专题01 冠词、名词、代词、介词和介词短语-五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用)(原卷版)

2020-2024年五年高考真题分类汇编PAGEPAGE1专题01冠词、名词、代词、介词和介词短语五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用)第一部分：冠词考点五年考情分布考点1a(n)的用法2023新课标I卷a;2021新课标I卷a。考点2the的用法2024新课标I卷the2023新课标II卷the;2022新课标I卷the;2022新课标II卷the;2020新课标II卷the2020新课标I卷pan前加the；2020新课标I卷the改成a。命题趋向1.考查不定冠词a和an的区别。2.考查使用不定冠词的基本用法。3.考查使用不定冠词的固定搭配。4.考查使用定冠词的基本用法。5.考查使用定冠词的固定搭配。技巧点拨技巧一注意泛指还是特指如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。1．如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现，可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an；如果是前文已经提到过，可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”，一般填the。2．如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。技巧二注意固定搭配考点一：不定冠词a(n)1.(2023新课标I卷)Themeatshouldbefreshwith________touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.2.(2021新课标I卷)Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis________musttovisit!考点二：定冠词the3.(2024新课标I卷)Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhousewalksvisitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainfor________firsttime.4.(2024年浙江1月卷)Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketshavestartedsellingchickenorsaladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).Then,whenyouuseonesection,________otherstaysfresh.5.(2023新课标II卷)Notthepandas,eventhough________languageusedforthemedicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.6.(2023浙江1月卷)Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity,theSummerPalace,andtheTempleofHeaven,thehutongsreflect________cultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.7.(2022新课标I卷)Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.8.(2022新课标II卷)________BrownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutsideToronto.9.(2022年浙江1月)Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree-quartersof________time,theyagreed.10.(2021浙江卷)________Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856tomeettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily.11.(2020新课标II卷)Theplumtreesare________firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).12.(2020浙江卷)Then，with________riseofscience，changesbegan.第二部分：名词考点五年考情分布考点1动词/名词转换为名词2024新课标I卷--engineering;2023新课标II卷--arrival;2021新课标II卷--representative;2020新课标II卷--celebration考点2形容词转换为名词2024新课标I卷--richness;2020新课标I卷--interest;2020新课标III卷--curiosity;2020新课标卷--accuracy。考点3名词单复数2024新课标I卷--favourites;2024新课标II卷--themes;2023新课标II卷--interviews;2022新课标I卷--populations;2021新课标I卷--humans;考点4考查名词所有格2022新课标II卷--son’s；2021浙江卷1月--person’s。一.命题趋向1.考查动词转化为名词的用法。2.形容词转化为名词的用法。3.考查特定语境名词单数变复数用法。4.考查名词所有格用法。5.考查名词转化为动词用法(2019年strengthen考查过)。二.技巧点拨1．根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式。如谓语动词之前、介词之后、形容词之后、冠词或数词之后。2．单数可数名词不能单独使用，要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用，否则就用复数形式表示复数含义。3．注意固定短语中名词的单复数。4．注意名词应该与其修饰语保持数的一致。5．不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词连用。考点一：动词转化为名词1.(2024新课标II卷)Thelatest________(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctionalstructurethatisalsobeautiful.2.(2024浙江1月卷)Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe________(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.3.(2023新课标II卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe________(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.4.(2022浙江1月卷)Whentheanswer,wasno,she,declinedthe________(invite).5.(2021新课标II卷)Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.6.(2021浙江卷)In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir________(marry)ceremonyin1842.7.(2020新课标II卷)ChineseNewYearisa________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.考点二：形容词转化为名词8.(2024新课标I卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutethatbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe________(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.9.(2024新课标II卷)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational________(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazedtofindtheconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.11.(2020新课标III卷)Filledwith________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.12.(2020新课标卷)Historical________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.考点三：名词单复数13.(2024新课标II卷)Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommon________(theme)intheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.14.(2024新课标I卷)TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern________(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.15.(2023新课标II卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive________(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.16.(2022新课标I卷)TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,17.(2023浙江1月卷)ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric________(event).18.(2021新课标I卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe________(human)are.19.(2020浙江卷)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe________(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.20.(2020浙江卷1月)ForJapan,the________(number)aremorestriking-22in1950,46todayand53in2050.考点四：名词所有格21.(2022新课标II卷)Hesavedmy________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown.22.(2021浙江卷1月)Itiscalculatedbydividinga________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.第三部分：代词考点五年考情分布考点1反身代词2024九省联考卷--themselves;2021浙江卷--herself;2020新课标卷--themselves。考点2人称代词2023新课标I卷--their;2021新课标I卷--mine;考点3不定代词2024浙江1月卷—ones；一.命题趋向1.考查反身代词作宾语、表语、同位语的用法。2.考查人称代词作主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词的用法。3.考查不定代词one,ones,that,those替代用法。二.技巧点拨1．通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格；如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词；如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又和句子的主语为同一人或物，则用反身代词。2．通过句式结构和“指代”，判断是否用it如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it；如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/dependon/seeto...＋it＋从句。考点一：反身代词1.(2024九省联考卷)However,hebelievesthatthepracticewithfountainpenshelpsstudentstofocus,towritefaster,andtheycanfeelproudof________(they).2.(2021浙江卷)Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionof________(she),everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.3.(2020新课标卷)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.考点二：人称代词4.(2023新课标I卷)Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthemtobeliftedoutofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof________(they)contents.5.(2021新课标I卷)Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”,anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin_______(I).Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanisamustto考点三：不定代词6.(2024浙江1月卷)Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforward-looking________(one)mayyetcomeoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.第四部分：介词和介词短语考点五年考清分布考点1“动词+介词”构成的短语2024新课标I–standas2022新课标I卷—serveas;2021浙江1月卷—increaseby;2020浙江6月卷—livein;2020新课标卷--competefor;2021浙江6月卷—buysthformoney考点2考查介词短语2020江苏卷—incontactwith。考点3考查易混介词2023浙江1月卷—ascapitalofChina;2020浙江1月卷—isdrivenby一.命题趋向1.考查“动词+介词”构成的短语的用法。需要考生对下列动词构成的短语加以积累：add,catch,fall,look,give,keep,make,put,set,take…2.考查“介词+名词”短语，尤其是“in+名词”，“on+名词”,“with+名词”,“to+名词”等3.考查“be+形容词+介词”短语用法，常考形容词有interested,passionate,curious,angry,strict等。4.考查易混介词固定短语用法。二.技巧点拨技法一分析句子成分如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。技法二记牢搭配1．注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用；2．注意有特殊用法的介词，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。考点一：“动词+介词”短语1.(2024新课标I卷)TheGlasshousestands________agreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute…2.(2022新课标I卷)Giantpandasalsoserve________anumbrellaspecies(物种),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.3.(2021浙江1月卷)Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreased________2.1inwomenandmen.4.(2020浙江6月卷)Some