新版译林高中英语课件教案练习选择性必修三Unit 3 Back to the past（A卷·夯实基础）（原卷版）

Unit3Backtothepast测试（A卷·夯实基础）（时间：90分钟，满分：100分）第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共10小题:每小题2分,满分20分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2020·四川乐山·高三阶段练习）Lookingaroundyourcity,itmaybehardtoimaginethattheremightbeatimewhenitwilldisappear.Butthat'sexactlywhathappenedtothesecommunities.HashimaIsland,JapanHashimaIslandwasformerlyoneofthemostpopulatedcitiesintheworld.The6hectareislandprovidedjobstomorethan5000people,manyofwhommadetheirlivingattheisland'sunderwatercoalmines.Whenthemineswereclosed,HashimaIslandwasabandoned.Consonno,ItalyConsonnowasatinytownwithapopulationoflessthan300androotsdatingbacktothemiddleages.ThenMarioBagnocamealonganddecidedtoturntheareaintotheLasVegasofItaly.Heknockeddownnearlyeverybuilding.Thenlandslidestruck,buryingtheaccessroadandtheprojectwasneverfinished.Today,Consonnohasbeenabandoned.EasternSettlement,GreenlandEasternSettlementinGreenlandisn'tjustanabandonedcity,it'salsoamystery.OncethemostpopulatedareainGreenland,theareawasabandonedandnooneknowswhy.Thelastknownwritingsfromtheareaappliedtoaweddingin1408andofferednoclues.Itremainsoneofmanyancientmysteriesresearcherscan,texplain.Troy,TurkeyTroywasregardedimmortal（不朽的）inHomer'sepicpoem,TheIliad.Formanyyears,theTroyofAncientGreecewasmerelythestuffoflegendbutinthe1800sitslocationwasdiscoveredinwhatisnowTurkey.Thesitecontainslayersofruinsarchaeologistsarestillstudying.1．Whatdothefourcommunitieshaveincommon?A．Theyweredeserted. B．Theywerecapitalcities.C．Theyweretouristspots. D．Theywerethicklypopulated.2．Whichcommunitysufferedfromanaturaldisaster?A．HashimaIsland. B．Consonno.C．EasternSettlement. D．Troy.3．WhatdoweknowaboutEasternSettlement?A．Itdisappearedfornoobviousreason.B．It'saplacewhereweddingswereheld.C．It'saplaceforvisitorstoexperiencehistory.D．ItexistedasoneoftheoldesttownsinGreenland.B（2020·全国·高二课时练习）ThereweremanybattlesthattookplaceduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar(1775—1783),butperhapssoneoftheworstbattlesinvolved.theAmericanContinentalArmyversus(对抗)thewinteratValleyForgein1777and1778.HeremanypeoplebelievewaswheretheAmericanArmywasborn.ValleyForgeislocatedabout25milesnorthwestofPhiladelphiainthesoutheasterncornerofPennsylvania.GeneralGeorgeWashingtonwasthecommander-in-chiefoftheContinentalArmyandhedecidedtosetupwintercampatValleyForge.ItwasclosetoPhiladelphia,whichwaswheretheBritishhadbeencampingoutforthewinter.Thisallowedhimtokeepawatchfuleyeontheirmovements.TherewerehighareasinMountJoyandMountMiserywherethearmycouldmakefortifications(防御工事).NearbywasalsotheSchuylkillRiver,whichwasusedasabarriertotheNorth.Thearmy'sstayatValleyForgeturnedintoatimeoftraining.BesidesWashington,twootherleadersincludedGeneralFriedrichvonSteubenandGeneralMarquisdeLafayette.SteubenwasborninPrussiaandarrivedatValleyForgewitharecommendationletterfromstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklin.HetrainedtheContinentalArmyusingthedailydrill(操练),evenintheextremelycoldweather.Infact,hewasresponsibleforwritingthearmy'sRevolutionaryWarDrillManual,whichservedasthestandardUnitedStatesdrillmanual(手册)untiltheWarof1812.LafayettewasaFrenchmilitaryleader,workingfornopay,andaskingfornospecialtreatment.Helaterbecameanimportantcommanderinseveralkeybattlesduringthewar.Besidesthefreezingweather,itwasconsistentlycold,wet,andsnowyatValleyForge.Inaddition,foodwaslacking,andtherewereveryfewwarmclothes,shoes,orblankets.Thelogcabinstheylivedinwerecrowded,coldanddamp,andalloweddiseasestoeasilyspread.Ofthe10,000menatValleyForge,2,500diedbeforethebreakofspringmostlyfromdiseases.FollowingthewinteratValleyForge,underWashington'sleadership,abetter-disciplined,trained,andmorepowerfularmy,inhighspirits,leftonJune19,1778.Ninedayslater,theirfirstvictoryagainsttheBritishoccurredattheBattleofMonmouthinNewJersey.4．WhywasValleyForgechosenasthesiteofawintercamp?A．Itwaskeytotheeffectiveconductofwar. B．Itwasanidealplaceformilitarytraining.C．ItwasveryfarfromtheBritishcamp. D．Itwasanareawithadequatesupplies.5．Whowastheauthoroftheimportantdrillmanual?A．BenjaminFranklin. B．GeorgeWashington.C．MarquisdeLafayette. D．FriedrichvonSteuben.6．