五年（2020-2024）高考英语真题分类汇编 专题13 阅读表达原卷版 -

2020-2024年五年高考真题分类汇编PAGEPAGE1【好题汇编】五年（2020-2024）高考英语真题分类汇编（北京专用）解析版专题13阅读表达年份主题语境体裁词数话题考点分布细节表达推断表达主旨表达猜词表达2024人与自我记叙文268追求科学研究的独立过程中成长的故事30002023人与社会记叙文280习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。30002022人与社会记叙文286发明一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料30002021人与社会说明文322解决争执减情绪负担3000【2024北京卷】Growingup,Iidealisedindependence.Ialwayswantedmyowneffortstobeenough.WhenIdecidedtopursueapostgraduatedegree,Iwantedtodevelopanovelresearchprogrammeandquicklyestablishmyselfasanindependentscientist.ButIwasunrealisticallyoptimisticaboutwhatIcouldachieve.AsIbegandesigningexperiments,mycommitteememberswarnedmeaboutthechallengesIwouldface.Butmyneedforindependencedrovemetopushforwardwithmyresearchplan.Asaresult,thefirstfouryearsofmypostgraduatecareerweredefinedbyaseriesoffailures.Duringmysecondyear,Ifailedmycomprehensiveexambecausemyproposalwasunclear.Duringmythirdyear,Idiscoveredthataftertreatingthousandsofseeds,IobtainedjustoneplantIcoulduseforexperiments.Bymyfourthyear,mydesperationtosucceedovershadowedmydesireforindependence.MyadviserandIdevised(想出)asomewhatunusualsolution:Iwouldspendthreemonthsinacollaborating(合作的)labtoobtainspecialisedtraining.Iworkedextensivelywithotherstudents,constantlyaskedquestions,andhelpedwithongoingprojectstolearneverythingIcould.Finally,Iconductedanelegantexperimentthatwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpofthemembersinthelab.Myadvisersawthisexperienceasagroundbreakingsuccess,emphasisingthecollaboratingskillsIacquired.Afewmonthslater,whenIrepeatedtheexperimentinmyhomelab,Iproducedmorepublishabledata.Bylearningwhentoaskforhelp,Ieventuallyfoundmyselfonthewaytobecominganindependentscientist.40.Inthebeginning,whatdrovetheauthortopushforwardwiththeresearchplan?_______________________________________________________________________________________________41.Whatwasthesolutionbytheadviserandtheauthorafterthoserepeatedfailures?_______________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Theadviserconsideredtheauthor’sexperienceinthelabagroundbreakingsuccessbecausepublishabledatahadbeenproduced._______________________________________________________________________________________________43.Fromthisstory,whatcanyoulearnabout“independence”?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________【2023北京卷】Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered(触发)bythesecues.A“habitloop(环)”isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward﹣thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedurge,asahabitis.Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,it’spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre﹣evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem(ordon’t).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechangereflectsyourvalues.40．Howarehabitsbuilt?41．Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.43．Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(Inabout40words)【2022北京卷】Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused(浸泡)water.Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.“Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.Thebottleismadewithastrainer(滤网)thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsofthevariousfruitsandvegetablesyouchoosetocomethroughthewater,withoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflowingthrough.TomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtobesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandinstores,butthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).Tomhasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe’dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyourfamily’ssupport.Itisimportanttoknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,andthereisnosuchthingasovernightsuccess.”40.WhatdidTomwitnessathisownschool?41.WheredidTomgettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatementthenunderlineitandexplainwhy.TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.43.AmongTom’squalities,whichone(s)doyouthinkwillbeimportantforus?Why?