《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-三、稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控（双语）

三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder

（一）发生与为害情况

OccurrenceandDamage

稻纵卷叶螟俗称刮青虫、百叶虫、小苞虫，属鳞翅目螟蛾科，广泛分布我国南北各稻区，但以南方稻区发生量大，为害重。主要为害水稻，有时为害小麦、甘蔗、粟及一些禾本科杂草。

Riceleaffolder,commonlyknownasCnaphalocrocismedinalisGuenée,belongstoLepidopteraPyralidae,whichiswidelydistributedinvariousriceregionsinthenorthandsouthofChina,butthesouthernriceregionhasalargeamountofoccurrence,causingseriousdamage.Itmainlydamagesrice,sometimeswheat,sugarcane,milletandsomepoaceousweeds.

以幼虫缀丝纵卷水稻叶片成虫苞，幼虫隐匿其中取食叶肉，仅留表皮，形成白色条斑，致使水稻千粒重降低，秕粒增加，一般减产2～3成，重的达5成以上，甚至颗粒无收。

Thelarvaerolltheimagobractsofriceleaveslongitudinallywithfilaments.Thelarvaehideinthemandfeedonmesophyll,leavingonlytheepidermistoformwhitestripes,resultinginadecreaseinthethousand-grainweightofriceandanincreaseinblightedgrains.Generally,theyieldisreducedby20–30%,andmorethan50%inseriouscases,orevennoharvest.三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder（二）形态识别

MorphologicalRecognition

1、成虫

Imago

体长7～9mm，翅展12～18mm，淡黄褐色。前、后翅外缘均有黑褐色宽边。前翅有3条黑褐色条纹，中间一条较短，不达后缘；后翅有2条黑褐色条纹。雄蛾体较小，前翅前缘中央有1个由黑色毛簇组成的眼状纹，前足胫节末端膨大，其上生有褐色丛毛，停息时尾部翘起。雌蛾体较大，停息时尾部平直。

Thebodylengthis7–9mm,thewingspanis12–18mm,anditislightyellowish-brown.Theoutermarginsoftheforewingsandhindwingshavedarkbrownbroadedges.Theforewingshave3black-brownstripes,andthemiddleoneisshort,notreachingthetrailingedge,andthehindwingshave2black-brownstripes.Themalemothissmall.Thereisaneye-shapedstripecomposedofblackhairclustersinthecenteroftheleadingedgeoftheforewing.Theendofthetibiaoftheforelegisenlarged,withbrowntuftsonit.Thetailistiltedatrest.Thefemalemothislargeandhasastraighttailatrest.三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder

2、卵

Egg

长约1mm，宽约0.5mm，近椭圆形，扁平而中央稍隆起。初产时乳白色，后渐变为淡黄色至黄色，孵化前淡黄褐色，可见一黑点。

Itisabout1mmlongand0.5mmwide,nearlyelliptical,flatandslightlyraisedinthecenter.Itismilkywhiteatbirth,thengraduallyturnslightyellowtoyellow,andlightyellowish-brownbeforehatching,withablackspotvisible.

3、幼虫

Larva

末龄幼虫体长14～19mm，通常5龄，少数6龄。体黄绿色或绿色，老熟时为桔红色。前胸背板上有两黑褐色斑纹。中、后胸背面有8个毛片，分二排，前排6个，后排2个。腹部背面有毛片6个，前排4个，后排2个。

Thelastinstarlarvaeare14-19mmlong,usually5thinstar,andafew6thinstar.Thebodyisyellowish-greenorgreen,andorangewhenmature.Therearetwoblack-brownstripesonthebackofthechest.Thereare8hairsonthebackofthemiddleandhindchest,whicharedividedintotworows,6inthefrontrowand2inthebackrow.Thereare6hairsonthebackoftheabdomen,4inthefrontrowand2inthebackrow.三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder

