大学英语教案 Unit46

Unit6SectionA

I.BackgroundKnowledge

ChryslerCorporation

TheChryslerCorporation,foundedin1924,usedtobeoneofthethreelargestAmerican

automobilemanufacturerswhosebrandsincludebothpassengerandcommercialvehiclessuchas

Chrysler,Jeep®andDodge.TheothertwolargestAmericanautomobilemanufacturersare

GeneralMotorsandFord.Inadditiontoautomaking,Chryslerisalsoengagedinfinancial

services,providingloanservices(mostly)tocarbuyers.In1998itmergedwithDaimler-BenzAG

(ofGermany)(bestknownforitsMercedes-Benzbrandname)tobecomepartofthe

Daimlei*ChryslerCorporation,whichisjointlyownedbyEuropean,U.S.andotherinternational

investors.

U.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)

AU.S.governmentagency,whosemissionistoprotectinvestorsandmaintaintheintegrity

ofthesecuritiesmarkets.TheCommissionwassetupbytheU.S.Congressin1933inresponseto

“BlackMonday"，theGreatStockMarketCrashof1929.Itspurposewastorestoreinvestor

confidenceintheU.S.capitalmarketsbyprovidingmorestructureandgovernmentoversight.Itis

basedontheconceptthatallinvestors,whetherlargeinstitutionsorprivateindividuals,should

haveaccesstocertainbasicfactsaboutaninvestmentpriortobuyingit.Toachievethis,theSEC

requirespubliccompaniestodisclosemeaningfulfinancialandotherinformationtothepublic,

whichprovidesacommonpoolofknowledgeforallinvestorstousetojudgeforthemselvesifa

company'ssecuritiesareagoodinvestment.Itisbelievedthatonlythroughthesteadyflowof

timely,comprehensiveandaccurateinformationcanpeoplemakesoundinvestmentdecisions.At

presenttheSECiscomprisedoffivepresidentially-appointedCommissioners,fourDivisionsand

18Offices,withatotalofabout3,100staff.

TheInternationalChamberofCommerce

TheaimoftheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC),foundedin1919,istoserve

worldbusinessbypromotingtradeandinvestment,openmarketsforgoodsandservices,andthe

freeflowofcapital.Itsactivitiescoverabroadspectrum,fromarbitrationanddisputeresolutionto

makingthecaseforopentradeandthemarketeconomysystem,businessself-regulation,fighting

corruptionorcombatingcommercialcrime.TheICCismadeofaWorldCouncil(itsgoverning

body)andindividualnationalcommitteesandgroups.Individualcompanies,corporations,

professionalassociationsaswellasindividualscanalsojointheICCasindividualmembers.

ILTextAnalysis

Thepassageisbroadlyputintothreeparts:briberyhasbecomeacommonoccurrencein

manycountries,threemaincategoriesofbribery,andtheeffortstobanbriberyandtheresult.The

wholepassageisorganizedinproblem-solutionpattern.Inthefirstpart,thephenomenon(the

problem)isdescribed;inthesecond,thequestionablepaymentsareanalyzed;andinthethird,the

effortsforsolutionandtheresultarepresented.

Theillustrationoftheproblem(Paras.1-4)

Theanalysisoftheproblem(Paras.5-8)

Thesolutionoftheproblem(Paras.9-11)

1Thefirstpartconsistsof4paragraphs,fromParagraph1toParagraph4,concentratingonthe

pointofviewthatbriberyisacommonoccurrenceinmanycountries,Theauthorpresentshis

viewpointinParagraph1thatbriberyinvariousformsisontheincreaseinmanycountriesandin

somecountries,ithasbeenawayoflifeforcenturies.Theauthorcontinuestosupporthis

viewpointfromParagraph2toParagraph4.paragraph2establishesasuppositionwithanexample:

Whatifduringanegationtheothersideasksforabribe?Doyoupayuporstandbyyour

principles?Paragraph3answersthequestioninParagraph2withanexampleshowingthat

stickingtohighmoralstandardsiseasiersaidthandone.Inaverycompetitivebusinessifwe

didn'tbribetokeepourbuyershappy,someoneelsewould.Thentheauthorcomestoaconclusion

withanexample:briberyisontheincreaseandhasbecomeafactofcommerciallife.Thelast

sentenceofParagraph4isatransitionalsentencewhichtellsthatinthefollowingparttheauthor

istopresentusthreecategoriesofquestionablepaymentsorbribes.

