2024-2025学年高中英语Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumourLearningaboutLanguage练习含解析新人教版必修4

PAGEUnit3AtasteofEnglishhumourLearningaboutLanguage语法精讲·探究学习动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语用所给词的适当形式填空,并指出其在句中所充当的成分1.Noonewaseverboredwatchinghim—hissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining(entertain). (宾语补足语)2.Hegrewmoreandmorepopularashischarming(charm)character,thelittletramp,becameknownthroughouttheworld. (定语)3.Hewalkedaroundstifflycarryingawalking(walk)stick.(定语)4.Theactingissoconvincing(convince)thatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted. (表语)一、动词-ing形式在句中作表语1.作表语的动词-ing所体现的是名词的特性,用于对主语的内容进行说明说明,可表示抽象或习惯上的动作,且主语和表语可以换位。*Oneofhisweaknessesistellinglies.=Tellingliesisoneofhisweaknesses.他的缺点之一就是撒谎。*Myjobisdeliveringmilkfromdoortodooreverymorning.我的工作就是每天早上挨家挨户送牛奶。2.作表语的现在分词是形容词性的,表示主语的性质或特征,这时通常看作是形容词,且主语与表语不行换位。*Thereportisverydisturbing.这个报告令人感到担忧。*Theargumentisveryconvincing.这个论点很令人信服。作表语的动词-ing形式,很多是由能够表示人们某种感情或心情的动词变更而来的。常见的有:moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing等,有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。(1)Atthattime,myjobwastakingcareofthehomelessdogs.

曾经有一段时间,我的工作就是照看那些无家可归的狗。(2)Yourtaskiscleaningtheoldcaroverthereonyourown.

你的工作是亲自打扫那边那辆旧车。(3)Thestorysoundsveryencouraging.故事听起来特别令人鼓舞。(4)Theresultoftheexamisquitesurprising.考试的结果特别令人惊讶。二、动词-ing作定语1.动词-ing作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途时,一般只能作前置定语,此时意为“供作……之用”,与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”。*Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.我们学校有一个游泳池。*Studentsarenotpermittedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.在阅览室里不允许学生们大声喧哗。2.动词-ing作定语时可表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态,相当于一个定语从句。*Theboysgatheringattheschoolgatearemyclassmates.=Theboyswhoaregatheringattheschoolgatearemyclassmates.聚集在门口的那些男孩是我的同学。*Thegirlperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.=Thegirlwhoisperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。(1)单个的动词-ing形式作定语放在名词前,动词-ing短语应放在所修饰的名词之后。(2)动词-ing形式的完成时形式一般不作定语,若要表达完整意义最好用定语从句。(1)语法填空。①Grandmacameintomybedroomwithawalking(walk)stickinherhand.②Theyareplanningtobuildaswimming(swim)poolforthekids.③Thestudenttalking(talk)withtheforeignersoverthereisourmonitor.④Theboysplaying(play)basketballovertherearefromourclass.(2)句型转换。①Thestudentsworkinginthecountrywillbebacktomorrow.→Thestudentswhoareworkinginthecountrywillbebacktomorrow.

②Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbeourlibrary.→Thebuildingthat/whichisbeingbuiltnowwillbeourlibrary.

三、动词-ing作宾语补足语1.动词-ing位于感官动词后(see,hear,feel,smell,watch,find,observe,notice等)。*IheardsomeonesingingintheparkwhenIpassedthere.我经过公园的时候听到有人在唱歌。*Ifeltsomeonepattingmeontheshoulder.我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。*IsawTomdoingexercisebytheriverthismorningwhenIpassedby.今早我路过的时候,我看到Tom正在河边熬炼。2.表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have,keep,get,leave等)+sb./sth.+doingsth.。*Wewon’thaveyoudoingthat.我们不允许你那样做。*Youshouldn’thavethewaterrunninglikethisallnight.你不应当让水整夜这样流着。使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……始终做某事”。接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”;接过去分词作宾语补足语,表示“主语请某人做某事,使完成某事或主语遭受某事”。*Thecruelbossmakesthepoorworkersworkdayandnight.狠心的老板让可怜的工人们夜以继日地工作。*IhadmylegbrokenwhenIplayedbasketballyesterday.我昨天打篮球的时候腿断了。3.用于with的复合结构中。*Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪音不断,我没法做家庭作业。*Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.这么多人看着她,她感到很惊慌。语法填空。(1)Withthetemperaturerising(rise),theleavesandgrassbegantoappear.(2)Whenthelittlegirlfoundsomanypeoplesurrounding(surround)her,shefeltverynervous.

