英语中这个可以表示“淡定”的词——calm。keepcalm,calmdown这样的词组都可以用来劝人保持“淡定”。

(天气、海洋等)静的；平静的：Theweatherwasfineandthelakewascalm.

(人)镇静的；沉着的：Ifyouarelostinthemountains,stay/keepcalm

inthefaceofdarkness,loneliness,andtheunknown.■vt&vi(使)平静；平静下来：calmdown(使)平静下来；(使)镇静下来：Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.2017全国■n[C]&[U]平静；镇静：Afterastormcomesacalm.calmadj

tostopfeelingupset,angryorexcited侧重notnervous,“不紧张”侧重notmoving,“不动”Ourschoolissituatedinaquietarea.

Shewasquietandshy.侧重notnoisy,“不吵”quietTheytoldtheinjureddrivertostaystill

untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived.2016全国改stillkeep/remainsilentasilent,moonlessnight

asilentfilm/movie

silent侧重nosound,“没有声响”、“不语”辨析calm,quiet,still,silent辨析calm,quiet,

still,silent

Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48cameoverandtoldLarryhehad49madeanemergencycall.They50thenheardawoman’svoicecomingfromthewrecked(毁坏的)vehicle.51

Approachingthevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay52______untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53butshethoughtthecarwasgoingto54explode.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove55incasesheinjuredherneck. 2016全国卷Ⅰ完形填空52.A.quietB.stillC.awayD.calm

√aid■n

[U]援助；救助；帮助：do/give/offerfirstaid

withtheaidof

[C]辅助者；有助之物：Adictionaryisanimportantaidinlearninganewlanguage.

come/gotosb’said帮助某人

(helpsb)：Beboldandbrave—andmightyforceswillcometoyouraid.

2015天津inaidof帮助■

vt&vi［正式用语］帮助：Notonlyarepleasantmealtimesenjoyable,buttheyaiddigestion.

辨析assist,help,aid三者都有“帮助”之意，但侧重点有所不同。assist

侧重“协助”“助理”，受助者自己要做大部分工作。•Anurseassistedthesurgeonduringtheoperation.

help

指给予各方面帮助。•Iwillhelpyou(to)finishthehousework.

aid

指用金钱、物资等“援助”他人，强调帮助受助者脱离困难。•Sheisalwaysaidingthestudentwithmoney.

crash最初是一个拟声词，模仿打碎的声音“哗啦……”；随着社会的发展，产生了“(公司等)倒闭”、“(股票)暴跌”、“(计算机等)死机”等意思。名词释义是由动词释义转化而来。crash(v)出现于公元前14世纪晚期，词源义是“breakinpieces”“打碎”。crash

词源解读

vi&vt

(使)

发出撞击声；(使)

发出爆裂声：

crashvTheplatescrashedtothefloor.Shestormedoutoftheroomandcrashedthedoorshutbehindher.

vi&vt

(使飞机)坠毁；(使汽车等)猛撞：Thenewsthattheplanehadcrashedmadeussad.

Hecrashedhiscarintoawall.

vi(公司等)倒闭；(股票)暴跌；(计算机等)死机；崩溃：Thecompanycrashedwithdebtsof£2million.Thecomputersthatweuseatthemomentareoldandslow,andtheyoftencrash.

crash

n[C]

[常用单数]哗啦声；撞击声；爆裂声：Atthatmoment,wehearahugecrashandthensilence.

碰撞(事件)；(飞机)坠毁：

Allthepassengerswerekilledintheplanecrash.

暴跌；(计算机等的)崩溃：

tipsforfixingcomputersystemcrashes撞碎crash基本义“撞碎”物体，发出巨响“撞碎”飞机、汽车等“撞碎”公司、股票等(使)

发出撞击声；(使)发出爆裂声(使飞机)

坠毁；(使汽车等)

猛撞(公司等)

倒闭；(股票)

暴跌；(计算机等)

崩溃哗啦声；撞击声；爆裂声暴跌；(计算机等的)

崩溃ncrash语义网络图碰撞(事件)；(飞机)坠毁v

扫；打扫；扫除：sweepthefloor/thedustTombSweepingDay

横扫；掠过；(暴风雨等)袭击；席卷：Araresnowstormsweptacrosstheregionyesterday.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows.2016天津“Redenvelope”feverhassweptthecountry.sweepaway消灭；彻底消除：Thefloodssweptawayallthehouses.

sweepup打扫；清扫sweep(swept,swept)vt&viwave■n[C]

波(浪)：Ahugewavecoveredourboatandmyyoungerbrotherfellintothesea.

