Unit4 Listening and Speaking-Reading and Thinking 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂版本：新人教单元：必修二Unit4(ListeningandSpeaking—ReadingandThinking)本单元词汇梳理1.Confucius：拓展Confucianism(孔子学说，儒教)2.philosophy：philo-(loving爱)+-sophy(knowledge,wisdom智慧)派生词：philosopher3.individual：in-(不)+-divide(分)+-ual(形容词词尾)→不再分割的→单独的；个人的4.Achilles’heel：阿喀琉斯是荷马史诗《伊利亚特》中一个半神英雄、希腊联军第一勇士。他是海洋女神忒提斯和英雄珀琉斯之子。他出生后，母亲忒提斯为了使他炼成金刚不坏之躯，将其倒提着浸在冥河水中，除被母亲所捏的脚踵外，他全身刀枪不入。后来在特洛伊战争中，阿喀琉斯被暗箭射中脚踵，因此受伤身亡。Achilles’heel（阿喀琉斯之踵）用来比喻强大人物身上唯一的薄弱之处、致命的死穴或软肋。5.kingdom：king+-dom(表示领域)

词块：theUnitedKingdom6.chief：来自词根cap(头)，词源同captain词块：aneditor-in-chief/achiefeditor7.puzzle：词块：puzzleover/about;solveapuzzle

派生词：puzzled,puzzling8.nearby：near+by9.join…to…：近义词connect…to…10.breakaway(fromsb/sth)：①挣脱(基本义)②

脱离11.belong：词块：belongto，不能用于进行时态和被动语态派生词：belonging(asenseofbelonging)belongings(personalbelongings)12.aswellas：主谓一致：aswellas连接主语时，谓语动词应与aswellas前的主语保持人称和数的一致近义词：inadditionto

13.currency：来自current；词块：foreigncurrency14.military：词块：takemilitaryaction15.defence：de-(from/away去掉；离开)+-fenc-(hit/strike打击)+-e→击挡开→防御；保卫词块：insb’sdefence/indefenceofsb16.legal：词族：legal,legally,illegal,illegally17.surround：词块：surroundsb/sthwith/bysth,surroundoneselfwithsb/sth 派生词：surrounding,surroundings18.evidence：e-(向外)+vid-(tosee看)+-ence(表示名词)→外面看得见的→证据

同根词：video

核心句式：thereisevidencethat…(同位语从句）

词族：evidence,evident,evidently19.achievement：achieve+-ment词块：asenseofachievement20.location：locate+-tion；词族：locate,located,location21.conquer：con-(表示强调)+quer-(tooseek寻求)→一定要寻求到→征服22.battle：batt-(beat打、击)+-le(名词词尾)→战斗词块：fighta(losing)battle,battlewith/against23.port：同根词：transport(必修一U2)24.fascinating：fascinate(使着迷)+-ing

词族：fascinate,fascinated,fascinating,fascination25.keepyoureyesopen(forsth)：=keepaneyeout(for)留意；密切注意，是非正式用语，对应watch/lookoutfor重难点词精讲defencebelongaswellasachieve&achievement搭配义搭配义一词多义surroundbattle一词多义搭配义搭配义individual熟词生义individualR3■adj

[只用于名词前]单独的；个人的：Eachindividualleafonthetreeisdifferent.

Itisdifficultforateachertogiveindividualattentiontochildreninalargeclass.

独特的；与众不同的：She’sgotaveryindividualwayofdressing.■n[C]个人；个体；人：Together,individualscanmakeadifference.►individualismn[U]个人主义►individualityn[U]个性；特征词源解读：in-(不)

+-divide(分)

+-ual形容词词尾→不再分割的→单独的；个人的belongVictorybelongstothemostpersevering.胜利属于最坚忍的人。 —Napoleon拿破仑·波拿巴（1769年8月15日－1821年5月5日），即拿破仑一世（NapoléonI），出生于科西嘉岛，十九世纪法国伟大的军事家、政治家，法兰西第一帝国的缔造者。拿破仑于1804年12月2日加冕称帝，把共和国变成帝国。在位期间称“法国人的皇帝”，也是历史上自查理三世后第二位享有此名号的法国皇帝。belongvi属(于)；应在(某处)：Putthechairbackwhereitbelongs.

belongto属于；是……的成员；应归入：Someofthestampsbelongtome,whiletherestarehisandhers.

