《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-五、玉米螟绿色防控（双语版）

五玉米螟绿色防控

GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer

玉米螟

俗称玉米钻心虫，属鳞翅目螟蛾科。国内分布的玉米螟有亚洲玉米螟和欧洲玉米螟，以亚洲玉米螟为优势种，国内大部分省区均有发生。Cornborer,commonlyknownasmaizeborer,belongstothefamilyBoreridaeofLepidoptera.ThecornborerdistributedinChinaincludesAsiancornborerandEuropeancornborer,withAsiancornborerasthedominantspecies,whichoccursinmostprovincesandregionsinChina.五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer（一）形态识别Morphologicalrecognition1、成虫Imago

雄蛾黄褐色，前翅内横线暗褐色、波状；外横线暗褐色、锯齿状；内、外横线间有2个褐色斑，外横线与外缘线之间有1褐色带；后翅灰黄色，中央和近外缘处各有1褐色带。雌蛾翅颜色比雄蛾淡。Themalemothisyellowish-brown,andtheinnertransverselineoftheforewingisdarkbrownandundulating;theoutertransverselineisdarkbrownandserrated;therearetwobrownspotsbetweentheinnerandoutertransverselines,andthereisabrownbandbetweentheoutertransverselineandtheouteredgeline;thehindwingisgrayish-yellow,andthereisabrownbandinthecenterandneartheouteredge.Femaleshavelighterwingsthanmales.五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer2、卵

Egg

呈椭圆形，稍扁，长约1mm。一般20～60粒产在一起，构成不规则的鱼鳞状卵块。Theeggisoval,slightlyflat,andabout1mmlong.Generally,20–60eggsarelaidtogethertoformirregularfish-scaleeggmasses.五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer3、幼虫Larva

初孵幼虫长约1.5mm，头黑色，体乳白色。老龄幼虫体长20～30mm，背线明显，暗褐色。中、后胸各有4个圆形毛瘤，腹部1～8节每节各有毛瘤6个，前排4个较大，后排2个较小。Thenewlyhatchedlarvaisabout1.5mmlong,withablackheadandamilkywhitebody.Theoldlarvaeare20~30mmlong,withobviousbacklinesanddarkbrownbody.Therearefourroundhairtumorsinthemiddleandlowerthorax,sixineachofthefirsttoeightsegmentsoftheabdomen,fourlargeronesinthefrontrow,andtwosmalleronesinthebackrow.初孵幼虫Newlyhatchedlarvae老龄幼虫Oldlarvae五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer4、蛹

Pupa

体长15～20mm，黄褐色，纺锤形，体背密布细小波状横皱纹。腹部末端臀棘黑褐色，顶端有5～8根钩刺，并有丝缠连。Thebodylengthis15~20mm,yellowish-brown,spindle-shaped,andthebackofthebodyisdenselycoveredwithfinewavytransversewrinkles.Thebuttockspinesattheendoftheabdomenaredarkbrown,with5~8hookspinesatthetop,whichareentangledwiththreads.五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer（二）玉米螟发生规律Occurrenceregularityofcornborer1、生活史Lifehistory（1）世代历期Stages成虫期8-10dImagostage8-10d卵期3-5dEggstage3-5d幼虫期约25d，越冬幼虫长达200dThelarvalstageisabout25d,andtheoverwinteringlarvaelastupto200d蛹期7-11dPupalstage7-11d五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer（2）发生世代Generations国内发生1-7代1-7generationsinChina（3）发生期Occurrenceperiod在重庆越冬代成虫在4月下旬至5月中旬发生。TheoverwinteringimagoesinChongqingoccurfromlateApriltomidMay.四川、重庆一年发生2-4代2–4generationsoccurinSichuanandChongqinginayear第一代幼虫Firstgenerationoflarvae为害春玉米Harmspringcorn第二代幼虫Secondgenerationoflarvae为害夏玉米Harmsummercorn第三、四代幼虫Thirdandfourthgenerationsoflarvae为害秋玉米，且最严重Harmautumncorn,withtheworsthazardw五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer2、玉米螟生活习性Livinghabitsofcornborer（1）成虫Imagoes常晚上羽化Eclosionisgenerallyatnight