(3)WhenIsawthedogbeingbeaten(beat)byseveralboys,Icameuptostopthem.

(4)Themanleftusstanding(stand)alone,unabletofindanyhelp.(5)Don’thavethelightsburning(burn)allnight.Itwillwastetoomuchelectricity.

课时检测·素养达标Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Theprofessorgiving(give)usaspeechaboutwritingnowisfromPeking2.Listen!Themusicthemusiciansareplayingovertheresoundsinteresting(interest).3.WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomenarguing(argue).4.Byfar,therearemanyproblemsremaining(remain)tobesolved.5.Wewereallamazed(amaze)thathedidn’tkeephiswordasbefore.6.Itwasastonishing(astonish)thattheshygirlstoodupandansweredthequestion.7.Abeggarinragsstoodtherewithhiseyesstaring(stare)atthesteakontheplate.8.Thebridgebeingbuilt(build)atpresentoverthatriverwillcomeintousenextmonth.

9.Myparentsdon’tallowustowatch(watch)violentTVprograms.

10.Don’tleavethegirlwaiting(wait)outsideallthetime.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Thisresultisverydisappointing(太令人悲观)andwedon’tknowwhattosay.

2.Severalstudentsarereadingbooksinthewaitingroom(候车室).

3.WhatHelenhatesmostisbeinglaughedatbyothers(被别人讪笑).

4.Theman,lookingveryworried(看上去很担忧),walkedupanddowninthestreet.

5.Mymotherkeptmepractisingplayingthepiano(练习弹钢琴),whichmademeannoyed.

6.Thefilmwasverymoving(特别感人)andIwasmovedtotears.

7.Thestadiumbeingbuilt(在修建中)atpresentinthecityisintendedforthecomingAsianGames.

8.Tobehonest,myfavoritehobbyisreadingbooks(看书).

依据提示补全短文Themanonthescreenis1.anordinaryfarmer(一位一般的农夫).He2.iscontentwith(对……满足)hislifenow.Heenjoyssingingverymuch.Heoftenpracticessinginginthefieldsand3.entertainspeoplewith(使某人欢乐)hissongs.Thoughhisfamilywas4.badlyoff(贫困)inthepast,he5.overcamealotofdifficulties(克服了很多困难)tosing.Hedevotedhimselftosingingandmadehimselfcrazyaboutthemusicregardlessofhowbusyhewaswiththefarmwork.

Fortunately,his6.convincing(convince)voicecontributedtohissuccessinasingingcompetitioninaprogramatCCTV.ItmadehimfamousthroughoutChina.7.Uptonow(直到现在),asafarmersinger,hehasbeenmorepopularwithpeople.Hispersistenceanddeterminationhaspaidoffwithafamoustitle—theChinese“UncleSusan”.

课时素养评价八Unit3LearningaboutLanguageⅠ.单句语法填空1.Themanager’staskisdetermining(determine)howwecanimprovetheservicesweofferourcustomers.2.Whenthepolicearrived,theyspottedthemanboarding(board)aplaneflyingtoParis.3.Thewalking(walk)stickIboughtatthefootofMount4.Thereisanoteatthetablesaying(say)thatmyparentshavegonetotheparty.5.Themomentwasmoreexciting(excite)thananythingintheNBAfinals.6.WhenIsawagirltherecrying(cry),Icameovertoherandaskedherwhethersheneededhelp.7.MrsBrownwaswalkingalongthepath,withherlittledaughterfollowing(follow)her.8.Accordingtothereport,thenumberofpeopleintheworldliving(live)withdepressionisincreasing.9.Theshyboyputuphishand,wantingtoanswerthequestion,whichwasasurprising(surprise)change.10.Youwillfinditastonishing(astonish)thattheboysurvivedthatplanecrash.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Theservicehereisdisappointing.Youshouldgotothatrestaurantnexttime.这里的服务让人悲观。下次你应当去那个饭店。2.Maryfeltherheartjumpingfasterwhentheteacherreadtheexaminationresult.