WhichcanbeusedtodescribetheconditionsatValleyForge?A．Strange. B．Tough. C．Favorable. D．Relaxing.7．HowdidtheContinentalArmychangeafterthewinter?A．ItwastakenoverbytheAmericanArmy. B．Itwonmoresupportfromthepeople.C．Ithadmanymoresoldiers. D．Itbecameastrongerarmy.C（2021·北京·人大附中三模）ItwasasimpleletteraskingforaplacetostudyatScotland'soldestuniversitywhichhelpedstartarevolutioninhighereducation.A140-year-oldletterwrittenbyaladycallingforhertobeledtostudymedicineatStAndrewsUniversityhasbeendiscoveredbyresearchers.WrittenbySophiaJex-Blakein1873,thesevendocument,whichurgedtheuniversitytoallowwomentostudymedicineattheinstitution,wasreleasedyesterdayonInternationalWomen'sDay.Thedocumentwasdiscoveredburiedintheuniversityarchivesbypart-timehistorystudentLisSmith,whoiscompletingherPhDatStAndrewsInstituteofScottishHistoricalResearch.Shesaid,"WeknewthatSophiaJex-Blakeandhersupporters,intheirefforttoopenupuniversitymedicaleducationforwomen,hadwrittentotheSenatusAcademicus（校评议委员会）atStAndrewsinanattempttogainpermissiontoattendclassesthere,butwedidn'tknowdocumentaryevidenceexisted.Whilesearchingthearchivesforinformationabouttheuniversity'shighercertificateforwomen,IwasastonishedtocomeacrosswhatmustbetheveryletterJex-Blakewrote."Intheletter,SophiaandhersupportersofferedtohireteachersorbuildsuitablebuildingsforamedicalschoolandtoarrangeforlecturestobedeliveredinthesubjectsnotalreadycoveredatStAndrews.Althoughherletterwasnotsuccessful,iteventuallyledtotheestablishmentoftheLadiesLiterateinArtsatStAndrews,adistance-learningdegreeforwomen.Thequalification,whichranfrom1877untilthe1930s,gavewomenaccesstouniversityeducationinthedaysbeforetheywereadmittedasstudents.ItwassopopularthatitsurvivedlongafterwomenwereadmittedasfullstudentstoStAndrewsin1892.MsJex-BlakewentontohelpestablishtheLondonSchoolofMedicineforWomenin1874.ShewasacceptedbytheUniversityofBerne,whereshewasawardedamedicaldegreeinJanuary1877.Eventually,shemovedbacktoEdinburghandopenedherownpractice.8．SophiawrotealettertoStAndrewsUniversitybecauseshewanted________.A．tocarryoutaresearchprojectthereB．tosetupamedicalinstitutethereC．tostudymedicinethereD．todeliverlecturesthere9．LisSmithfoundSophia'slettertoStAndrewsUniversity________.A．bypurechance B．intheschoolofficeC．withhersupporters'help D．whilereadinghistorybook10．Sophia'sletterresultedintheestablishmentof________.A．theLondonSchoolofMedicineforWomenB．adegreeprogrammeforwomenC．asystemofmedicaleducationD．theUniversityofBerner第二节(共5小题:每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2021·山东胶州·高一期末）Britonsarewellknownfortheamountofteathattheydrink.TheaveragepersonintheUKconsumesaround1.9kgofteaannually.That’saround876cupsoftea.Teaisdrunkbyallsectionsofsociety.____11____ThevastmajorityofteaisgrowninIndiaandChina.So,howdiditbecomeanimportantpartofBritishculture?TeaarrivedinLondoninthe1600s.____12____Itwasnotlongbeforegreenteawasavailabletobuy.However,thiswasonlyavailabletotherichersectionsofsociety.Atthebeginningofthe1700stheamountofteaarrivinginBritainincreasedgradually.Blackteaarrivedatthistime.____13____Theysoondiscoveredthatitmixedreallywellwithalittlemilkandsugar,givingthedrinkaspecialBritishcharacteristic.Inthe1800steawasstillaproductenjoyedonlybypeoplewithmoney.Atthistimetheybegantohave‘afternoontea’.Thisinvolvesdrinkingteawithasnackaround4p.m.toavoidfeelinghungrybetweenlunchanddinner.____14________15____Itwasnolongeradrinkjustforrichpeople.Tearooms-shopswhereyoucouldbuyanddrinktea-startedtoappearacrossthecountry.Peopleenjoyeddrinkingteaandsocialisingintheseplaces.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,Britonsbegantomaketeaintheirhomeswhenevertheyfeltlikeit.Kettlesbecameessentialineverykitchen.A．ButteadoesnotgrowinBritain.B．Britainbegantodrinkteaintheseventeenthcentury.C．AtfirstpeopledrankthisteaexactlyasitwasinChina.D．TheteacultureofBritainisthemostfamousandtypical.E．Itisatraditionthatisstillgoingtodaybuthasbecomelesspopularinrecenttimes.F．AtthistimeBritishshipswereexploringtheworldandcameacrossthedrinkinChina.G．Inthelate1800s,thepriceofteadecreasedsharplyasmoreteabegantoarriveonshipsfromIndiaandChina.