北师大新必修②–5

挥手；招手：Hegaveusawaveasthebusdroveoff.

(活动或感情的)风潮；浪潮：awaveofpanic/protest

(声、光、电等的)波：soundwaves

ridea/thewaveof受益于……；乘……之势■v

vi摇摆：Thebrancheswerewavinginthebreeze.

vt挥舞；挥动：Crowdslinedtheroute,wavingflagsandcheering.

vt&vi挥手(表示……)；(向……)挥手示意：wavesbgoodbye/wavegoodbyetosb

Hewaveduntiltheywereoutofsight.

趁热打铁Strikewhiletheironishot.

strike

vt

[正式用语]打；撞击：Theshipstruckarock.Theboyfell,strikinghisheadontheedgeofthetable.

vi&vt

(时钟等)敲响；报(时)；擦/划

(火柴)：Thechurchclockbegantostriketwelve.strikeamatch

vi&vt(不幸等)突然降临；突然袭击：Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods.Shewaspracticingsurfingwhenasharkstruck.2011广东改Hestruckamatchandlitanothercigar.strike

(struck,struck/stricken)v

vt

[不用于进行时](使)突然想到/意识到tocomesuddenlyintosb’smind：Thesolutionstruckmeimmediately.itstrikessb+that从句：Itstruckmethatwemighthavemadethewrongdecision.

vt

给……以某种印象togivesbaparticularimpression:Wewerestruckbyherkindness.Whatstruckmemostwastheenthusiasmofthelocalpeople.strikesbas(being)…:Hestrikesmeas(being)averyseriousperson.

vi

罢工：Thebusdriverswerestrikingformoremoney.该释义源于船员放下船帆拒绝出海strikeabalance两者兼顾；达到平衡：■n[C]&[U]罢工：Hefounditdifficulttostrikeabalancebetweenhisfamilyandhiswork.strikeadeal达成协议strikefear/terrorintosb’sheart使某人感到害怕/恐惧Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddown.某物“击打”某物指针“击打”钟表灾难等事件“击打”人灵感/想法等“击打”大脑打；撞击(时钟等)

敲响；报(时)(不幸等)

突然降临；突然袭击(使)

突然想到/意识到strike语义网络图strike击打基本义“击打”工作罢工`“击打”在人的印象中给……以某种印象辨析

beat,hit,strike

三个词都有“打”、“击”的意思，但用法不完全相同。beat

指用手或物等连续地打、敲击，如殴打或体罚，敲鼓、桌子等，还可指心脏跳动、打拍子和雨水的冲击。•Shewasbeatingthedustoutofthecarpet.•Herheartwasbeatingwithjoy.hit

表示瞬间的动作，强调打中或击中这一结果，或强调敲打、打击对象的某一点，只作及物动词用。•Heshothisarrowandhitthetarget.strike指用力地“打击”，表示短暂的动作，含有急速的或突然的一次性的殴打、打击或敲击，是普通用词；还可表示敲钟、报时。有时与hit通用，指灾难侵袭。•Thecarranoutofcontrolandhit/struckatree.►strickenadj

[正式用语]

受灾的；患病的；受苦的：earthquake-strickenareas词汇拓展►

strikern[C]罢工者；(足球的)前锋；(棒球的)击球手►strikingadj惊人的；显著的；引人注目的

very

noticeable;makingastrongimpression生活中无处不在的deliverdeliver的基本义就是“递送”deliver

v

vt&vi递送；传送totakegoods,letters,packages,etc.toaparticularplaceorperson：Iusuallyhavefastfooddeliveredtomyoffice.2018全国Wepromisetodeliverfreeofchargewithin48hours.

vt发表；表达；讲togiveaspeech,talk,etc.orotherofficialstatement：deliveraspeech/lecture

vt

接生；使分娩：Herhusbandhadtodeliver

the

baby

himself.【词汇拓展】

deliveryn[U]&[C]

递送(的物品):adeliveryman

We’llpostthispackagespecialdelivery.

分娩；生产递送deliver基本义递送物体递送演讲、报告等医生递送新生儿递送；传送发表；表达；讲接生；使分娩递送(的物品)分娩；生产deliverydeliver语义网络图随堂检测一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.IhadastrongbeliefinmypowertogetwhatIwanted.(2011陕西)

_________2.Peopleareadvisedtobuildupphysicalpower.(2015天津)

_________3.Governmentsruledwithabsolute

(绝对的)

power.(2015江苏)

_________4.Windpower

isanancientsourceofenergytowhichwemayreturnin

thenearfuture.