4、蛹

Pupa

体长7～10mm，长圆筒形，末端较尖削，具臀刺8根。初蛹时体色淡黄，后转为红棕色或褐色。Thebodylengthis7-10mm,longcylindrical,withsharpendsand8buttockthorns.Theinitialpupaislightyellowandthenturnsreddishbrownorbrown.三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder（三）发生规律

OccurrenceRegularity1、生活史及习性

Lifehistoryandhabits

稻纵卷叶螟是一种迁飞性害虫。在我国一年发生1～11代，在重庆一年发生5～6代并有零星蛹越冬。在我国东半部，该虫在每年春、夏季可自南向北发生5次迁飞，秋季自北向南回迁3次。Riceleaffolderisamigratorypest.InChina,1~11generationsoccurinayear,and5~6generationsoccurinayearinChongqing,withsporadicpupaeoverwintering.IntheeasternhalfofChina,theinsectcanmigrate5timesfromsouthtonorthinspringandsummerand3timesfromnorthtosouthinautumn.成虫昼伏夜出，白天多停息在稻田或周围其他作物、草丛中，遇惊扰即飞起，但不飞远。有趋光性，对白炽光趋性较强。喜产卵于生长嫩绿、叶宽软披的稻株上。卵多产于中上部叶片的中脉附近，也有少量散产在叶鞘上；一般单粒散产，少数2～5粒联在一起，每雌一般可产卵40～50粒，最多可达170粒。Imagoescomeoutatnightinthedaytimeandmostlyrestinpaddyfieldsorothercropsandgrassesaroundduringtheday.Theyflyupwhendisturbedbutnotfaraway.Theyhavephototaxisandstrongphototaxistoincandescent.Theyliketolayeggsonriceplantswithgreen,wideandsoftleaves.Theeggsaremostlylaidnearthemidveinofthemiddleandupperleaves,andasmallnumberofeggsarescatteredontheleafsheath.Generally,singleeggsarelaid,withafew2–5eggslinkedtogether.

Eachfemalecangenerallylay40–50eggs,upto170eggs.三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder蚁螟大多钻入心叶或卷叶中啃食叶肉，被害处出现针尖大小的半透明小白点，很少结苞。2龄开始吐丝缀卷叶尖或近叶尖的叶缘，形成小虫苞，藏在其中啮食稻叶上表皮和叶肉，致使受害部位仅留下表皮，形成长短不一的条状白斑。进入3龄后，虫苞增长，并开始转苞为害，食量增加明显。4龄后转苞频繁，食量猛增，虫苞大，为害重。幼虫活泼，剥开虫苞时其迅速向后退缩或翻落地面。化蛹部位，分蘖期多在稻丛基部黄叶和无效分蘖上，抽穗后则多在叶鞘内侧，有的还在稻丛基部的植株间或旧虫苞内化蛹。Theantborermostlyboresintotheinnerleavesorcurledleavestoeatmesophyll.Translucentsmallwhitedotswiththesizeofneedletipsappearattheaffectedparts,withfewbuds.The2ndinstarbeginstospinthreadstoembellishtheleaftiportheleafmarginneartheleaftip,formingsmallbracts,whichhideinthebractsandrodentontheepidermisandmesophyllofriceleaves,leavingonlytheepidermisattheaffectedparts,formingstrip-shapedwhitespotsofdifferentlengths.Afterthe3rdinstar,thebractsgrowandbegintoturnintobractsfordamage,andtheappetiteincreasessignificantly.Afterthe4thinstar,theyturnintobractsfrequently,withasharpincreaseinappetiteandlargebracts,causingseriousdamage.Thelarvaeareactiveandquicklyretreatorfalloffthegroundwhenpeelingthebracts.Inthetilleringstage,pupariationmostlyoccursontheyellowleavesandineffectivetillersatthebaseofthericecluster.Afterheading,itismostlyontheinnersideoftheleafsheath,andsomepupatebetweenplantsatthebaseofthericeclusterorintheoldbracts.三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder2、发生条件

OccurrenceConditions（1）气象因素

喜适温暖高湿，温度22～28℃、相对湿度80％以上最有利于发生。

(1)Meteorologicalfactors:Itpreferswarmandhighhumidity,withatemperatureof22–28°Candrelativehumidityofmorethan80%,whichismostconducivetooccurrence.

