《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-六、粘虫绿色防控(双语版)

六粘虫绿色防控

VIGreenPreventionandControlofArmyworm

（一）发生与危害

Occurrenceandhazard

粘虫俗称五彩虫、行军虫等，隶属于鳞翅目夜蛾科，是一种偏爱禾本科植物的多食性害虫，大爆发年份给农业生产带来巨大损失，被列入我国农作物重大害虫。

Armyworms,commonlyknownascolorfulwormsandmarchingworms,belongtotheNoctuidaefamilyofLepidoptera.TheyarepolyphagouspeststhatpreferPoaceaeplants.Intheyearoflargeoccurrence,theywillbringhugelossestoagriculturalproduction.Therefore,theyarelistedasmajorcroppestsinChina.（二）形态识别

MorphologicalRecognition1、成虫

Imago

黄褐色，雄蛾的体色要比雌蛾要深一些。复眼红褐色，触角丝状，在前翅中央近前缘处有2个近似圆形的淡黄色斑块，外侧圆斑下方有1个小白点。Yellowishbrown,thebodycolorofmalemothsisdarkerthanthatoffemalemoths.Thecompoundeyesarereddish-brown,andtheantennaearefilamentous.Thereare2nearlyroundpaleyellowspotsneartheanteriormargininthecenteroftheforewings,and1smallwhitedotbelowthelateralroundspots.2、卵

Egg

呈馒头形，稍带光泽，直径约0.5mm，通常单层排列呈条状或块状；初产时白色，渐变为黄色至褐色，孵化时变成黑色。Theeggsofarmywormsaresteamedbun-shaped,slightlyglossy,about0.5mmindiameter,usuallyarrangedinstripsorblocksinasinglelayer;whentheyarefirstlaid,theyarewhite,graduallyturnyellowtobrown,andturnblackwhentheyarehatched.3、幼虫

Larva

共6龄，老熟幼虫体长约38mm。体色变化较大，头部黄褐色，沿蜕裂线有棕黑色“八”字纹。Thereare6instarsintotal,thematurelarvaeareabout38mmlong.Thebodycolorvariesgreatly.Theheadisyellowish-brown,withbrownish-black"reversedeight"linesalongthemetamorphosisline.3、幼虫

Larva体表上有五条黑白色纵纹，其中背中线较细、白色，两侧有细黑线；对称分布身体两侧的四条纵纹较宽。腹足基部外侧有黑褐色斑。

Therearefiveblackandwhitelongitudinallinesonthebodysurface,ofwhichthemidlineofthebackisthinandwhite,withthinblacklinesonbothsides.Thefourlongitudinallinessymmetricallydistributedonbothsidesofthebodyarewide.Therearedarkbrownspotsontheoutersideofthebaseofgastropods.4、蛹

Pupa

体长20mm，红褐色，有光泽。腹部背面第5～7节近前缘有马蹄形刻纹。尾刺3对，中间的1对大而直，两侧的细小而弯曲。Thepupais20mmlong,reddish-brown,andglossory.Therearehorseshoe-shapedindentationsonthe5thto7thsegmentsoftheabdominaldorsalsurfaceneartheanteriormargin.Therearethreepairsoftailspines,onepairinthemiddleislargeandstraight,andthetwosidesaretinyandcurved.（三）发生规律

OccurrenceRegularity1、粘虫生活史Lifehistoryofarmyworm（1）世代历期Stafes

粘虫完成一代需要40-50天Ittakes40-50daystocompleteagenerationofarmyworm1、粘虫生活史

Lifehistoryofarmyworm（2）发生世代

Generations

国内发生2-8代，在川渝两地1年发生5～6代。2–8generationsoccurinChina,and5–6generationsoccurinSichuanandChongqinginayear.2、粘虫的生活习性

Livinghabitsofarmyworm

（1）幼虫习性

Larvalhabits幼虫喜欢温暖潮湿的环境，最适宜的生长发育温度为15-25℃，相对湿度是85%。

Thelarvaepreferawarmandhumidenvironment.Themostsuitabletemperatureforgrowthanddevelopmentis15–25°C,andtherelativehumidityis85%.畏光性假死性暴食性（2）化蛹习性

Pupationhabits幼虫在植株附近表土下1-3cm处筑土室化蛹。蛹发育的最适温度为15-20℃，土壤湿度在10-15%的情况下最有利于蛹的发育。Thelarvaepupateinasoilchamber1-3cmbelowthetopsoilneartheplant.Theoptimaltemperatureforpupaldevelopmentis15–20°C,andthesoilhumidityis10–15%,whichismostconducivetopupaldevelopment.（3）成虫习性