当老师宣读考试结果的时候,玛丽感觉自己的心跳加快了。3.ThisorganizationalsoplanstohelpallHaitianshavefreshdrinkingwaterandtoiletsby2030.

这个组织也安排帮助全部的海地人到2030年时能有干净的饮用水和厕所。4.Doyouknowtheboytalkingtoourheadmasternow?

你相识那个正在跟我们校长说话的男孩吗?5.Therateofusingfuelsnowlikegasandoilisverysurprisingandtheymaybeuseduponeday.

我们现在用化石燃料如自然气和石油的速度是特别令人惊讶的,它们有一天可能会被用完。6.Thebossmadethemworkingalldaylong,buthegavethemlowsalaries.

老板让他们成天工作,但给的工资却很低。7.Thosepeoplestandingoutsideareallowedtoenterthehallnow.

现在允许站在外面的人进入大厅。8.Don’tleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.

别让她在外面淋雨等着。Ⅰ.阅读理解TheBritishareknownfortheirsenseofhumour.However,itisoftendifficultforforeignerstounderstandtheirjokes.ThemainpointtorememberisthattheBritishoftenuseunderstatement.Understatementmeanssayinglessthanyouthinkorfeel.Forexample,ifsomeonegetsverywetinashowerofrain,hemightsay,“It’salittledamp(潮湿的)outside.”Or,ifsomeoneisveryimpoliteandshoutsatanotherperson,someoneelsemightsay,“Sheisn’texactlyfriendly.”Understatementisoftenusedinunpleasantsituationortomakeanotherpersonlooksilly.UnderstatementplaysanimportantpartinBritishhumour.AnotherkeytounderstandingBritishhumouristhattheBritishliketomakefunofthemselvesaswellasothers.Theyoftenlaughaboutthesillyandunpleasantthingsthathappentooureverydaylifewhensomeoneaccidentallyfallsoverinthestreet.Theyalsoliketomakejokesaboutpeoplefromdifferentclassesofsociety.Theyliketomakejokesabouttheiraccents,thewaytheydressandthewaytheybehave.What’smore,theBritishlovetowatchcomediesaboutpeoplewhodonotknowhowtobehaveinsociety.ThecomedyseriesMrBeanisagoodexampleofthiskindofhumour.MrBeanisthecharactercreatedbyBritishactorRowanAtkinsonin1990.MrBeandoesn’ttalkoften,andinsteadheuseshisbodymovementsandfacialexpressionstomakepeoplelaugh.PerhapswhatmakesMrBeansofunnyisthathedoesthingsthatadultsintherealworldcannotdo.MrBeanispopularinmanycountriesaroundtheworldbecauseyoudonothavetospeakEnglishtounderstandthehumour.Becauseofthis,manypeoplehavebecomefamiliarwiththeBritishsenseofhumour.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是如何理解英式幽默。1.WhyisitdifficultforforeignerstounderstandBritishjokes?A.TheBritishoftenenlargethefact.B.Britishjokesareconnectedwithmanydifferentcultures.C.TheBritishtrytomakeoutthatsomethingislessimportantthanitis.D.Britishjokesarenotasfunnyasjokesinothercountries.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据第一段ThemainpointtorememberisthattheBritishoftenuseunderstatement.及其次段中的Understatementmeanssayinglessthanyouthinkorfeel.可知,英国人常常运用轻描淡写,轻描淡写意味着说得比你想得或感觉得要少,所以外国人很难理解英国笑话是因为英国人总是试图让别人觉得事情没有那么重要。2.Theauthorexplainsunderstatementby_______.

