Unit1 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky教材版本：新外研

册别单元：选择性必修四

Unit1重难点词mind搭配义arise熟词生义complex熟词生义circumstancecommercial词族alternative英语释义辨析义搭配义辨析义短语动词shift一词多义admission熟词生义admissionAdmissionbyticket.凭票入场。生活中的admissionadmissionadmission:来自

admit(B2U2)admissionn

[U]&[C]接纳；进入权；准许入会/学：Admissionbyticket.Shefailedtogainadmissiontotheuniversityofherchoice.theuniversityadmissionspolicy/office

[C]［常作单数］承认；供认：anadmissionofamistake/failure

[U]入场费：admissioncharges/pricesadmit&admission语义网络图供认admit容许……进入（基本义）承认“容许”事情“进入”内心“容许”人“进入”组织或机构“容许”物体“进入”某地接纳；招收容许……进入承认；供认接纳；准许入会/学；入场费进入权admission温故知新“容许”自己做错了的事“进入”公众视野视频学习：makeupyourmind是什么意思?makeupone’smind拿定主意；下定决心makeupone’smind拿定主意；下定决心：Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Hehasmadeuphismindtoovercomehisshortcomings.changeone’smind改变主意：WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn’tlikehim,butIhavechangedmymind.2013全国bear/keep…inmind将……记在心中；记起(bear/keepinmindthat)：It’sagoodidea—I’llbearitinmind.Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.2008全国come/springtomind突然想起;(想法)一下子冒出来：Kindnessandhonestyarewordsthatspringtomindwhentalkingoftheman.loseone’smind发疯：Tobeinthisplace,youhavetohaveasenseofhumororyou’llloseyourmind.put/set/turnone’smindto/setone’smindon集中精力做：Shecouldhavebeenabrilliantpianistifshe’dputhermindtoit.■

adj复杂的(complicated)反simple；复合的：acomplexstateofaffairsThelinkbetweenmoneyandhappinessiscomplex.acomplexsentence■

n[C]综合楼群；综合体；联合企业：anewapartmentcomplex2010浙江【拓展】complexity

n[U]&[C]复杂性；错综复杂（的事物）complex

com-(together,一起）+plex(toweave纺织)→(问题等)织在一起的→复杂的commercial生活中的commercial商业广告commercial

■

adj［常用于名词前］商业的；营利性的；商业化的：commercialradio/TV/channelsThemoviewasnotacommercialsuccess.Festivalsarebecomingmoreandmorecommercial.■

n[C]商业广告：aradio/TVcommercialcommerce(商业)+-al(形容词后缀)→商业的【词汇拓展】commercen[U]商业；贸易(trade)：electroniccommerce(e-commerce)commercialize/commercialisevt［常用于被动语态］使商业化；使成为营利手段：Somepeoplebelievefestivalsshouldnotbecommercialized.►commercialization/commercialisationn[U]商业化词族：commerce,commercial,commercialize,commercialization13

看到上面两幅图，大家很容易想到风能和太阳能，这些自然能源即为“替代能源”（alternativeenergy）。此时，alternative可译为“可替代的”。alternativealternativeadj

[只用于名词前]可供替代的；可供选择的

thatyoucanuse,do,etc.insteadofsthelse：analternativemethod

oflearningThewaywasblocked,sowewentbyanalternativeroad.

非传统的；另类的

differentfromwhatisusualortraditional：analternativelifestyle

alternativeenergy替代能源（指太阳能、风能、水能等）alternativen[C]选择；供选择的东西：Minibuseswithseatsfor12passengersofferanalternativetoexpensivetaxisandcrowdedpublictransport.havenoalternativebuttodosth

除了做某事别无选择：Ihadnoalternativebuttoreporthimtothepolice.【拓展】alternativelyadv[引出第二种选择或可能的建议]二者选一地；或者：Icouldcometoyourhouse,oralternativelywecouldmeetintown.

三个词中，alternative最正式，choice较option稍非正式。

option,choice或alternative均可表示可选择的事物。

alternative较常用以指两个选择，后可接介词to：Youcanbepaidincashweeklyorbychequemonthly;thosearethetwoalternatives.