Imagohabits

补充营养Supplementnutrition喜甜酸味Prefersweetandsour趋光性Phototaxis迁飞性Migration四、防治技术

粘虫具有远距离迁飞习性，各发生区又互为虫源地，必须注意了解异地虫源和本地虫源的动态，有条件的地方可以利用诱蛾器诱集成虫和谷草把诱集成虫产卵，根据诱集成虫和卵块的数量预测发生量。如果田间幼虫数量较多，要采取果断措施将幼虫消灭在3龄以前。Armywormshavethehabitoflong-distancemigration,andoccurrenceareasaresourcesofeachother.Itisnecessarytopayattentiontounderstandingthedynamicsofbothexternalandlocalsources.Whenconditionsaremet,mothtrapscanbeusedtolureimagoesandusegraingrasstolureimagoestolayeggs,andtheoccurrenceamountcanbepredictedaccordingtothenumberofluredimagoesandeggmasses.Iftherearealargenumberoflarvaeinthefield,decisivemeasuresshallbetakenintimetoeliminatethelarvaebeforethe3rdinstar.虫源数量是黏虫能否大发生的主要依据，预测的方法：①利用黏虫诱蛾器诱集成虫，3天累计成虫300头以上可能大发生。配方是白酒：水：红糖：醋的比例为1：2：3：4（每份为125g），加12.5g的晶体敌百虫。每块地设2盆，3d加半量，5d换一次，检查诱集到的成虫数量。②利用谷草把诱卵，三根谷草为一把，每块地20把，每3d更换一次，检查卵块及卵粒数。Thenumberofpestsourcesisthemainbasisforthelargeoccurrenceofarmyworm.Predictionmethod:①Usearmywormtrapstotrapimagoes,andmorethan300imagoestrappedin3daysindicatethepossibilityofthelargeoccurrence.Theformulaisliquor:water:brownsugar:vinegarintheratioof1:2:3:4(125gperpiece),andadd12.5gofcrystaltrichlorfon.Set2potsforeachplot,addhalfin3days,andreplaceinevery5days;checkthenumberofimagoestrapped.②Usethegraingrasstolureimagoestolayeggs.Takethreepiecesofgraingrassasabundle,put20bundlesineachplot,andreplaceevery3days;checktheeggmassandthenumberofeggs.（1）农业防治

Agriculturalcontrol

如果第1代幼虫发生量较大，第2、3代黏虫发生区，结合夏收夏种及时耕耙及中耕除草，清除草害，减少黏虫食源，同时将部分幼虫翻人土中，不利于幼虫的化蛹和消灭一部分蛹。Iftheoccurrenceofthefirstgenerationoflarvaeislarge,intheoccurrenceareasofthe2ndand3rdgenerationsofarmyworm,timelyploughing,harrowingandintertillageandweedingshallbecarriedoutincombinationwithsummerharvestandsummerplantingtoremoveweedsandreducethefoodsourcesofarmyworm.Besides,somelarvaewillbeturnedintothesoil,whichisnotconducivetothepupationoflarvaeandwilleliminatesomepupae.（2）人工防治

Artificialcontrol

①人工采卵、捕杀幼虫，能在短期内压低虫口密度；还可利用草把诱卵，在成虫产卵盛期前，选叶片完好的稻草、高梁干叶、玉米干叶10～20根扎成小把插在田中，500～800个/hm2，3d更换1次，可将黏虫密度压低50％左右。①Manualeggcollectionandlarvaekillingcanreducethepopulationdensityinashorttime;grassbundlescanalsobeusedtotrapimagoestolayeggs.Beforethepeakperiodofoviposition,select10–20piecesofintactstraws,driedsorghumleaves,anddriedcornleavesandtiethemintobundlesandinserttheminthefield,500–800bundles/hm2,andreplacethemonceevery3days,whichcanreducethearmywormdensitybyabout50%.②糖饵诱杀，成虫盛发期进行诱杀，配方I为糖醋洒诱杀剂即白酒：水：红糖：醋的比例为1：2：3：4（每份为125g），加12.5g的晶体敌百虫；配方II为酒糟诱杀剂（酒糟1份，醋2份，水8份，另加上述总量0.1％的敌百虫），每亩放置l～5个诱杀盆。②Sugarbaitcanbeusedfortrappingandkillingduringthefullincidenceperiodofimagoes.FormulaI:sweetandsoursprinklingtrappingandkillingagent,i.e.liquor:water:brownsugar:vinegarintheratioof1:2:3:4