新版译林高中英语课件教案练习选择性必修三 Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites（B卷·提升能力）（解析版）

Unit4Protectingourheritagesites测试（B卷·提升能力）（时间：100分钟，满分：120分）第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2022·广东·金山中学高一期末）Beforewarandtimedestroymoreofourimportantculturalsites,weneedtosavethemin3-Ddigitallibraries.Across163differentcountries,1,000naturalandculturalhistoricplacesmakeupourmostprecioushumanheritage,whichUNESCOcallsWorldHeritageSites.Welosealittleofthatheritageeveryday.War,climatechangeandpollutionhaveabadeffect,asdowindandrain.The$4millionayearthatUNESCOspendsonpreservationisnotnearlyenoughtotakecareofeventhefourdozensitesconsideredatapproachingriskofbeinglostforever.Nowthere’sabetterchoice.Newdigital-conservationtechnologiesletusholdontothem,atleastvirtually(虚拟地),through3-Dscanning,modelinganddigitalstorage.Suchprojectscanbeaccomplished(完成)throughcooperationbetweengovernments,universities,industryandnon-profitorganizations.Tomakea3-Dmodel,alaser(激光)scannerbounceslightoffanobjectandrecordstheresults.Toreproduceeverycornerandopening,thescannercollectsoverlapping(重叠的)imagesfromallpossibleangles.Acomputerthensewsthemtogetherintoonelargesurfaceimageanddrawslinesfromonepointtoanothertocreateawire-framemodel.High-resolutiondigitalcamerasaddcolorandtexture.Whenfullyputtogether,themodelscanbeviewed,printedoroperated.Thesescansdomorethanpreserveamemoryinadatabase.Withhighlyaccuratemeasurements,archaeologists(考古学家)canfindhiddenpassagesorrevealancientengineeringtricks.Schoolkidscanexploreplacestheymightotherwiseneversee.Andwhenasiteisdestroyed,thescanscanevenbeusedtoreconstructwhatwasthere.ThathasalreadyhappenedforoneWorldHeritageSite,theKasubiTombsinUganda.Builtofwoodin1882,theyweredestroyedbyfirein2010andrebuiltin2014,basedinlargeparton3-Dmodelsmadein2009.Morethan100WorldHeritageSiteshavebeenalreadypreservedas3-Dmodels,andconservationistsareracingtorecordasmanymoreaspossible.1．Howdoestheauthorshowthenecessityfor3-Ddigitallibrariesinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Bylistingthethreatstoourhumanheritage.B．Byintroducingsomedamagedhistoricalsites.C．Byquotingsomeexperts’viewsonheritageprotection.D．ByexplainingUNESCO’sresearchonWorldHeritageSites.2．FromParagraph3welearnthat________.A．Thefunctionofalaserscanneristoaddcolorandtexturetotheimage.B．Thereflectionoflightoffanobjectisrecordedinacomputer.C．Theprocessofmakinga3-Dmodelissuccessfullycarriedoutwiththehelpofalaserscanner,acomputerandhigh-resolutiondigitalcameras.D．High-resolutiondigitalcamerasmakethemodelsviewable,printable,andoperable.3．WhatdoweknowabouttheKasubiTombsinUganda?A．Itismetal-framed.B．Itisstillinitsoriginalcondition.C．Itwasoncedestroyedinanearthquake.D．Itwasreconstructedthanksto3-Dmodels.4．Whatdoestheauthorintendtosaythroughthistext?A．Neverignorethedestructivepowerofwar.B．Takeactiontoreducepollutioninhistoricplaces.C．Takeadvantageof3-Dtechnologytokeephistory.D．InvestmoremoneytopreserveWorldHeritageSites.【答案】ACDC【分析】本文是一篇说明文。利用三维数字技术可以更好地保护世界历史文化遗产。1．推理判断题。通读第一二段尤其是根据第一段“Beforewarandtimedestroymoreofourimportantculturalsites,weneedtosavethemin3-Ddigitallibraries.