《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-二、马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控（双语）

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马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控

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GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug

（一）发生与危害

马铃薯瓢虫，又称二十八星瓢虫，属鞘翅目瓢甲科。其寄主为马铃薯、茄子、豆类、瓜类等作物，以马铃薯、茄子受害最重。在我国各地都有发生，以北方地区发生重。二

马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug

(I)OccurrenceandhazardPotatoladybug,alsoknownasHenosepilachnaVigintioctomaculata,belongstothefamilyLadybug'sbeetleoftheorderColeoptera.Itshostsarepotatoes,eggplants,beans,melonsandothercrops,andpotatoesandeggplantsarethemostharmed.ItoccursthroughoutChina,especiallyinthenorthernregion.

以成虫和幼虫都危害，主要取食叶片、嫩茎和果实，被害叶片上形成许多平行的牙痕仅留叶脉及上表皮，严重时受害叶片干枯、灰黑，甚至引起植株全株死亡。二

马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug

Bothadultsandlarvaedoharm,mainlyfeedingonleaves,tenderstems,andfruits.Manyparalleltoothscarsontheharmedleavesonlyleaveveinsandupperepidermis.Inseverecases,theharmedleavesdryup,grayishblack,andevencausethedeathofthewholeplant.（二）形态识别1、成虫体长7～8mm，半球形，赤褐色，密披黄褐色细毛。前胸背板前缘凹陷而前缘角突出，中央有一较大的剑状斑纹，两侧各有2个黑色小斑(有时合成一个)。两鞘翅上各有14个黑斑，鞘翅基部3个黑斑后方的4个黑斑不在一条直线上，两鞘翅合缝处有1～2对黑斑相连。

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马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug

(II)MorphologicalRecognition1.Imago

Theadultis7~8mmlong,hemispherical,rufous,anddenselycoveredwithyellowish-brownfinehairs.Theanteriormarginofthepronotumisdepressedwhiletheanteriormarginangleisprotruded.Thereisalargesword-likestripeinthecenter,with2smallblackspots(sometimessynthesizedintoone)oneachside.Thereare14blackspotsoneachelytronandthreeatitstegula.Thefourblackspotsatitsbackarenotinastraightline.Thereareonetotwopairsofblackspotsconnectedatthejointofitstwoelytra.2、卵体长约1.5mm，弹头形，初产时鲜黄色，后变黄褐色，有纵纹，常20～30粒直立排在叶的背面。

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马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug2.Egg

Theeggsareabout1.5mmlongandbullet-shaped.Theyarebrightyellowatthebeginningofproductionandthenturnyellowishbrownwithlongitudinallines,often20–30piecesarrangeduprightonthebackoftheleaves.3、幼虫老龄幼虫体长约9mm，纺锤形，鲜黄色。头部淡黄色，口器及单眼黑色，体表生有整齐的黑色枝刺。二

马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug3.Larva

Theoldlarvaeareabout9mmlong,spindle-shapedandbrightyellow.Theheadislightyellow,themouthpartsandeyesareblack,andthereareneatblackspinesonthebodysurface.4、蛹体长约7mm，呈椭圆形，淡黄色，全体密背有棕色细毛，背面隆起，有较深的黑色斑纹。尾端包着末龄幼虫的蜕皮。

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马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug4.Pupa

Thepupaisabout7mmlong,oval,lightyellow,withbrownfinehairsonthewholedenseback,raisedonthebackanddarkblackstripes.Thetailiswrappedwiththemoltingofthelastinstarlarvae.（三）发生规律1、马铃薯瓢虫生活史(1)世代历期蛹期5-7d卵期7-8d幼虫期12-16d成虫期30-80d，越冬代成虫期约300d二

马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug

(III)OccurrenceRegularity1.LifeHistoryofpotatoladybug(1)StagesPupalstage5-7dTheimagostageis30-80d,andtheoverwinteringadultstageisabout300dEggstage7-8dLarvalstage12-16d1、马铃薯瓢虫生活史(2)发生世代国内在北方每年发生2代，在南方一年发生3～6代。(3)越冬以成虫群集在背风向阳的石缝及栽培地块的土壤中越冬。二

马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug1.LifeHistoryofpotatoladybug(2)GenerationsInChina,twogenerationsoccureveryyearinthenorthandthreetosixgenerationsinthesouth.(3)Overwintering

Theyoverwinterasimagoesinclustersinleewardandsunnystonecracksandinthesoilofcultivationplots.2、马铃薯瓢虫的生活习性（1）成虫

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具一定的趋光性，但惧怕强光。

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飞行能力较弱，一般一次飞行只能飞数米远。

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假死性，受惊扰时常假死坠地，并分泌有特殊臭味的黄色液体。

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两性生殖，可多次交配多次产卵，每头雌虫可产卵近400粒。二

马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug2.Livinghabitsofpotatoladybug

(1)Imagoes①Certainphototaxis,butfearofstronglight.②Weakflightcapability,generallyonlyseveralmetersawayinoneflight.③Suspended,oftensuspendedandfalltothegroundwhendisturbed,andsecreteyellowliquidwithaspecialodor.④Bisexualreproduction.Itcanmateandlayeggsformanytimes.Eachfemalecanlaynearly400eggs.2、马铃薯瓢虫的生活习性（2）幼虫

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初孵幼虫群集取食，2龄后分散取食

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自相残杀即有取食卵的习性

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惧怕强光

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在叶背或杂草上化蛹

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马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug2.Livinghabitsofpotatoladybug

(2)Larva①Newlyhatchedlarvaefeedinclustersanddispersedlyafterthesecondinstar②Fratricidalkilling,i.e.eggfeeding③Fearofstronglight④Pupateonleafbackorweeds3、影响发生程度的因素越冬代虫源气候条件作物种类与环境天敌二

马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug3.FactorsaffectingthedegreeofoccurrenceOverwinteringsourceClimaticconditionsCropspeciesandenvironmentNaturalenemy（四）防治措施1、农业防治

及时清洁园田，收获后集中残株，深埋或烧毁，消灭卵和幼虫，降低虫源基数；根据卵块颜色鲜艳，容易发现的特点，结合农事活动，人工摘除卵块；利用成虫的假死性拍打植株，用盆承接坠落的虫集中杀灭。2、化学防治

当田间卵孵化率达15％～20％时，抓住幼虫分散前的有利时机用药剂防治。可选用溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯等药剂，药液要均匀喷到叶背和叶面。二

马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控II

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoLadybug

(Ⅳ)Preventionandcontrolmeasures1.Agriculturalcontrol

Cleantheorchardintime,concentratetheresidualplantsafterharvest,buryorburnthemdeeply,eliminateeggsandlarvae,andreducethebasenumberofpestsources;ma