(Inabout40words)【2021北京卷】Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved，theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased．Thus，itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfriends，familymembers，orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback．Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting．Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns．Youcanengageinanargumentrespectfullywithoutstirringup（激起）anger．Fighting，however，usuallyinvolvespersonalattacks，raisingofvoices，andstormingout．Discussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth．Inastudy，2.000peoplewereaskedtorecordtheirfeelingsandexperiencesforeightdaysinarow．Whenpeoplehadanargumentthattheyconsideredresolved，theyhadhalfthereactivity（情绪反应）ofthosewhoavoidedanargument．Reactivityisanincreaseinnegativeemotionsoradecreaseinpositiveemotions．Inotherwords，resolvinganargumentcutsyournegativefeelingsbyhalf．Onedaylater，peoplewhohadaresolvedargumentreportednoincreaseofnegativeemotionscomparedwiththosewhoavoidedanargument．Thismeansthatresolvinganargumentcanfeellikeyouhavereachedastateofresolution——andyouarelesslikelytobeannoyed．Moreover，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument．Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities．Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot．Itiseasiertoavoidadiscussion，butriskingtalkingaboutitmayeventuallyleadtoabetteroutcome．40.Accordingtothispassage，whatisarguing？41.Whyisitthat“theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument”？42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement，thenunderlineitandexplainwhy．Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry．43.Inadditiontoimprovingemotionalhealth，whatdoyouthinkaresomeotherbenefitsofresolvinganargument？（Inabout40words）Writing01【2024年北京市海淀区高三一模】Asakid,IdreamedofbecomingamarinebiologistandIlivedoutthisfantasybysettingupaquariums(鱼缸)athome.Then,at20,IwasintroducedtophotographerDavidLiittschwager,whohiredmetohelphimwithamagazineassignmentonmarinelife.David’sassignmentwastodocumenttheamazingbiodiversityfoundintheocean.Myrolewastocollectspeciesforhimtophotograph.Everynight,Iwouldcastafloatinglamp.Likemothsdrawntoaflame,mysteriouscreatureswouldemergefromthedepthsinsearchofthislight.I’dthensetupaquariumstohousethemastheywaitedforDavidtotaketheirshot.ThoseeveningsmademefeelasifIwereonanotherplanet.Ihadneverimaginedsuchstrangelife-formscouldexistinouroceans.ButIdidn’tgraspthetruemagicofwhatwasinfrontofmeuntilIsawthephotographsDavidtook.Thebiggestsurprisewashisimageofababyflounder.Icaughtthisfishbyaccident.OnlylaterdidInoticeitstwotinyeyeballsstaringbackatme.ButDavid’sphotographofthisflounderrevealedauniverseofdetailthatevenmyeagereyeshadmissed.Hismacrolensmagnifieditsribs.Thelightning-fastexposurefrozeitsmotion.Apreciselyaimedlightreleasedtherainbowhiddeninitsskin.Andtheblackbackgroundremovedalldistractionstofocusourattentiononthequietbeautyathand.Yearsafterthatproject,Iwassnorkeling(潜水)onashallowreef.Outofthedarkness,anotherbabyflounderemergedandsettledonmymask.ThistimeIknewwhattolookfor.BeforeworkingforDavid,Ihadassumedthegoalofphotographywassimplytoreproduceanobservationsothatotherscouldsharethesameexperience.Ithadneveroccurredtomethatphotographycouldexpandourvisualperceptionandthereforeteachustoseetheworldanew.40．Whatwastheauthor’sresponsibilityinDavid’sassignment?41．WhywasDavid’simageofababyflounderthebiggestsurprisetotheauthor?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.