(在战争和时间摧毁我们更多的重要文化遗址之前，我们需要将它们保存在三维数字图书馆中)”和第二段“Welosealittleofthatheritageeveryday.War,climatechangeandpollutionhaveabadeffect,asdowindandrain.(我们每天都会失去一点遗产。战争、气候变化和污染以及风雨都会产生不良影响)”可知，人类遗产面临战争、气候变化和污染等方面的巨大威胁，作者通过列举人类遗产面临的威胁来说明建立三维数字图书馆的必要性。因此，在前两段中，作者说明三维数字图书馆的必要性的方法是A项“Bylistingthethreatstoourhumanheritage.(通过列举人类遗产面临的威胁)”符合题意，故选A项。2．主旨大意题。通读第三段，尤其是根据“Tomakea3-Dmodel,alaser(激光)scannerbounceslightoffanobjectandrecordstheresults…Acomputerthensewsthemtogetherintoonelargesurfaceimageanddrawslinesfromonepointtoanothertocreateawire-framemodel…Whenfullyputtogether,themodelscanbeviewed,printedoroperated.(为了制作一个三维模型，激光扫描仪将光线反射到物体上并记录结果……然后计算机将它们缝合成一个大的表面图像，并从一个点到另一个点绘制线，以创建一个线框模型……当完全组合在一起时，可以查看、打印或操作这些模型)”可知，本段主要介绍三维模型的制作过程。因此，从第三段我们了解到是C项“Theprocessofmakinga3-Dmodelissuccessfullycarriedoutwiththehelpofalaserscanner,acomputerandhigh-resolutiondigitalcameras.(在激光扫描仪、计算机和高分辨率数码相机的帮助下，成功地完成了制作三维模型的过程)”符合题意，故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“ThathasalreadyhappenedforoneWorldHeritageSite,theKasubiTombsinUganda.Builtofwoodin1882,theyweredestroyedbyfirein2010andrebuiltin2014,basedinlargeparton3-Dmodelsmadein2009.(乌干达的卡苏比陵墓已经成为世界遗产。它们是1882年用木头建造的，2010年被大火烧毁，2014年重建，主要基于2009年制造的三维模型)”可知，乌干达的卡苏比陵墓的重建，主要基于2009年制造的三维模型。因此，我们对乌干达的卡苏比陵墓了解的是D项“Itwasreconstructedthanksto3-Dmodels.(多亏了三维模型，它才得以重建)”符合题意，故选D项。4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Beforewarandtimedestroymoreofourimportantculturalsites,weneedtosavethemin3-Ddigitallibraries.(在战争和时间摧毁我们更多的重要文化遗址之前，我们需要将它们保存在三维数字图书馆中)”可知，作者写本文是想呼吁利用三维技术重建文化遗产，留住历史。因此，作者打算通过本文说明C项“Takeadvantageof3-Dtechnologytokeephistory.(利用3D技术记录历史)”符合题意，故选C项。B（2022·重庆·高二期末）Chinesepeoplelovefoodmadeofflour,whetheritbedumplings,orflatbread.Inthehandsofsillartisans(手艺人),flourismadeintolovelymodelsofpeopleoranimalstobeenjoyedandplayedwith,whichbringsauniquekindofpleasure.Thisartformiscalleddoughfigurine(面塑).Amongthevariousatstylesofdoughfigurines,Beijing’sDoughFigurineLangisauniquefolkart,whichisfilledwiththerichhistoryandcustomsofthecapitalcity.TheirdelicateandlovelyhandicraftsarestorytellersofoldandnewBeijing.In2008,itwasincludedinthelistofnationalintangibleculturalheritage.ItwascreatedbyLangShao’an.Mostofthedoughfigurinesareanimalsandcharactersfromlegends,historicalstories,andlocaloperas.Thefinishedproductiseitherputattheendofathinstick,oronatablefordisplay.Somearemostlyforchildrentoeatorplaywith,withsimpleformsandvividdecorations,whilesomearedelicatepiecesofartworkfordisplayonly.Forthisreason,duringthemakingprocesstheyareoftenmixedwithadditives(添加剂)topreventthemfrombreakingup,beingeatenbyinsectsorgrowingmoldy.Overthecourseofhislongcareer,LangShao’andevelopedasetofsillfingerswithanelegantartisticsense.LangJiaziyu,bornin1995,isthethird-generationinheritorofDoughFigurineLang.Whenhewas15,hecreatedBeijingOlympicMascotshapeddoughfigurineswhichwerehighlypraised.Helooksabitmorefashionablethanotherfolkartisans.Inhisskilledhands,popcultureiconssuchasfiguresbasedonMarvelcomicscharactersandChinesemythologicalfigureNezhawithsmokymakeup,areresonatingwithyoungpeople.LikemostoftheotherintangibleculturalheritagehandicraftsinChina,DoughFigurineLangdoesnotgetasmuchattentionfromthepublic.Fewyoungpeoplearewillingtotakethetimetomasteraskillthatdoesnotmakemoney,whichhasledtoadeclineinthenumberofthosewhoaredevotedtothehandicraft.Goodhandicraftsneedthedevotionofartisansfromonegenerationtoanother.5．