繁殖及产卵习性Breedingandspawninghabits趋光性Phototaxis五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer（2）幼虫Larva共5龄5instarsintotal多食性Polyphagia低龄幼虫蛀食心叶，大龄幼虫蛀茎为害Younglarvaeboreheartleaves,whileoldlarvaeborestems负趋光性

喜潜藏为害Negativephototaxis,liketohideanddoharm

趋糖、趋触、趋湿性Glycotaxis,tactilityandhumidity老熟幼虫在寄主被害部位越冬Thematurelarvaeoverwinterattheharmedpartofthehost五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer越冬虫源基数Basenumberofoverwinteringinsectsources气候条件Climaticconditions寄主植物及品种Hostplantandcultivar天敌Naturalenemy栽培管理措施Cultivationmanagementmeasures3、影响稻玉米螟发生的因素Factorsaffectingtheoccurrenceofricecornborer五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer（四）防治技术

ControlTechnique1、农业防治

Agriculturalcontrol

选用高产优质抗(耐)虫品种；消灭越冬虫源，收获后彻底清除玉米螟的越冬场所，清除田间秸秆、根茬并集中烧毁。适当推迟播种期，可减少第一代发生数量，从而减轻第二代的危害。Selecthigh-yieldandhigh-qualitypest-resistantcultivars;eliminatethesourceofoverwinteringpests,completelyremovetheoverwinteringplacesofcornborerafterharvest,removestrawandrootstubbleinthefieldandburntheminacentralizedmanner.Appropriatepostponementofthesowingperiodcanreducethenumberofoccurrenceofthefirstgeneration,thusreducingtheharmofthesecondgeneration.五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer2、生物防治

Biologiccontrol

利用赤眼蜂、白僵菌和苏云金杆菌等防治玉米螟。在玉米螟卵孵化始、初盛、和盛期进行3次放蜂，设放蜂点5～10个／亩，利用赤眼蜂蜂卡放蜂1～2万头/亩，蜂卡经变温锻炼后，夹在玉米植株下部第5或第6叶的叶腑处；在玉米心叶中期每株使用2g孢子含量为50～100亿／g的白僵菌粉，按1：10的比例制成的颗粒剂。UseTrichogrammabassianum,BeauveriabassianaandBacillusthuringiensistocontrolcornborer.Releasebeesthreetimesatthebeginning,initialfloweringandpeakfloweringperiodofcornboreregghatching,setup5~10beespots/mu,andrelease10,000~20,000bees/muwiththeTrichogrammabeecard.Aftertemperaturechangeexercise,clampthecardbetweenthefifthorsixthleavesatthelowerpartofthecornplant;applygranulesmadeintheratioof1:10with2gofBeauveriabassianapowderwithasporecontentof5~10billion/gperplantinthemiddlestageofcorncoreleaf.五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer3、药剂防治

Chemicalcontrol

（1）在玉米心叶期使用颗粒剂是控制玉米螟危害的有效方法。玉米心叶末期，“花叶”和“排孔”合计株率达到10％时，要及时进行集中防治。可选用0.5％辛硫磷颗粒剂，也可选用2．5％溴氰菊酯、或25％甲萘威可湿性粉剂等化学杀虫剂自制颗粒剂防治。Theuseofgranulesintheinnerleafstageofcornisaneffectivemethodtocontrolthehazardofcornborer.Attheendofthecornleafstage,whenthetotalplantingrateof"mosaic"and"rowhole"reaches10%,centralizedcontrolshallbecarriedoutintime.0.5%phoximgranules,2.5%deltamethrin,or25%carbarylwettablepowdersandotherchemicalpesticidescanbeselectedforself-madegranulesforcontrol.五玉米螟绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer3、药剂防治

Chemicalcontrol（2)玉米穗期防治：①药液灌注雄穗，常用药剂有18%杀虫双水剂500倍液、50%敌敌畏乳油800倍液等。这些药液均按每株10ml的用量灌注露雄期的玉米雄穗。②药液点花丝，将50%敌敌畏乳剂800倍液，装入带细塑料管的瓶中，在玉米授粉结束而幼虫尚未集中为害花丝时，将药液滴几滴在雌穗顶端的花丝基部，熏杀幼虫。Controlatthecornspikestag