▶Encounteringababyflounderwhilesnorkelingdeepenedtheauthor’sunderstandingthatphotographycouldreproduceanobservation.43．Whatcanhelpyouseetheworldanew?(Inabout40words)Writing02【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】Anxietyisnotdeadly,becausebeingabletofeelanxiousshowsthatourfight-or-flightsystemisoperational,whichisanindicatorofbrainandsensoryhealth.Onceweacceptthatbeinganxiousisanormalpartoflife,wecanuseittoourbenefit.Anxietycanhelpbuildouremotionalstrength.Ifwewanttobuildemotionalstrength,weneedtofacesomedegreeofmentalstress.Ofcourse,unpleasantandabusetendtocausemoreharmthangood,buttheexperienceofoccasionalanxiety,stress,andtensionsubstantiallyincreasesouremotionalcourage.Anxietycanincreaseyouremotionalconnection.Clinicalsciencehasidentifiedthatsharingouranxietieswithourlovedonesisoneofthemosteffectivestrategiestobuildconnection.Whenmypatientslearntoopenupandsharetheiranxietieswiththeirpartners,theyalmostalwaysreportagreatersenseofemotionalconnection.Anxietycanhelpusrebalance.Whenwefeelgenuinelyanxiousbecauseofstress,it’sourbody’swayoftellingustorebalance.Nobodyistrulylimitless.Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsolessstressedandanxious.Anxietycanbeahealthy,helpfulemotionthatisaconstructiveaspectofhumanlife.Whenitcomestooccasionalexperienceofanxiety,itcanemotionallyhelpboostourcourage.Itcanalsobuildupemotionalconnectionwhenweexpressoursensitivefeelingstoothers.Andintheformofstress,itcanserveasaninternalindicatortoremainbalancedandhealthy.Nowit’shightimewestartedputtingittogooduse．40．Whyisanxietynotdeadly?41．Whencananxietyincreaseouremotionalconnection?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy?Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsomorestressedandanxious．43．Asastudent,howdoyoumakeuseoftestanxietytohelpyoubebetterpreparedforexams?(Inabout40words)Writing03【2024年北京市东城区高三一模】Ifyouareapsychologyenthusiast,youhaveprobablyheardofthefamousmarshmallowtest(棉花糖实验).Inthistask,kidsaregivenamarshmallow,andaretoldthattheycaneatthatmarshmallownow,orwaitalittlewhile,andhavetwomarshmallowsinstead.Somekidseatthemarshmallowimmediately,butmosttrytheirbesttowaitfortwo.Whentheresearchersfollowedupwiththosekidslaterinlife,childrenwhowaitedlongerhadbetterlifeoutcomes:moreacademicsuccess,bettersocialbehavior,andevenmarkersofbetterhealth.Theybelievethosechildrenwhokeepwaitingaretheoneswiththemostself-control-akeyfactorinsuccess,andthat’swhytheyaresosuccessfullater.Butwhatifthebehaviorinthemarshmallowtesthasmoretodowithculturalnormsthanself-control?A2022studytestedtheideathatchildrenmaydecidehowlongtowaitforrewardsbasedonwhattheyareaccustomedtowaitingforintheirculture.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,thereisnowidespreadmealtimecustomofwaitinguntileveryoneisserved.InJapan,however,thereis.Becauseofthisdifferenceinnorms,theresearchershypothesizedthatJapanesechildrenwouldwaitlongerinthemarshmallowtestthantheAmericanchildren.Thisisexactlywhattheyfoundlaterinexperiments.Butthisisn’tconclusiveevidence;afterall,maybeJapanesechildrenactuallyhavebetterself-control,ormaybetheydifferfromAmericanchildreninotherwaysthatcouldexplaintheresult.IntheU.S.,giftsareusuallygivenonspecialoccasionsandchildrenusuallyhavetowaitbeforetheycanunwraptheirpresents.InJapan,however,gift-givinghappensmoreoften,andchildrenusuallyopenpresentsimmediately.Giventheseculturaldifferences,scientistsexpectedthatiftheyranthetestwithgiftsinsteadofmarshmallows,Americankidswouldwaitlonger.Onceagain,theirhypothesiswascorrect.Thisisapowerfulresultbecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofcultureandhabitinshapingbehavior.Ifachildwaitsonlyfewminutesbeforegivingupontwomarshmallowsbutmuchlongertounwrapagift,canwereallysaythatchildlacksself-control?Idon’tthinkso.Ithinkitjustmeansthattheyareadjustingwelltotheirsocialsettings.40．