_________能力体力权力风能power二、根据汉语和所给提示完成下列句子。1.很抱歉，我无权就这个项目做最终的决定。(beyond)Iamsorry___________________tomakeafinaldecisionontheproject.

2.他们家里总备有蜡烛以防停电。(incase)

Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouse_________________________________.3.总理在会上作了一场有感染力的演说。(make)ThePrimeMinister_______________________atthemeeting.it’sbeyondmypowerincasethereismadeapowerfulspeech

apowercut/failure1.她在危难中总能保持冷静。Shealways___________________________intimeofdanger.2.平静的海上没有一点迹象显示暴风雨即将来临。________________gavenosignofthestormthatwascoming.3.大厅里一片安静，但这是暴风雨前的平静。Thehallwasveryquiet,butitwas_______________________.4.由于被她那些话所感动，他很难平静下来。Movedbywhatshesaid,hecouldhardly______________.5.上台表演前，每个人都深吸一口气让自己平静下来。Beforetheperformanceeverybodyheldadeepbreathto_____________________.一、根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。remains/keeps/stayscalmThecalm/stillseathecalmbeforethestormcalmdowncalmthemselvesdowncalm1.Evenwhenshefacesdisasterslikeearthquake,shestillkeeps______.2.Thepolicetriedtogetsomeinformationfromtheman,butheremained______.3.Attention,please.Everybody!Pleasestay______whileItakeaphotographofyou.4.Thewatersofthelakeareso______thatitlookslikeglass.5.Hetriedtobe______,buthistremblinghandsgavehimaway.6.Whenyouareinalibrary,youmustbe______.二、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。quietcalmstillsilentcalmsilentstillcalmcalmquiet根据所给提示用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaught______________(急救).(2014四川)2.______________(在……的帮助下)anarchitect

whovisitstheclassroomonceaweek,theyinventnewwaystomeettheseneedsandbuildmodelsoftheircreations.3.Intonight’sEasterspecialthey______________(来帮助)ofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.(2018全国)aidfirstaidWiththeaidofcometotheaid一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Itisanoceanthatmoves,impressivelyandendlessly.Itmakesallkindsofnoise—itisforeverthundering,boiling,crashing,andwhistling.(2013重庆) ____________2.Whendidthecomputercrash?(2012福建) ____________3.Cardrivershavetoobeytrafficregulationsthattellthemtherightthingstodoontheroadtoavoidcrashes.(2012广东)____________4.ItwassadnewsthatnoonesurvivedtheAirAsiaplanecrashwhichhappenedonDecember28,2014.____________发出撞击声死机

碰撞(事件)

飞机失事；飞机坠毁事故crash5.Theteamcrashedtotheirworstdefeatthisseason.

________________6.Investigatorsarestilltryingtofigureoutwhytheenginesin

thisplanelostpower,forcingittocrash-landwithmorethan

150passengersonboard.________________7.Therewasacrashofthunder

justnow.________________(比赛中)

溃败；惨败紧急迫降

一声炸雷；一声响雷二、Whatdoes“crashaparty”mean?To“crashaparty”isanidiomaticexpressionthatmeanstoattendapartywithoutreceivinganinvitation.Thisexpressionmayhavedevelopedfromtheideaofbreakingandentering.Ifuninvitedguestswanttofindawayintoaparty,theywouldneedtobreakin,probablyresultinginthesoundofacrasheitherthroughsmashingglassorbreakingfurniture.Dependingonthekindofpartyoneistryingtoattend,however,itisunlikelythatonewouldactuallyhavetobreakanythinginordertoenter.Typicallytheterm“crashaparty”isusedbyteensandcollegestudentstodescribegoingtopartieswithoutaninvitation.Mostadultsrarelycrashaparty.

________________________擅自闯入宴会；不邀而至写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.AttheBeijingOlympicsshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherability.(2016全国) _____________2.Millionsofpounds’worthofdamagehasbeencausedbyastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight. _____________3.MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.(2017全国) _____________ sweep消除席卷扫写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavesfromherhouse.

(2016北京改) _____________2.Hewavedandyelledatpassingcarsbutwascarefulnottoslowdown.(2017浙江) _____________3.Attherailwaystation,themotherwavedgoodbyeto

herdaughteruntilthetrainwasoutofsight.(2008天津) _____________4.ThosememoriesaresomeofthefewIhaveoftheheatwave

of1962.(2014山东) _____________wave海浪挥手向……挥手告别热浪一、根据所给提示，完成下列句子。1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,wasvisitingamuseumwhen____________________

(发生地震).2.Wewouldspend1,