Thefuturebelongstothosewhobelieveinthebeautyoftheirdreams.

MikebelongstotheEnglishclub.

Lionsandtigersbelongtothecatfamily.

注：belongto不能用于进行时态和被动语态。►

belongingn[U]归属：asenseofbelonging►belongingsn[C]

[复数]所有物；财产；财物(possessions)：Lookafteryourpersonalbelongings.2008四川aswellas

与……一样好：IwishIcouldspeakEnglishaswellashecan.

和；也；除……之外：TheweatherinEnglandisverychangeableanditattractstheEnglishaswellastheoutsider.2013重庆改Aswellaswritingstories,Ilovereadingandlisteningtomusic.Theteacheraswellashisstudentsisgoingtoplanttreestomorrow.注aswellas连接主语时，谓语动词应与aswellas前的主语保持人称和数的一致。

[U]防御；保卫；防护：Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefence.

[C]&[U]防务；防御物；防御能力：Thebodyhasnaturaldefencemechanismstoprotectitfromdisease.

[U]&[C]辩护；辩解：Ihavetosayinherdefencethatsheknewnothingaboutitbeforehand.

[C](体育运动中的)后卫；防守队员defence/defensen词源解读：de-(from/away去掉；离开)

+-fenc-(hit/strike打击)

+-e→击挡开→防御；保卫defence/defense语义网络图

防御；保卫；防护基本义具体的防御物

防务；防御物；防御能力

辩护；辩解

后卫；防守队员语言的防御比赛中的防御看图猜词surround围绕

包围；环绕；围困：Tosome,happinessisbeing

surroundedbyfamilyandfriends.Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter.2016

浙江

与……紧密相关：someissuessurroundingalcoholabusesurroundvt【词汇拓展】surroundingadj

[只用于名词前]周围的(nearby)：thesurroundingscenerysurroundings

n

[用复数]周围的事物；环境everythingthatisnearoraroundyou(environment)：Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.人教⑤–3生活中的achievementachieve

v

vt

(凭借努力)达到(目标、标准)tosucceedinreachingaparticulargoal,statusorstandard,especiallyaftermucheffort(attain)：

achievesuccess/progressHappinessisachievedthroughhardwork.Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.2014江西书面表达

vt完成tosucceedindoingsthorcausingsthtohappen(accomplish)：Noonecanachieveanythingwithouteffort.Heachievedwhathehadthoughtimpossible.2009北京改

vi获得成功tobesuccessful：Heisanexcellentlawyerwithagoodbrainandadeterminationtoachieve.

2009陕西►achievableadj

可达到的；可获得的achievement

n19

[U]达成；完成theactorprocessofachievingsth：Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadasenseofachievement.Itisonlytheachievementofthesegoalsthatwillfinallybringlastingpeace.

[C]成就；功绩；成绩：greatscientificachievementsHewasawardedaprizeforhisachievementsinphysics.抽象名词具体化battle“battle”一词开始作为一个比较大众的网络语被大家所熟知，是因为近两年国内综艺节目掀起了一波嘻哈狂潮，譬如《中国有嘻哈》、《这就是街舞》、《热血街舞团》。

“battle”一词常常用于在说唱、街舞中，rapper和rapper之间，dancer和dancer之间的一种PK较量，即人与人之间的“战斗”。battle■

n

[C]&[U]战役；战斗：fight/win/loseabattleNapoleonwasdefeatedattheBattleofWaterloo.

[C]斗争；较量：along-runninglegalbattleAgoodbeginningishalfthebattle.Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself.2018北京fightalosingbattle打一场无望取胜的仗batt-(beat打、击)+-le(反复)→战斗滑铁卢战役（1815年反法联军战胜法国改变欧洲历史的战役）这次战役结束了拿破仑帝国，也是拿破仑一世的最后一战；拿破仑战败后被放逐至圣赫勒拿岛，自此退出历史舞台。■

vt&vi

(与……)斗争；(与……)

战斗：battleforTheybattledwith/againstthewindsandwaves.Howdidourancestorsbattlenaturewiththebasictoolstheyhad?【词汇拓展】battlefieldn[C]战场；冲突地区/领域本单元金句汇总1.Together,individualscanmakeadifference.2.Iwonderifitisconvenientforyoutojoinmeinvisitingtheexhibition.3.Victorybelongstothemostpersevering.4.Thefuturebelongstothosewhobelieveinthebeautyoftheirdreams.