A.usingexamples B.makingcomparisonsC.followingtimeorder D.describingaprocess【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据其次段Forexample,ifsomeonegetsverywetinashowerofrain,hemightsay,“It’salittledampoutside.”Or,ifsomeoneisveryimpoliteandshoutsatanotherperson,someoneelsemightsay,“Sheisn’texactlyfriendly.”可知,作者是通过举例子来说明轻描淡写的。3.MrBeanmakespeoplelaughby_______.

A.tellingfunnystoriesB.makingjokesaboutothers’accentsC.copyinghowothersbehaveD.usinghisbodymovementsandfacialexpressions【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据最终一段MrBeandoesn’ttalkoften,andinsteadheuseshisbodymovementsandfacialexpressionstomakepeoplelaugh.可知,憨豆先生是通过肢体动作和面部表情使人发笑的。4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BritishHumourinComedyB.HumourinDifferentCulturesC.DevelopingYourSenseofHumourD.UnderstandingBritishHumour【解析】选D。主旨大意题。依据第一段However,itisoftendifficultforforeignerstounderstandtheirjokes.ThemainpointtorememberisthattheBritishoftenuseunderstatement.及倒数其次段AnotherkeytounderstandingBritishhumouristhattheBritishliketomakefunofthemselvesaswellasothers.可知,外国人很难理解英式幽默,要记住的主要一点是英国人常常运用轻描淡写,另一个理解英式幽默的关键是英国人不仅喜爱讪笑别人还喜爱讪笑自己,因此本文主要介绍的如何理解英式幽默。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·济南高一检测)Ithadbeenaniceandsunnyday.Isteppedslowlytowardstheedgeofthecliffandlookedout.The1waswonderful.Icould2thegentlewindcomingfromthecoastwhilewatchingthebrilliantsunset.

MydadandIusedtoenjoythesunsettogetheronthatvery3.Wewouldalsowatchthewavescrashintothe4below.Mymotherwouldalwaysannoyushow5itwas.Iwasneverworried,6Ialwaysfeltsafenexttomyfather,whospentmostofhislifeout7iIrememberonetimeonhisboatIhad8offthebackandintothecoldwateraccidentally.Mydadimmediatelyjumpedoffto9me.Iwouldneverforgetthatday,andfromthatpointIknew10wouldpreventmydadprotectingmeifIwasindanger.

AsI11thereontopofthecliff,IrememberedthetimeIspentwithmydad.Ilookeddownsorrowfullyattheurn(骨灰瓮)12.Myfatherwasmyrock,someoneIcould13whenIneededhimmost.Butnowhewasgone,andIfeltsorrowfuland14.

Ithadalwaysbeenmyfather’slast15tohavehisashesscatteredatsea.I16theurn,saida17farewell(告辞),andthenslowlytwistedoffthelid.Thewindstartedtochange18,blowingouttowardsthesea.Ilookedlasttimedownatmyfather’sashesandthen19foramoment.Finally,Iscatteredthecontentsoverthecliff.

Iwipedawaytears,butitwasperfecthappinessratherthansadness,becauseIfinallyknewthemanwho20somuchtome,myfather,wasfinallyatpeace.