Accordingtotheresearchers,whydochildrenwhowaitlongerhavebetterlifeoutcomes?41．Whatwasthepurposeofthe2022study?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Whenscientistsranthetestwithgifts,Americankidsbehavedthesameastheydidinthetestwithmarshmallows.43．Besidesthecasesmentionedinthepassage,pleasegiveoneortwoexamplestoshowhowcultureshapesyourbehavior.(Inabout40words)Writing04【2024年北京市房山区高三一模】Asthesayinggoes,“timewaitsfornoman”.Timeisalwaysagainstus,andwejustcan’tstopit.Maybethat’swhysomeofusarealwaysrunninglateforappointments.Butiftimekeepingisnotwhatyou’regoodat,don’tstress.Theremightbeagoodreasonforyourlackofpunctuality.People’sattitudestobeingontimevary.Someclock-watchandmakesurethey’rebangontimeforameeting.Itis,afterall,rudetobelate,andifyoucanmakeitontime,whycan’teveryoneelse?Butif,likeme,youwanttomakeeverysecondcount,youmighttrytosqueezeasmuchasyoucanintothetimeyouhaveavailable.However,whenyourscheduledoesn’truntoplan,yourpunctualityinevitablyslips.Peoplewholackpromptnesshavebeendescribedas“timebenders”.AuthorGracePacietoldtheBBCthat“they’rethepeoplewhodon’twanttobelate,buttheyhaveastrangeresistancetobeingearly,andtheydon’tallowenoughtime.”Theyassumetheirjourneytoanappointmentwillalwaysgosmoothly,andthetrainwillalwaysbeontime!Perceptionsofunpunctualpeoplearealmostalwaysnegative—evenifsometimeswrong.Expertssay:Beingconsistentlylatemightnotbeyourfault.Itcouldbeyourtype.Thepunctually-challengedoftensharepersonalitycharacteristics,suchasoptimism,lowlevelsofself-control,anxiety,orapenchantforthrill-seeking.Itisalsopossiblepeoplearelatesonottobeconspicuousandtoavoidtheanxiouswaitforotherstoturnup.MaybewelatecomersshouldmakemoreofaneffortandfollowtheadviceIheardtonot“try”tobeontimebut“decide”tobeontime.40．Whatdoes“timebenders”referto?41．Whatarethepersonalitycharacteristicsoftimebenders?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.AccordingtoGracePacie,timebendersdon’tcareaboutbeinglatesotheydon’tallowenoughtime.43．Whatdoyouusuallydotobeontime?(Inabout40words)Writing05【2024年北京市朝阳区高三一模】Gesturesrefertothecommunicationwherevisiblebodilyactionsareusedtocommunicateimportantmessages.Theyincludemovementofhands,face,orotherpartsofthebody.Gesturesbenefitourlivesalot.Takelanguagelearning.Insomelanguages,certainsyllables(音节)withinwordsarepronouncedwithmarkedlymoreweightthanothers,calledlexicalstress.LanguagessuchasEnglishcommonlyfeaturelexicalstress.Forexample,theword“accent”involvesmoreemphasisonthefirstsyllable,“ac”,thanthesecond,“cent”.NativespeakersofChinese,however,don’tuselexicalstressandthereforefinditdifficulttolearnlanguagesthatfeatureit.Makinganyhandgesturecouldhelplearnersrecognizelexicalstress,whichhasbeenprovedbyXingTian’steam.Theyselected124nativeChinesespeakers,whowatchedvideosofpeopleperforminghandmovementsthatweresynced(同步的)torecordingsofthesameEnglishwords.Inaddition,theyalsofoundwhenmorepronouncedgesturesmatchedthestressedsyllable,theparticipantswereparticularlygoodatidentifyingit.Theresearchinvolvedseveralexperiments,whichmakesitdifficulttocombinetheresults.Nevertheless,Tianestimatesthattheuseofgestureshelpedidentifylexicalstressbetween10and15percentmoreaccuratelycomparedwithnogesturesatall,andhowmuchhelpdependsonthenatureofgestures.Afollow-upstudyconductedbyanotherteamexposedthesameChinesespeakerstoRussianwordsandgotsimilarresults.“Ourfindingshighlightthefunctionalroleofgesturesinenhancingspeechlearning,suggestingpracticalstrategiesforlanguageteachingandlearning,”theresearcherswriteintheirpaper.Thebenefitsofgesturesextendfarbeyondteachingandlearning.Sincegesturesaredeeplyintegratedintoourdailylives,theydeservemoreofourattention.40．Whatdogesturesmean?41．WhatdidXingTian’steamfindintheirstudy?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Gestureshelplearnlexicalstress,butthedegreetowhichtheyhelpdependsonthecomplexityofthelexicalstress.43．