WhatisspecialaboutDoughFigurineLang?A．ItreflectsBeijing’sculture.B．Itiscreatedbymanyfamousartists.C．Itshowspeople’slifestylesandbeliefs.D．Itispopularwithbothtouristsandthelocals.6．Whydoartisansaddadditivestodoughfigurines?A．Tomakedoughfigurinestastegood.B．Tokeepcolorsbrighterandlastlonger.C．Tohelpshapedoughintovariousforms.D．Tobetterpreservethefinishedproducts.7．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Suggestionsforotherfolkartisans.B．Differentartstylesofdoughfigurines.C．LangJiaziyu’sachievementsasanartisan.D．Thepopularityofmoderndoughfigurines.8．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tocallonpeopletomasteraskill.B．Toappealtopeopletovaluethisfolkart.C．Toteachpeoplewaystoappreciatethehandicraft.D．Topersuadepeopletoprotectnationalculturalheritage.【答案】ADCB【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统民间艺术之一的面人郎的独特魅力和制作技艺，呼吁人们重视这项传统手工艺。5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Amongthevariousatstylesofdoughfigurines,Beijing’sDoughFigurineLangisauniquefolkart,whichisfilledwiththerichhistoryandcustomsofthecapitalcity.(在众多的面人风格中，北京面人郎是一种独特的民间艺术，它展现了首都丰富的历史和习俗)”可知，北京面人郎这项民间艺术反映了历史悠久的北京文化，故选A项。6．细节理解题。根据第二段“duringthemakingprocesstheyareoftenmixedwithadditives(添加剂)topreventthemfrombreakingup,beingeatenbyinsectsorgrowingmoldy.(在制作过程中它们常常与添加剂混合(添加剂),以防止它们破碎，被虫子吃掉或发霉的增长)”可知，制作面人时加入添加剂，是为了更好地保存它们。故选D项。7．段落大意题。根据第三段的“LangJiaziyu,bornin1995,isthethird-generationinheritorofDoughFigurineLang.Whenhewas15,hecreatedBeijingOlympicMascotshapeddoughfigurineswhichwerehighlypraised.(郎佳子彧，1995年生，面人郎的第三代传人。15岁时，他创作了北京奥运会吉祥物面塑，深受好评)”以及下文内容可知，第三段主要描述LangJiaziyu取得的艺术成就，故选C项。8．目的意图题。根据最后一段“Fewyoungpeoplearewillingtotakethetimetomasteraskillthatdoesnotmakemoney,whichhasledtoadeclineinthenumberofthosewhoaredevotedtothehandicraft.Goodhandicraftsneedthedevotionofartisansfromonegenerationtoanother.(很少有年轻人愿意花时间去掌握一项不赚钱的技能，这导致了从事这门手艺的人数下降。好的手工艺品需要一代又一代工匠的奉献)”可知，全文通过介绍面塑的制作和引人担忧的发展现状，呼吁广大读者重视面塑这项传统民间艺术，故选B项。C（2021·湖南·雅礼中学高二期中）AsmoreandmorepeoplespeakthegloballanguageofEnglish,Chinese,Spanish,andArabic,otherlanguagesarerapidlydisappearing.Infact,halfofthe6,000-7,000languagesspokenaroundtheworldtodaywillbelikelytodieoutbythenextcentury,accordingtheUnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization(UNESCO).Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations—UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem—haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.MarkTurin,ascientistattheMacmillanCenter,YaleUniversity,whospecializesinthelanguagesandoraltraditionsoftheHimalayas,isfollowinginthattradition.Hisrecentlypublishedbook,AGrammarofThangmiandTheirCulture,growsoutofhisexperienceliving,working,andraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.DocumentingtheThangmilanguageandcultureisjustastartingpointforTurin,whoseekstoincludeotherlanguagesandoraltraditionsacrosstheHimalayanreachesofIndia,Nepal,Bhutan,andChina.Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.AttheUniversityofCambridgeTurindiscoveredawealthofimportantmaterials—includingphotographs,films,taperecordings,andfieldnotes—whichhadremainedunstudiedandwerebadlyinneedofcareandprotection.Now,throughthetwoorganizationsthathehasfounded—theDigitalHimalayaProjectandtheWorldOralLiteratureProject—Turinhasstartedacampaigntomakesuchdocuments,foundinlibrariesandstoresaroundtheworld,availablenotjusttoschoolsbuttotheyoungergenerationsofcommunitiesfromwhomthematerialswereoriginallycollected.ThankstodigitaltechnologyandthewidelyavailableInternet,Turinnotes,theendangeredlanguagescanbesavedandreconnectedwithspeechcommunities.9．Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto________.A．promotegloballanguages B．rescuedisappearinglanguagesC．searchforlanguagescommunities D．setuplanguageresearchorganizations10．Whatdoes“thattradition”inParagraph3referto________.A．havingdetailedrecordsofthelanguages B．writingbooksonlanguageusersC．tellingstoriesaboutlanguagespeakers D．livingwiththenativespeakers11．WhatisTurin’sbookbasedon?A．TheculturalstudiesinIndia. B．ThedocumentsavailableatYale.C．HislanguageresearchinBhutan. D．HispersonalexperienceinNepal.12．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTurin’swork?A．Write,sellanddonate. B．Record,repairandreward.C．Collect,protectandreconnect. D．Design,experimentandreport.【答案】BADC【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。耶鲁大学的科学家MarkTurin专门研究喜马拉雅山的语言和口述传统，并他根据自己在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活经历写了一本书。他不只是满足把这些语言在灭绝前记录下来，他要把他们挽救下来，和现在的语言进行重新的连接。9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations-UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem–haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.(为了防止语言消失，包括联合国教科文组织和国家地理在内的一些组织的学者们多年来一直在记录正在消亡的语言及其所反映的文化)”可知，许多学者正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。故选B项。10．词句猜测题。根据第二段内容可知许多学者正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。由第三段“MarkTurin,ascientistattheMacmillanCenter,YaleUniversity,whospecializesinthelanguagesandoraltraditionsoftheHimalayas,isfollowinginthattradition.(耶鲁大学麦克米伦中心(MacmillanCenter)专门研究喜马拉雅山语言和口述传统的科学家MarkTurin遵循了这一传统)”可知，MarkTurin也参与到记录正在濒临消失的语言和文化的传统，挽救语言的行动中；结合第四段“Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.(但他并不满足于在这些声音消失之前就把它们录下来)”可知，他想要做更加详细的语言记录，所以“thattradition”指的是“详细的语言记录”，故选A项。11．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hisrecentlypublishedbook,AGrammarofThangmiwithanEthnolinguisticIntroductiontotheSpeakersandTheirCulture,growsoutofhisexperienceliving,lookingandraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.(他最近出版了一本名为《唐米语法》的书，书中用民族语言介绍了唐米人及其文化，这本书是基于他在尼泊尔一个村庄生活、观察和养家的经历写成的)”可知，他的书是根据他在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活经历写的。故选D项。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Generationsofcommunitiesfromwhomthematerialswereoriginallycollected.(最初收集这些材料的几代人的社区)”和“Turinnotes,theendangeredlanguagescanbesavedandreconnectedwithspeechcommunities.(Turin指出，这些濒临灭绝的语言可以被保存下来，并与语言社区重新建立联系)”可知，Turin的作品是从最初的材料上进行的收集，他的作品使濒临危险的语言得到了保护，并且与言语重新连接。因此对他的作品做好的描述是具有收集，保护和重新连接的作用。故选C项。