【文章大意】本文通过回忆和父亲在生活中的点点滴滴来表达“我”对父亲的怀念。1.A.journeyB.conditionC.viewD.food【解析】选C。依据题空上一句中的“Isteppedslowlytowardstheedgeofthecliffandlookedout.”和题空下一句中的“thebrilliantsunset”可知,作者看到的是风景,故view“风景”符合语境。journey“旅程”;condition“条件”;food“食物”。2.A.see B.feel C.hear D.smell【解析】选B。“我”能感受到温柔的海风。see“看到”;feel“感受到”;hear“听见”;smell“闻到”。依据语境可知,B项正确。3.A.spot B.river C.field D.moment【解析】选A。“我”和父亲以前常常一起在那个地方观赏日落。spot“地点”;river“河流”;field“田地”;moment“时刻”。依据语境可知,A项正确。4.A.wind B.rubbish C.walls D.rocks【解析】选D。我们会看到海浪冲击下面的岩石,故rock“岩石”符合语境。5.A.embarrassing B.interestingC.beautiful D.dangerous【解析】选D。母亲总是会生我们的气,(因为)那样看日落太危急了。故dangerous“危急的”符合语境。embarrassing“令人尴尬的”;interesting“好玩的”;beautiful“漂亮的”。6.A.because B.when C.if D.though【解析】选A。“我”从不担忧,因为当“我”在父亲身边的时候,总是感觉很平安。依据语境可知,此处需用because来引导缘由状语从句。7.A.atpeace B.atrestC.atsunset D.atsea【解析】选D。“我”父亲的大部分时间是在海上他的船中度过的。atpeace“处于和平状态”;atrest“安眠,静止的”;atsunset“日落时”;atsea“在海上”。依据语境可知,D项正确。8.A.jumped B.fallen C.dived D.swum【解析】选B。依据“accidentally”可推断,“我”掉进海里了,故fall“落下,掉下”符合语境。jump“跳”;dive“跳水”;swim“游泳”。9.A.comfort B.search C.rescue D.follow【解析】选C。父亲立刻跳下船去救“我”。comfort“劝慰”;search“搜寻”;rescue“营救”;follow“跟随”。依据语境可知,C项正确。10.A.everything B.somethingC.nothing D.anything【解析】选C。从那时起,“我”相识到,假如自己遇上危急,没有任何东西能阻挡父亲去爱护“我”。everything“一切”;something“某事”;nothing“没有任何东西”;anything“任何事物”。依据语境可知,C项正确。11.A.stood B.lay C.hanged D.slept【解析】选A。当“我”站在悬崖的顶端。stand“站立”;lie“躺,撒谎”;hang的过去式为hanged时意为“上吊,绞死”;sleep“睡觉”。依据语境可知,A项正确。12.A.undermyarm B.inmyhandC.onmyshoulder D.aroundmyneck【解析】选B。“我”很哀思地看着手里的骨灰瓮。故inmyhand“在我的手里”符合语境。undermyarm“在我的胳膊下”;onmyshoulder“在我的肩膀上”;aroundmyneck“在我的颈项上”。13.A.carefor B.learnfromC.dependon D.turndown【解析】选C。当“我”特别须要他时,父亲是“我”可以依靠的人。carefor“照看”;learnfrom“从……学到”;dependon“依靠,信任”;turndown“拒绝,关小”。依据语境可知,C项正确。14.A.fearless B.hopeless C.careless D.shameless【解析】选B。但是现在他已离“我”而去,“我”感到哀痛和无望。fearless“无畏的”;hopeless“无望的”;careless“马虎的”;shameless“无耻的”。依据语境可知,B项正确。15.A.chance B.behaviourC.ambition D.wish【解析】选D。将骨灰撒在大海始终以来都是“我”父亲的愿望。chance“机会”;behaviour“行为”;ambition“雄心”;wish“愿望”。依据语境可知,D项正确。16.A.lookedbackon B.lookedoutforC.lookeddownat D.lookedupto【解析】选C。“我”向下看了看手里的骨灰瓮,静默地向它告辞,然后渐渐拧开盖子。lookbackon“回顾”;lookoutfor“留心”;lookdownat“向下看”;lookupto“敬重”。依据语境可知,C项正确。依据本段中的“Ilookedlasttimedownatmyfather’sashes”也可得出答案。17.A.silent B.shockingC.sudden D.strange【解析】选A。“我”向下看了看手里的骨灰瓮,静默地向它告辞,然后渐渐拧开盖子。silent“静默的”。18.A.speed B.distance C.force D.direction【解析】选D。海风起先变更方向。direction“方向”,符合语境。speed“速度”;distance“距离”;force“武力”。19.A.screamed B.hesitatedC.laughed D.complained【解析】选B。“我”迟疑了一会儿,故hesitate“迟疑”,符合语境。scream“尖叫”;laugh“笑”;complain“埋怨”。20.A.helped B.meant C.owed D.did【解析】选B。因为“我”最终意识到这个对“我”特别重要的男人,“我”的父亲最终得到了安静。故meansth.tosb.“对某人有价值或重要”符合语境。help“帮助”;owe“将……归功于”;do“对……有效果”。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinesenamesarefullofmeanings.Itispartoftheculture.Westernpeople’snamesarealittle1.___________(difference).Let’slookatsomeofthe2.___________(reason)behindWesternnames.