5.Aswellaswritingstories,Ilovereadingandlisteningtomusic.6.Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter.7.Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.8.Noonecanachieveanythingwithouteffort.9.Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadasenseofachievement.10.Agoodbeginningishalfthebattle.11.Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself.随堂检测写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.(2020山东) ___________2.Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.(2019北京) ___________3.Thechildrenarehappybecausetheygetalotmoreindividualattentionandrespondwellbecausesomeonehastimeforthem.(2008上海) ___________4.Thegirlhasaveryindividualwayofdressing. ___________individual(个)人单独的/单个的个人的/个别的独特的一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Thehousebelongs______myauntbutshedoesn’tlivehereanymore.2.Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoples___________

(belong)totwomajorlanguagegroups.

3.Thetaxidriveroftenremindspassengerstotaketheir___________

(belong)whentheyleavethecar.

二、根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。1.WhenIwasaboy,I_______________(是……的成员)theBoyScouts

(童子军),soIusedtogocampingeverysummer.2.Inotherwords,gossip(闲聊)issatisfyingbecauseitgivespeople________________________

(归属感).(2016浙江)belongtobelongingbelongingsbelongedtoasenseofbelonging根据所给汉语及提示，将下列句子译成英语。1.艾美和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。(2019天津)(被动,givesbawelcome)________________________________________________________whenreturningtothevillagelastweek.2.爱伦跳舞很棒。我希望我的舞跳得和她一样好。(2015陕西)(wish)Ellenisafantasticdancer.___________________________________3.这个论坛真的帮助我提高了自信和社交能力，还有我的学习成绩。(2013福建改)(grade)Theforumhasreallyhelpedmetoimprovemyconfidenceandsocialskills______________________________.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,wasgivenawarmwelcomeaswellasIwishIdancedaswellasher.aswellasmyschoolgradesdefence/defense根据句意写出画线部分的汉语意思。1.Thelawyerproducedacleverdefenceofhisclient(客户)._______2.Agooddiethelpsbuildthebody’snaturaldefences._____________3.Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefenceagainstenemyattacks. _____________4.WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim’ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame?(2015天津) _____________5.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblame. ______________防守防御辩护天然抵抗力为……辩护/辩解一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Somelightshowershavebeenforecast

(预报)sincelastmonth,butallofthemhavebeeneffectivein____________(surround)areas.

(2017全国)2.Iwalkinthedoorandseeabrownsofa______________(surround)alowglass-topwoodentable.

(2013四川)3.WhenIheadedtowardthecenter,Ifoundmyself______________(surround)bybuildingsthatmirrorthebestpalacesofEurope.

(2009重庆)4.BillGateshashistoricallysurroundedhimself______________smartpeople,andhe’sfamouslythirstyforknowledge.surroundingsurroundingsurroundedwithsurround二、根据所给提示，翻译下列句子。1.湖边树木环绕。(被动句)______________________________________2.我很快适应了新的环境。______________________________________3.

要和积极向上的人在一起，他们会激励你做得更好。(2016浙江)(who引导的定语从句)______________________________________Thelakeissurroundedbytrees.Isoongotusedtomynewsurroundings.Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter.一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。___________1.Yourachievementissomethingtobeproudof.___________2.Theachievementofaparticulargoalmakesyoufeelgoodandcontributestoyourconfidence.

(2013重庆完形)二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。1.Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeel___________(成就感).

2.Man’sfirstwalkonthemoonwas__________________________(一项伟大的科技成就).3.Inthelastfewyears,Chinahas______________________(取得重大成就)inenvironmentalprotection.(2015北京改)成就达成；完成achievementasenseofachievementagreattechnologicalachievementmadegreatachievements1.这次期末考试我们取得了优异的成绩。___________________________________________2.李华终于实现了自己的梦想，考上了北京大学。______________________________________________________