D（2021·安徽省怀宁县第二中学高二期中）"ThefirefightersofParistoldmetheyareveryhopefulaboutsavingthenortherntower,"FrenchJuniorInteriorMinisterLaurentNunezsaidonTwitterlateMonday,addingthatthefirefightingeffortswouldcontinueforhours.TheNotreDameCathedral(巴黎圣母院)，oneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheFrenchcapital，wasengulfedinflamesMondayeveningasacatastrophicfiretorethroughthehistoricstructure，collapsingitsspireasfireofficialsracedtosavethemonumentfromtotaldestruction.Videoandphotospostedonsocialmediashowedflamesengulfingthecathedral,thusboththeceilingandthe90-meterspirecamecrashingdown.Thefirespreadtooneofthecathedral'stowers,butFrenchofficialssaidlateMondaythatfirefighterswereoptimistictheycouldsavebothtowers.FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronsaidanationalfundraisingcampaignwouldbelaunchedonTuesdayandcalledontheworld's"greatesttalents"toassistintheeffort."Wewillrebuild,Macrontoldreporters."WewillrebuildNotreDamebecausethisiswhattheFrenchexpect,becausethisiswhatourhistorydeserves.Officialssaidtherewerenodeathsinthefire.Jean-ClaudeGallet,chiefoftheParisianfiredepartment,saidonefirefighterwasinjuredwhilerespondingtotheflame.Two-thirdsofthecathedral'sroofwasdestroyed,Galletsaid.Thefirebrokeoutjustbeforep.m.minutesafterthecathedral,whichhasbeenpartlyrebuilt,closedtothepublic.Around30000peoplevisitthechurchdaily.DespiteitslonghistoryandmanytreasurestheCathedralneededthehelpofawritertobecometrulyfamous.VictorHugo's1831novel,TheHunchbackofNotre-Dame,presentedthebuildingtoawideaudienceofreaders.Thebook'suglyleadcharacter,Quasimodo,servesasasymbolforParisforgottenGothicarchitecture.Hugowrotethebooktoremindpeopleofit,withhopetheywouldworktoprotectthebeautifuloldbuildingsofParis.Thelossofculturalrelicswillnevercomeagainiftheyarelostonlyonce.Thisisapainfullossofworldcivilization.13．Thefollowingissuesarewronglystatedinthetextexcept________________.A．theNotreDameCathedralwastotallydestroyedB．firefighterswerepessimisticbecausetheycouldn'tsavebothtowersC．anationalfundraisingcampaignwouldbelaunchedtorebuildthecathedralD．theCathedralbecametrulyfamousforitslonghistoryandmanytreasures14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"engulfed"inParagraph2mean?A．Flooded. B．Swallowed.C．Disappeared. D．Constructed.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AfirebrokeoutintheNotreDameCathedralB．ThemysteryoftheNotreDameCathedralC．AnationalfundraisingcampaignD．TherebuildingoftheNotreDameCathedral【答案】CBA【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章报道了举世闻名的法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾的相关事宜。13．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronsaidanationalfundraisingcampaignwouldbelaunchedonTuesday”可知，法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙说,一个全国性的筹款活动将于周二发起，由此可知,为了重建巴黎圣母院，法国发起了一个全国性的筹款活动，故选C。14．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“inflamesMondayeveningasacatastrophicfiretorethroughthehistoricstructure”可知，一场灾难性的大火吞噬了这座历史建筑，此处是说巴黎圣母院的部分建筑也被大火吞没了，由此可知画线词词义为“吞没”,与B项意思相近，故选B。15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要报道了巴黎圣母院火灾的时间、损毁状况、解决措施等，所以A项（巴黎圣母院发生火灾）为本文的最佳标题，故选A。【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，对画线词上下文的理解是关键，例如本篇第2题，根据画线词后的“inflamesMondayeveningasacatastrophicfiretorethroughthehistoricstructure”可知，一场灾难性的大火吞噬了这座历史建筑，此处是说巴黎圣母院的部分建筑也被大火吞没了，特别是“inflames”表明画线词词义为“吞没”。