If3.___________girlfromChinaiscalled“Mei”,weknowitmeans“beautiful”.Ifaboyiscalled“Wu”,weknowitmeans“likeasoldier”.Itisbecauseofthemeaning4.___________peoplechoosethenamesforthelittleboyorgirl.

Sometimesnames5.___________(pick)fortheirmeaningintheWesttoo.Ifagirliscalled“Joy”thentheparentshavenamedherthisbecausetheywanther6.___________(be)happyandtobringothers7.___________(happy).Othertimesnamesarechosenbecausetheyaretraditionalnames8.___________(take)fromtheBible(圣经)forexample,likeNoah,Mathew,RuthandJohn.

ButinaWesterncountryboysandgirlsaregivennamesforotherreasons.Thesound9.___________(be)veryimportant.ParentscallagirlJasmine,maybejustbecausetheylikethesoundofit.

Parentswilloftenchooseanamebecauseitalso10.___________(belong)toafamousperson,likeapopstar,anactor,orafootballer.Inthelast10yearsmanyboyshavebeennamed“David”afterthefootballerDavidBeckham.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中西方取名字的差异。1.【解析】different。考查词性转换。作表语用形容词,故填different。2.【解析】reasons。考查名词的复数。some修饰可数名词的复数,故填reasons。3.【解析】a。考查冠词。此处泛指一个中国女孩,故填a。4.【解析】that。考查强调句型。句意:正是因为这个含义人们才给小男孩和小女孩取这个名字。此处为强调句型,其基本结构为itis+被强调部分+that+其余部分,此处强调缘由状语,故填that。5.【解析】arepicked。考查动词的时态和语态。句意:有时在西方名字也是依据其含义选择的。文章基础时态为一般现在时,names与pick之间是被动关系,因此用一般现在时的被动语态。6.【解析】tobe。考查非谓语动词。wantsb.todosth.想让某人做某事,不定式作宾语补足语。7.【解析】happiness。考查词性转换。bringsb.sth.表示“给某人带来某物”,此处作宾语应用名词,故填happiness。8.【解析】taken。考查非谓语动词。names与take是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作后置定语。9.【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一样。文章基础时态为一般现在时,主语是sound,谓语用第三人称单数,故填is。10.【解析】belongs。考查时态和主谓一样。句意:父母通常也会选择一个属于名人的名字。文章基础时态为一般现在时,主语是it,谓语用第三人称单数,故填belongs。阅读理解A(2024·苏州高一检测)HowPlantsBranchOuttoAccessWaterNewresearchhasdiscoveredhowplantrootssensetheavailabilityofwaterinsoilandthenadapt(适应)theirshapetoacquirewater.Thediscoverycouldenablecropstoberaisedwhicharemoreadaptivetochangesinclimateconditions,suchastheabsenceofwater,andhelpensurefoodsafetyinthefuture.Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalScience,describeanewmechanism(机制)discoveredbycooperatingteamsattheuniversitiesofNottinghamandDurham.Rootsareveryimportantforplantstoacquirewaterandnutrients(养分)fromthesoil.Waterisnecessarytoplantgrowth,yetchangingclimaticconditionsmakesacquiringwaterfromsoilevenmorechallenging.Plantsareabletoadapttodifferentsoilmoisture(潮湿)conditionsbychangingtheirroots.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatplantrootslackingabranchingmastergenewerenolongerabletobranchout.Theyfoundthatwhenrootshaveaccesstomoisture,thecertaingeneremainsactiveandpromotesrootbranching,butwhenputinair,thegeneisinactivated,preventingrootbranching.Theresearchhasidentifiedthecertainproteinwhichcaninactivaterootbranching.ProfessorSadanandomexplained,“Thisishugelyexcitingasitopensupthepossibilityforustohelpdevelopplantsthatcouldcontinuetobranchrootseveninchallengingconditionssuchastheabsenceofwater.”ProfessorBennettconcluded,“Wateristhekeytoplantgrowth,developmentandtheirsurvival.Bystudyinghowplantrootschangetheirbranchinginresponse(回应)towateravailability,wehaveuncoveredanewmechanism.Thisopensthewaytodevelopnewcropsbetteradaptedtoclimatechangeandtohelpdeliverglobalfoodsafety.”Itisabsolutelyimperativetoensurefoodsafetyworldwide.Cropproductionmustdoubleby2050tokeeppacewithglobalpopulationgrowth.Thistargetisevenmorechallengingconsideringtheeffectofclimatechangeonwateravailability.Inthiscase,developingcropswithbetterabilitytoacquirewaterwouldprovideasolution.【文章大意】本文是说明文。一项新的探讨发觉了植物根系是如何感知土壤中水分的可利用性,然后调整自身形态来获得水分的,并介绍了这一发觉的意义。1.ThefindingsoftheresearchmayhaveapositiveeffectonseveralglobalissuesEXCEPT_______.