Besideswhatismentionedinthepassage,howdogesturesbenefityouinyourlife?(Inabout40words)Writing06【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】Fashion’sMeltDownThrowawaycultureistrashingtheplanet—butoneyoungchemicalengineerhasherownwaytoturnitover.Fastfashionhaschangedthewaywedress.Webuymoreclothes,moreoften–butwewearthemless.AlinaBassi,founderofKleiderly,wantstogiveourclothingwasteanotherchanceatausefullife.Bassihasalwayscaredaboutthethreatofclimatechange,butsheactuallystartedhercareerintheoilindustry.Afterafewyears,shelandedatbio-bean,astartupthatturnedwastecoffeegroundsintoproductsthatcouldbeburntforheatandfuel.Afterayear,Bassiwaskeentobranchout—usedcoffeegroundsarenotthebiggestthreatfacingtheplanet.Instead,shepouredhereffortsintotacklingamuchbiggerglobalpolluter:thefashionindustry.AccordingtotheEllenMacArthurFoundation,weproduce100billionitemsofclothingperyear,andthisissettodoubleby2050.Buttheydon’tlastlongenoughtooffset(抵消)thecarboncostofproducingthematerial,creatingtheclothes,andthenshippingthemtocustomers.“Itmakesnosensethatwehavesuchahighcarbonfootprintforsomethingsoshort-lived.”Bassisays.Usingtheprinciplesofacirculareconomy,Bassihasdevelopedalow-energy,multi-stageprocesstoturnclothingfibresintoanalternativetooil-basedplastic.Thisnewplasticcanthenbeusedbymanufacturersintheirexistingmachines,sothatyouroldT-shirtsandjeanswillbecomedifferentproductsinsteadofclothes,suchasclothinghangers,orevenfurniture.Fashioncompanieshavesomeotherwaystoreducefashionwaste,fromcreatingclothesdesignedtolast,torecyclingthefabrictomakemoreclothing.But“aproblemthisbigneedsmultiplesolutions,”Bassisays.“Wethinkaboutthemultiplelivesofaproductandhowwecankeepreusingitinsteadoflettingitfallintolandfillsorincinerators(焚化炉),”shesays.40．WhydidBassiswitchherfocustothefashionindustry?41．Howdidshetackletheproblemscausedbythefashionindustry?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.●Kleiderlycanchangeoldjacketsandtrousersintoanewmaterial,whichcanbeusedtomakemoreclothing.43．Pleasebrieflypresentyourownsolution(s)tothethrowawayproblemindailylife.(about40words)Writing07【2024年人大附中高三三模】FormillionsofFacebookusers,choosingwhichphototouseforanonlineprofileisanimportantdecision.AccordingtoastudybyresearchersattheUTDallasCenter,thephotosweselectmayreflectindividualpreferences,buttheyalsoappeartoreflectmoredeeplyrooted,unconsciousculturaldifferences.Previousresearchhasshownthatculturecanaffectnotonlylanguageandcustom,butalsohowweexperiencetheworldandprocessinformation.Westerncultures,forexample,conditionpeopletothinkofthemselvesashighlyindependententities（实体）,whereasEastAsianculturesstresscollectivismandinterdependence.Dr.DenisePark,co-directoroftheCenteratUTDallas,andformergraduatestudentDr.Chih-MaoHuangoftheUniversityofIllinois,werecuriousaboutwhetherthesepatternsofculturalinfluenceextendtocyberspace.InapaperpublishedintheInternationalJournalofPsychology,theyexaminedtheprofilephotographsofmorethan500activeFacebookusersfromtheUnitedStatesandEastAsia.Overall,theyfoundthatprofilephotosofAmericansaremorelikelytofocusontheindividual'sface,whiletheprofilesofEastAsianstendtolessemphasizethefaceandincludemorebackgroundfeatures.AmericansalsoshowgreatersmileintensitycomparedtoEastAsianFacebookusers.ThefindingsshowmarkedculturaldifferencesinthefocusofattentionamongEastAsianandAmericanFacebookusers.Moreover,theyechopreviousresearchonculturalinfluencesonvisualperception（感知）,attention,andreasoningintheofflineworld."WebelievethesefindingsrelatetoaculturalbiastobemoreindividualisticandindependentintheUSandmorecommunalandinterdependentinAsia,"saidPark.Theresearchalsofoundthatculturalinfluencesoverourself-presentationonlinecanshiftovertimeandfromplacetoplace.Inoneofthestudysamples,AmericansstudyinginJapanandJapanesestudyin