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2021·四川·威远中学校高二期中）The24solarterms(节气)arepartofthetraditionalChinesecalendar.TheChinesepeopledividedayearinto24segments(片段)basedonthesun’spositioninthezodiac(黄道十二宫)._____16_____Theyreflectthechangesoftheseasons,climateandphenology(生物气候学).TheYellowRiverBasininnorthernChinaisbelievedtobethecradle(摇篮)ofthesolartermssystem._____17_____Theymarkthingslikeseasons,temperature,precipitation(降水),growthofthecropsandweatherconditions.Manyfarmersstillrelyonthesolartermstoworkinthefields.Mostofthesolartermsbearwiththemrichsocialandculturalmeanings._____18_____The“PureBrightness”isalsoreferredtoasTomb-SweepingDay,whenpeoplepayrespecttothosetheyhavelost.Theancientcalendarremainsrelevanttothisday._____19_____TheculturallegacyreflectstheChinesepeople’srespectfornatureandtradition,theiruniqueunderstandingoftheuniverse,theirwisdomtoliveinharmonywithnatureandtheworld’sculturaldiversity,saidZhangLing,anofficialwiththeMinistryofCulturein2017.ItistheyouthofChinawhocanbesthelpcarryonthissignificantpartofourculture._____20_____Manyyoungpeoplehavealreadybeencontributingtheirenergyandstrengthtothisfeat.Infact,theyhavebeenlivinguptothischallengethroughratherartisticmeans.Manyphotos,essaysandpaintingshavecenteredaroundthethemeofthe24solartermsandexpressedthevitalityandrichtraditionofChinesehistory.A．Eachsegmentiscalledasolarterm.B．Forinstance,duringthe“StartofWinter”,peopleeatdumplings.C．Thesun’spositionsbringaboutmanythingsrelatedtohumanlife.D．Theirwisdomforlifeandnaturemadethesolartermssystempopulartoday.E．Theircreativityandconsciousnesscanbringnewlifetoancientculture.F．Solartermswereinstructionsforagriculturalproductionandpeople’sdailylives.G．ThishaslongbeenacentralelementoflifeinChina,andwemustprotectit.【答案】AFBGE【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代的二十四节气是如何产生的。二十四节气到现在依然在被广泛运用，这也代表了中国人们对古代文化遗产的尊重。二十四节气也将被中国的青年一代传承下去。16．上文“TheChinesepeopledividedayearinto24segmentsbasedonthesun’spositioninthezodiac.(中国人民基于太阳在黄道十二宫的不同位置，把一年分为了24个部分)”说明了二十四部分是根据什么划分的，设空处承上启下，下文“Theyreflectthechangesoftheseasons,climateandphenology.(它们反映了季节，气候和生物气候学所产生的变化)”指出二十四节气反映了什么。A项“每一个部分叫做一个节气。”指出了这二十四部分和二十四节气的关系，且A项中的“segment”与上文一致。故选A项。17．下文“Theymarkthingslikeseasons,temperature,precipitation(降水),growthofthecropsandweatherconditions.Manyfarmersstillrelyonthesolartermstoworkinthefields.(它们可以标记季节、温度、降水、庄稼的生长和天气状况。许多农民仍然依靠节气在地里干活)”说明了节气对于农民和人民日常生活的重要性。F项“节气指导着农业生产和人们的日常生活。”引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。18．上文“Mostofthesolartermsbearwiththemrichsocialandculturalmeanings.(大多数节气都具有丰富的社会文化意义)”指出，大部分节气都有丰富的社会意义和文化意义，下文“The“PureBrightness”isalsoreferredtoasTomb-SweepingDay,whenpeoplepayrespecttothosetheyhavelost.(“清明节”也被称为扫墓节，人们在这一天向逝者表示缅怀)”举例说明了清明节的社会文化意义。B项“例如，在节气“冬至”期间，人们要吃饺子。”举例说明了冬至的习俗，与下文构成并列关系。故选B项。19．上文“Theancientcalendarremainsrelevanttothisday.(古代历法至今仍然适用)”说明二十四节气在今天依然重要。设空处承上启下，下文“TheculturallegacyreflectstheChinesepeople’srespectfornatureandtradition,theiruniqueunderstandingoftheuniverse,theirwisdomtoliveinharmonywithnatureandtheworld’sculturaldiversity(这个文化遗产反映了中国人民对自然和传统、对宇宙的独特理解、他们与自然和谐相处的智慧以及对世界文化的多样性的尊重)”指出了二十四节气的重要意义。