表示选择权或选择的自由最常用choice，有时也可用option，但通常不用alternative：DoIhaveachoiceofwhatcolortopaintmyroom?

option也指计算机程序里的选项、选择。【辨析】alternative,choice,optionarisearise词源解读：a-(表示加强)+rise(升起)，词源义为：升起arise(arose,arisen)vi［正式用语］

（问题或困难）出现；发生；产生：Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.2012山东

起床；起身；起立：Hearosefromhisseat.arisefrom/outof因……产生；由……引起：Accidentsoftenarisefrom/outofcarelessness.问题、困难或新事物等“升起”人“升起”注：日常用语中，表示出现问题或困难，一般用comeup，不用arise。同义异构：occur,happencircumstance根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Wedon’tusuallyacceptlateapplications,but________________________________________（在这种情况下）wewillmakeanexception.2.___________________________________（在任何情况下都不）shouldyouleavethishouse.inthiscase/in/underthecircumstancesInnocase/In/Undernocircumstancescircumstancen[C]

［常用复数］情况；情形theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.：Ourcircumstancesaresodesperatethatitisuncertainwhetherwewilleverreturnalive.

［复数］［正式用语］境况；状况（尤指经济状况）theconditionsofaperson’slife,especiallythemoneytheyhave：financial/social/personalcircumstancesin/under...circumstances在……情况下：Underthecircumstances,itseemsbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident.It’sanexperimentalmodel,sodon’ttouchitunderanycircumstances.2012江西改circumstance词源解读：circum(around周围)+st(tostand站立)+-ance(名词后缀)→站立的周围→(周边)的状况→情况；情形in/undernocircumstances决不；无论如何不：Undernocircumstancesshouldwedoterriblethingstootherpeople.注：in/undernocircumstances置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。辨析：circumstance,environmentcircumstance和

environment都含有“环境”“状况”之意。●

circumstance指“情况”“情形”（theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.）”，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指“境况”“状况”（尤指经济状况）（howmuchmoneysbhas）”。Wecan’tjudgewhathediduntilweknowallthecircumstances.●environment指“生活环境”“周围状况（theconditionsoftheplacewhereyouare）”，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和。Thetwinswereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironment.Iamnotaproductofmycircumstances.Iamaproductofmydecisions.我不是环境的产物，我是自我选择的结果。史蒂芬·柯维（1932—2012），美国著名博士，被美国《时代周刊》誉为“思想巨匠”、“人类潜能的导师”，并入选影响美国历史进程的25位人物之一。他是一位赢得国际声望的领导才能权威和导师，代表作有《成功人士的7个习惯》、《领导者准则》。shift电脑键盘上的shift键，到底是干什么的？Shift键是键盘中的一个上档转换键，可用于中英文转换，左右各有1个shift键。shift键具有输入法切换、快速切换半角和全角、选择连续文件、直接删除文件等功能。■

v

vi&vt（使）转移；（使）移动：shiftthefurnitureJoelistened,shiftinguncomfortablyfromonefoottoanother.TheWhiteHousehopestoshiftthemedia’sattention

awayfromforeignpolicyissues.

vi&vt（使）改变tochangeyouropinionoforattitudetowardssb/sth：Herefusedtoshifthisground(=changehisopinion).■n

[C]转移；转换：Ashiftinthewindisexpectedtonight.

[C]班；轮班：beontheday/nightshift

[U]（计算机）转换（键）(shiftkey)shift基本义：转移shift语义网络图转移shift(基本义)“转移”物体“转移”想法或态度等（使）转移；（使）移动（使）改变转移；转换班；轮班（计算机）转换（键）nv短语动词

putoff

延期；推迟(delay/postpone)：Shecalledthisafternoontoputoffthemeetingtonextweek.

使反感；使不信任：Sheisverycleverbuthermannerdoestendtoputpeopleoff.

打扰；使分心：Don’tputmeoffwhenI’mtryingtoconcentrate.