（2）品种及栽培管理

不同水稻品种间，一般叶色深绿、宽软的比叶色浅淡、质地硬的受害重，矮杆品种比高杆品种，晚粳比晚籼，杂交稻比常规稻发生重。

同一品种，幼虫取食分蘖至抽穗期的成活率高，有利发育。

(2)Varietiesandcultivationmanagement:Generally,darkgreen,wideandsoftleavesaregenerallymorevulnerablethanlightandhardones.Low-stemvarietiesaremorevulnerablethanhigh-stemvarieties,latejaponicavarietiesaremorevulnerablethanlateindicavarieties,andhybridriceismorevulnerablethanconventionalrice.Forthesamevariety,thesurvivalrateoflarvaefromtilleringtoheadingishigh,whichisconducivetodevelopment.

在栽培方措施面，偏施氮肥或田间长期积水，造成禾苗徒长和披叶，同时植株含氮量高，易诱蛾产卵，并有利幼虫结苞为害，也是为害加重。

Intermsofcultivationmeasures,excessiveapplicationofnitrogenfertilizerorlong-termwateraccumulationinthefieldwillcauseexcessivegrowthofseedlingsanddroopingleaves.Atthesametime,theplanthasahighnitrogencontent,whichwillinducemothstolayeggs,helpthelarvaetoformbracts,andincreasethedamage.三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder2、发生条件

OccurrenceConditions（3）天敌

Naturalenemies

稻纵卷叶螟的天敌有80多种，各虫期都有天敌寄生或捕食。卵期寄生性天敌有拟澳洲赤眼蜂、稻螟赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂；幼虫期有稻纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂、螟铃绒茧蜂、扁股小蜂等；蛹期有姬蜂、广大腿蜂。捕食性天敌有青蛙、蜻蜓、豆娘、蜘蛛、隐翅虫、步甲等。Therearemorethan80naturalenemiesofriceleaffolder,whichparasitizeorpreyateachinsectstage.TheparasiticnaturalenemiesintheeggstageincludeTrichogrammaconfusum,TrichogrammajaponicumandTrichogrammadendrolimi;inthelarvalstage,therearericeleaffolderparasitoid,ricebollwormparasitoid,andflattedwasp;inthepupalstage,thereareIchneumonandBrachymerialasusWalker.Predatorynaturalenemiesincludefrogs,dragonflies,damselflies,spiders,staphylinids,andbeetles.三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder拟澳洲赤眼蜂三稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder（四）防治方法

ControlMethods1、农业防治

选用抗（耐）虫水稻品种，合理施肥，使水稻生长发育健壮，防止前期猛发旺长，后期贪青迟熟。科学管水，适当调节搁田时间，降低幼虫孵化期田间湿度，或在化蛹高峰期灌深水2～3d，杀死虫蛹。1.Agriculturalcontrol.Selectinsect-resistantricevarietiesandapplyfertilizerreasonablytomakethericegrowrobustlyandpreventitfromrapidgrowthintheearlystageandslowripeninginthelaterstage.Scientificallymanagewater,properlyadjustthetimeoffielddraining,reducethefieldhumidityduringthelarvaincubationperiod,orirrigatedeepwaterfor2–3daysatthepeakofpupationtokillthepupae.2、生物防治

保护利用天敌，在其产卵盛期，分期分批释放赤眼蜂，每次每亩释放40000～50000头，连放3次。也可用杀螟杆菌或青虫菌等生物农药于孵化后喷雾。2.Biologicalcontrol.Protectandutilizenaturalenemies.Inthepeakperiodofspawning,releaseTrichogrammainstagesandbatches,40,000–50,000permueachtime,threetimesinarow.Biologicalpesticidessuchasbacillusferocidalisorinsecticidalbacteriacanalsobesp