A.ensuringfoodsafetyB.preservingtheagricultureC.solvingtheabsenceofwaterD.increasingcropproduction【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的最终一句及文章其他内容可知这一发觉能使农作物更能适应气候条件的变更,增加产量,解决水资源缺乏,并有助于确保将来的食品平安。B项爱护农业没有涉及,故选B。2.Withthehelpofthefindings,plantsmaybeableto_______.

A.takeinmorenutrientsB.changeinactivatedrootsC.growinchallengingconditionsD.branchoutwithoutaspecialgene.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据第五段Thisishugelyexcitingasitopensupthepossibilityforustohelpdevelopplantsthatcouldcontinuetobranchrootseveninchallengingconditionssuchastheabsenceofwater.可知这个发觉为我们供应了一种可能性,能够帮助我们培育出即使在缺水这样具有挑战性的条件下也能接着生根的植物。故选C。3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“imperative”inthelastparagraph?A.effective. B.hopeful.C.impractical. D.urgent.【解析】选D。词义揣测题。第六段最终一句Thisopensthewaytodevelopnewcropsbetteradaptedtoclimatechangeandtohelpdeliverglobalfoodsafety.提到新发觉为开发更好地适应气候变更的新作物和帮助实现全球食品平安开拓了道路。本句提到了ensurefoodsafetyworldwide(确保全球食品平安),依据上下文语境和常识可知此处指确保全球食物平安是肯定紧迫的,imperative与urgent同义,故选D。4.WhatisthenewmechanismmentionedbyProfessorBennett?A.Howabranchingmastergenerespondstoaparticularnutrient.B.Howplantrootschangetheirshapeaccordingtothesoilmoisture.C.Whyplantshavedifferentabilitiestoadapttosoilmoistureconditions.D.Howthecertainproteininactivatesrootbranchingwhenaccessibletowater.【解析】选B。推理推断题。依据第三段中的Plantsareabletoadapttodifferentsoilmoistureconditionsbychangingtheirroots.(植物能够通过变更它们的根来适应不同的土壤潮湿条件。)和倒数其次段中的Bystudyinghowplantrootschangetheirbranchinginresponsetowateravailability,wehaveuncoveredanewmechanism.(通过探讨植物根系如何变更它们的分支来回应水的可用性,我们发觉了一个新的机制。)由此推断出,这个新机制就是植物根系是如何依据土壤湿度变更形态的,故选B。BThoughsometimeswemayloseourabilitytodosomethingwelove,passionsdon’thavetoend.SuzellePooleofDallas,Suzellestartedballetwhenshewasjust7yearsold,andherdevotiononlygrewstrongerashertalentincreasedinthefollowingyears.Infact,Suzellewassotalentedthatshewenttoperformallaroundtheworld!Likemostprofessionalballerinas(芭蕾舞女),Suzelleexpectedashort-livedcareer.“WhenIwasabout26,IknewIonlyhadafewyearsleft,”shesaid.It’ssimplythenatureoftheartformbecausethemovementsaresohardonpeople’sbodies.ButSuzelle’sbodydidn’twearoutat26—oreven56!Atonepoint,shebrokeherarmbutshewasdancingagainbyth