使对……失去兴趣：Don’tletyourfailuresputyouofftryingharder.putoff语义网络图off分离；离开延期；推迟打扰；使分心使对……失去兴趣使反感；使不信任putoff使活动与原定日期分离使人与兴趣或热情分离使人与他人的好感和信任分离使心思与正在做的事情分离短语动词含有off的短语动词：off

表示“离开；离去”：gooff

___________；___________出发；letoff___________off

表示“结束；消失”：finishoff

___________；___________大量杀死；___________还清off

表示“（协议、运动、事件等）取消；延期”：calloff

___________；___________延期；推迟off

表示“去掉；除掉；移开”：cutoff

___________；___________脱下使爆炸离开setoff完成；吃完killoffpayoff取消put

off

切断takeoff

passup放弃；错过（机会等）：Youshouldn’tpassuptheopportunitytogotouniversity.

weighup仔细考虑；权衡：Wecanweighuptheoptionsandtrytocometoadecision.含有up的短语动词：up

表示“向上；向高处移动”：___________起立；___________举起；抬高；popup___________up

表示“完全；彻底”：________最终处于/成为；passup___________；_________认输；放弃up

表示“成碎片或分成几部分”：breakup___________；___________切碎up

表示“（数量、程度等）增加；上升”：turnup___________；___________使振作起来standupput

up突然出现；冒出来endup放弃；错过giveup破碎cutup调高cheerup含有down的短语动词：down

表示“向下”：comedown（下降）；_________身体垮掉；pass/handdown（把……传给）；_________放下

down

表示“（写）在纸上”：writedown（写下）,setdown（制定）down

表示“（数量、程度等）下降/减少/减弱”：bringdown（降低）,turndown（调低）；_________平静下来

turndown

关小；调低（音量等）反turnup：CouldyoupleaseturndownyourTVabit?

拒绝(refuse)：Howcouldyouturndownsuchafantasticjobwhenyouhavebeenoutofworkformonths?2014浙江breakdownputdowncalmdown随堂检测mind完成下列句子。1.I___________________（下定决心）Iwouldfindoutwhatwasgoodinmypresentsituation.（2016浙江改）2.Ididn’tchooseEnglishasmymajorintheend.I________________（改变主意）andchosehistoryinstead.（2015湖南改）3.Always_________________________（记住）yourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly.（2015湖南）

5.Theperson’snamedoesn’t___________________（出现在我的脑海中）rightnow.madeupmymindchangedmymindbear/keepinmindthatcomeintomymind根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。1.Whathesaidwastoocomplexformetounderstand.___________2.Thenewsportscomplexopenstothepublictomorrow. ___________3.Complexsentences

playanimportantroleinlearningEnglish. ___________4.Ioftenreflectonthebeautyandcomplexityoflife. ___________complex复杂的综合楼群复合句复杂性根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。1.EveryTVcommercial

ontelevisionhasawebsiteatthebottomofthescreen. ___________2.Hefailedtoseethecommercialvalue

ofhisdiscovery. ___________3.WouldyoubekindenoughtotellmetherightwaytotheCommercialBuilding? ___________4.Thelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming（哼唱）ashortcommercialsong.（2020天津改） ___________commercial电视广告商业价值贸易大楼/商业大厦商业/广告歌曲alternative一、根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。1.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomical（天文的）incidents.Butalternativeexplanationsarehardtofind.（2017江苏） ___________2.Iwasastudentwhowentonalternativebreak

trips,andhadmylifetotallytransformedbythatexperience.（2011天津） ___________非传统假期旅行别的解释二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。1.Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethem___________________________（他们能够信赖的替代物）.（2014山东）2.Doyouhave______________________________________（解决这个问题的其他方法）inyourmind?3.

Facingenergycrisis,morenew__________________________（替代能源）isneededtosearchfor.4.I’mafraid______________________________________（我别无他法，只有让你离开）.5.__________________________（除了咖啡有没有其他选择）onthemenu?(n)an

alternative

theycanrelyonanalternativemethodofsolvingtheproblemalternativeenergyIsthereanalternativetocoffeeIhavenoalternativebuttoaskyoutoleavearise一、根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。1.WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcanarise.（2019全国）

___________2.Tellourkidstokeepcalmwhenproblemsarise.___________3.Hearoseandwalkedtothewindow. ___________4.Mymotheraroseearlyinthemorning. ___________二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。1.Manydifficulties_______________________（由……引起）the