第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2019·福建·高一期末）OneofthemostimportanteventsinthemodernOlympicGamesistheMarathon(马拉松)race.Therace___16___oneofthegreateventsinGreekhistory.In490BC．about10,000Greeks___17___againstthePersianarmyataplacecalledMarathon.Itis___18___thatthePersiansweretentimesas___19___astheGreeks.However,wherethereisawill,thereisaway.___20___thebraveattackoftheGreeks,thePersianswerebadlybeatenand___21___awayfromtheplainofMarathon.WhenthePersianshadrunaway,asoldier,whowasthemostfamous___22___inAthens,was___23___tocarrythegoodnewstothecityandhewasalsoaskedtomarchatfullspeed.Althoughhehadfoughtthroughthebattleand___24___manywounds,thesoldieratoncestartedofftowardthe____25____city____26____wastwenty-sixandaquartermilesfromtheplainofMarathontotheMarketplaceofAthens,____27____theretheeldersofAthenshadgathered____28____fornews.Heranandranover____29____andacrossplains.Ashewenton,hislipsbecame____30____andhisbreathinghard,butwhenhethoughtofthejoyofthepeopleofAthensonhearingthenews,heranharderthanever.AtlasttheeldersofAthensheardagreatshoutandsawasoldierstaggering(蹒跚)towardthem.”Rejoice!Rejoice!Wewon!”saidthesoldier,andfelldowndead.Inhonorofthisnoblesoldierandathlete,wehaveinthemodernOlympicGamestheMarathonrace,wheretheathletesrunthissamedistance.16．A．comeround B．cameabout C．cameout D．camefrom17．A．exploded B．competed C．fought D．hunted18．A．designed B．said C．told D．reported19．A．little B．few C．many D．much20．A．In B．To C．Before D．By21．A．taken B．driven C．got D．rolled22．A．player B．officer C．soldier D．runner23．A．advised B．ordered C．succeeded D．allowed24．A．accepted B．harmed C．received D．formed25．A．far B．nearby C．close D．distant26．A．This B．That C．There D．It27．A．and B．but C．or D．so28．A．asking B．calling C．waiting D．looking29．A．railways B．hills C．rivers D．highways30．A．fancy B．wet C．red D．dry第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2019·全国全国·高一课时练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheVikings,agroupofpeople__31__ancestorscamefromScandinavia,werethefirstEuropeans__32__(reach)America.In982AD,therewere10,000Vikings__33__(live)inIceland.According__34__theoldstories,ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommitted__35__murder,forwhichhegotintotrouble.HereachedGreenlandandthenreturnedtoIcelandandtoldpeopleaboutGreenland.Later,hesetsailagain,with25ships,ofwhichonly14made__36__toGreenland.AmancalledBiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfoundhimselfinan__37__(know)landthatnohumansseemedtohavesteppedon,fromwherehereachedGreenland.In1002,ErictheRed’ssonLeiffollowedBiarni’sdirectionsandsailedtowhatisbelievedtobethecoastofpresent-dayCanada.Hethensailed__38__(far)southtoanislandnowknownasNewfoundland.Weknowabouttheirdeedsthroughstorieswhich__39__(write)downcenturieslaterinNorwayandIceland.Theyarethefirst___40___(record)wehaveofEuropeanssailingtotheAmerica.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）应用文写作（满分15分)（2021·安徽淮南·一模）你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以我最喜欢的中国历史人物为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.该人物及其主要贡献简介；2.该人物对你的影响。注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文题目已为你写好。MyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)（2021·福建·厦门市松柏中学高三期中）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Formanyyears,Ihadarecurringdream.Iwasalittlegirlagain,rushingabout,tryingtogetreadyforschool.“Hurry,you'llbelateforschool,”mymothercalledtome.“Iamhurrying,Mom!WhatdidIdowithmybooks?”DeepinsideIknewwherethedreamcamefrom.Itwasaboutsomeunfinishedbusinessinmylife.Asakid,Ilovedeverythingaboutschool.Ilovedbooks,teachers,testsandhomework.MostofallIlongedtosomedaymarchdowntheaisletoreceivemydiploma.Thatseemedmoreappealingeventhangettingmarried.Butat15,Ihadtodropoutbecausemyparentscouldn'taffordtuition.Myhopeofgettingadiplomawasdead,orsoIthought.Prettysoon,Imarriedandhadthreechildren,andIthought:“Theregoesmydiploma.”Evenso,Iwantedmychildrentobeeducated.ButLinda,ouryoungestchild,hadjuvenilearthritisinherhandsandknees,whichmadeitimpossibleforhertofunctioninanormalclassroom.IfeltsorryforherandIdidn'twanthertoliveherlifewithregret.Ididn'tgiveuphopeofherbeingbacktoschoolinsomeway.Oneday,Isawanadinthenewspaperforeveningcourses.“That'stheanswer,”Isaidtomyself.Lindaalwaysfeelsbetterint