G项“长期以来，这一直是中国生活的核心要素，我们必须保护它。”符合文意，由于上下文所提及的二十四节气的重要性，所以必须保护它。故选G项。20．通过上文“ItistheyouthofChinawhocanbesthelpcarryonthissignificantpartofourculture.(正是中国的年轻人,能最好地传承我们文化中的这一重要组成部分)”以及下文“Manyyoungpeoplehavealreadybeencontributingtheirenergyandstrengthtothisfeat.(许多年轻人已经在这个事业上贡献出他们的精力和力量了)”可知，中国年轻人能更好地传承二十四节气这一文化遗产，并且有许多年轻人已经为之付出努力了。E项“他们的创造力和意识可以给古代文化遗产带来新的生命。”符合文意，承上启下。故选E项。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2021·上海市松江一中高二期中）Archaeologistsarescientistswhosearchforcluesthathelpformaclearerpictureofthelivespeopleledinthepast.Archaeologyisamodernscience,butithasbeen____21____forcenturies.Morethan2,400yearsago,theGreekhistorianHerodotusdescribedtheEgyptianpyramidsandothermonuments.Hemayhavebeenthefirstwritertoconsiderthatremainsand____22____couldprovideinformationfor____23____generations.Formorethanathousandyears,however,such____24____wereobserversratherthanresearchers.Inthe1700s,scientistsandadventurersfromavarietyofcountriestraveled____25____toexploreancientssites.Digsthatarestill____26____beganin1709atHerculaneum,anItaliancityburiedinashduringtheexplosionofMountVesuviusinA．D．79.TheDanishscholarTheDanishscholarCarstenNiebuhrvisitedtheruinsofPersepolisintheMiddleEastin1754tostudycuneiformwriting(楔形文字).____27____,archaeologydidn’tbecomeawidelyrecognizedscienceandschooldidn’trecognizethesubjectasascholarlypursuituntilthe19thcentury.Thetermitselfwas____28____in1837.ItcomesfromaLatinwordmeaning“thestudyofantiques(古物)”.OneofthefirstarchaeologiststouseascientificapproachtothedisciplinewasHeinrichSchliemannofGermany，whointhelate1800s____29____theancientcivilizationofthecityofTroy.Today，archaeologistsuncoverthepastinmanydifferent____30____,includingdesertsandjungles，atsitescalleddigs.Ancientsources,folktales,andlandscapefeaturescansuggestwherearchaeologistsshouldlook.Surveysofthelandhelpthemchoosesites____31____toprovideartifacts,theobjectsthatwillunlockthestoryofaparticularpeople—theirdailylives,theirbeliefs,andtheirtiestoothercultures.Asite,however,doesnothavetobeoldtobeinterestingtoanarchaeologist.Someprefertostudymore____32____settlements.Onescientist,forinstance,studiescoalminingcampsinCaliforniabyexaminingthegarbagethatminers____33____.Archaeologistsmayworkforuniversities,museumsorgovernments,andsomeofthemareinvolvedineducatingthepublicabout____34____ancientsites.Artifacthunterswhoare____35____historyrobtheseplacesandsellwhattheyfindforafewdollarstoimmoraldealersinantiquities.21．A．advancing B．changing C．digging D．evolving22．A．books B．history C．ruins D．science23．A．lost B．later C．older D．several24．A．inventors B．scholars C．visitors D．writers25．A．extensively B．nationwide C．regularly D．together26．A．inprogress B．ingoodcondition C．ondisplay D．outofcontrol27．A．Besides B．However C．Instead D．Meanwhile28．A．coined B．considered C．recognized D．used29．A．created B．developed C．established D．investigated30．A．countries B．fields C．locations D．ways31．A．certain B．likely C．ready D．necessary32．A．honorable B．peaceful C．rural D．recent33．A．gaveaway B．gaveoff C．leftbehind D．leftout34．A．choosing B．examining C．studying D．protecting35．A．awareof B．fedupwith C．ignorantof D．familiarwith【答案】DCBBAABADCBDCDC【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了考古学的发展以及考古学家们的工作内容。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考古学是一门现代科学，但它已经发展了几个世纪。A.advancing前进；B.changing改变；C.digging挖掘；D.evolving发展，进化。结合后文“forcenturies”指考古学已经发展了几个世纪，应用evolve。故选D。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他可能是第一个认为遗迹和废墟可以为后人提供信息的作家。A.books书籍；B.history历史；C.ruins废墟；D.science科学。根据上文“remainsand”以及常识，考古学主要是研究遗迹和废墟，即遗迹和废墟可以为后人提供信息。故选C。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他可能是第一个认为遗迹和废墟可以为后人提供信息的作家。A.lost迷路的；B.later较晚的；C.older年长的；D.several几个。根据后文“generations”可知，考古学主要是研究以前遗迹和废墟，来为后人提供信息。故选B。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一千多年来，这些学者都是观察者而不是研究者。A.inventors发明家；B.scholars学者；C.visitors游客；D.writers作者。根据上文“theGreekhistorianHerodotus”和后文“wereobserversratherthanresearchers”可知，此处指研究遗迹和废墟的学者，在一千多年的时间里都只是观察者，而不是研究者。故选B。25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在18世纪，来自不同国家的科学家和冒险家进行了大量的旅行，以探索古代遗迹。A.extensively广泛地；B.nationwide全国性的；C.regularly定期地；D.together一起。根据本处“scientistsandadventurersfromavarietyofcountriestraveledtoexploreancientssites”和常识可知，要找到古代遗迹，需要广泛地旅行探索。故选A。26．考查固定短语辨析。句意：赫库兰尼姆的挖掘工作始于1709年，在公元79年维苏威火山爆发期间，这座意大利城市被火山灰掩埋，目前仍在进行中。A.inprogress正在进行；B.ingoodcondition状况良好；C.ondisplay在展出；D.outofcontrol失控。根据上文“Digsthatarestill”可知，赫库兰尼姆的挖掘工作目前仍在进行中。故选A。27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，考古学并没有成为一门被广泛认可的科学，直到19世纪学校才将其作为一种学术追求。A.Besides此外；B.However然而；C.Instead相反；D.Meanwhile同时。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选B。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个词是在1837年创造的。A.coined创造；B.considered考虑；C.recognized识别；D.used使用。根据上文“Thetermitselfwas”和下文“ItcomesfromaLatinwordmeaning“thestudyofantiques(古物)””可知，archaeology这个词来自一个拉丁词，意思是“古董研究”，说明“archaeology”这个词是被创造出来的，应用coin表示“创造新词”。故选A。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：德国的海因里希·施利曼是最早使用科学方法研究这一学科的考古学家之一，他在19世纪末调查了特洛伊城的古代文明。A.created创造；B.developed发展；C.established建立；D.investigated调查。根据后文“theancientcivilizationofthecityofTroy”和“Surveysoftheland”可知，此处指海因里希·施利曼在19世纪末调查了特洛伊城的古代文明。故选D。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，考古学家们在许多不同的地方发现了过去的历史，包括沙漠和丛林，这些地方被称为挖掘点。A.countries国家；B.fields领域；C.locations位置；D.ways方法。根据后文“includingdesertsandjungles”指在不同的地方发现过去的历史。故选C。31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对这片土地的调查帮助他们选择可能提供史前器物的地点，这些物品将揭示一个特定民族的故事——他们的日常生活、他们的信仰以及他们与其他文化的联系。A.certain必然的；B.likely可能的；C.ready准备好的；D.necessary必要的。根据前文“Surveysoftheland”和后文“toprovideartifacts”可知，对考古地点调查是为了找到遗迹，此处指找到可能提供文物的地点。故选B。32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人更喜欢研究最近时期的定居点。A.honorable光荣的；B.peaceful和平的；C.rural农村的；D.recent最近的。根据上文“Asite,however,doesnothavetobeoldtobeinterestingtoanarchaeologist.”可知，考古学家感兴趣的遗址并不一定是古老的，说明有些人更喜欢研究最近时期的定居点。故选D。33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，一位科学家通过检查矿工留下的垃圾来研究加州的煤矿营地。A.gaveaway赠送；B.gaveoff发出；C.leftbehind留下；D.leftout忽视。根据上文“thegarbagethatminers”可知，此处指旷工留下的垃圾。故选C。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考古学家可能为大学、博物馆或政府工作，他们中的一些人从事教育公众关于保护古代遗址的工作。A.choosing选择；B.examining检查；C.studying学习；D.protecting保护。根据前文“some