2ThesecondpartfromParagraph5toParagraph8,4Paragraphsinall,focusesonthethree

categoriesofbribery.Inthisparttherearealotofexamplestosupporttheauthor'spoints.In

Paragraph5and6,theauthorpresentsthefirstcategoryofbribery;substantialpaymentsmadefor

politicalpurposesortosecuremajorcontracts.Paragraph7dealswiththesecondcategoryof

bribery:paymentsmadetoobtainquickerofficialapprovalofsomeprojects,tospeedupthe

wheelsofgovernment,paragraph8isaboutthethirdcategoryofbribery;paymentsmadeto

peoplewhohelpwiththepassageofabusinessdeal.

3thethirdpartismadeupofthelast3paragraphs,fromparagraph9toparagraph11,which

areabouttheeffortstoprohibitbribery.paragraph9isabouttheeffectsbytheinternational

ChamberofCommerce(ICC)tosetupacodeofconductthatwouldbanthegivingandseekingof

bribes.Andacouncilhasbeenproposedtomanagethecode,paragraph10tellsusthatthecouncil

hasmetdifficultsincarryingoutthecodeasopinionsdifferamongmembersoftheICC

concerninghowtoenforcethecode,paragraph11quotedfromafamousBritishnewspaperthat

businessiscaughtinawebofbribery.Itishardtosquarethebusinessinterestswithmoral

conscience.Thelastparagraphalsoimpliesaconclusionforthewholereadingpassage;bribery

seemsinevitable.

III.LanguagePoints

1....ontheincrease(becomemorefrequentorgreaterinnumberorintensity)在增长中

Eg;thatbriberyinvariousformsisontheincrease(L.3)

形形色色的贿赂行为正日益增多

Drugsmugglingwasontheincrease,

毒品走私一直在增长。

One'sstrengthofcharacterisnotnecessarilyontheincreasealongwiththegrowthof

hisage.一个人的骨气不一定会随着年龄的增长而增长。

2.tomakeitcleartosb.that...(sayclearlytosbthat...)明确向某人表示；明确告知某人

Eg;theMinisterofTrademakesitcleartoyouthatifyouofferhimasubstantialbribe,...(L.6)

贸易部长向你明确表示如果能给他一大笔贿赂。。。。

MothermakesitcleartomethatIcan'tplayifIdon'tfinishmyhomework

妈妈向我明确表示如不做完作业我是不能玩的。

TheimmenseinfluenceofITonoursocietymakesitclearthatwearelivinginthe

InformationAge.

信息技术对社会的巨大影响表明我们正生活在信息时代。

3.tostandbyone'sprinciples(L.8)坚持原则

standby

1)stillbelieveoragreewithsthsaid,decidedoragreedearlier

Shestillstandsbyeverywordshesaid

她仍然信守自己所说的每一句话

Itbringsonetrustandrespectfromotherstopracticehonestyandstandbyhispromises.

为人诚实、信守诺言会赢得别人的信任与尊重

2)helpsb.orbefriendswiththem,evenindifficultsituations

Iwouldn'lbreakalawforafriend,butIwouldstandbyherifneedbe

我不会为了朋友犯法，但如果需要的话，我会支持她的

3)Bepresentwhilesthbadishappeningbutnotdoanythingtostopit

Howcanyoustandbyandseehimrobbingtheoldman?

看着他抢劫那个老人，你怎能袖手旁观？

4)bereadyforaction

Thetroopsarestandingby.

部队正严阵以待。。

4.tohavehighmoralstandards(L.9)有高尚的道德标准

Itiseasytotalkabouthavinghighmoralatandardsbut,inpractice,Whatwouldonereallydoin

suchasituation?

高尚的道德标准说起来容易，但实际上人们在这种情况下究竟会怎样做呢

Thecollegelifeshouldbecenteredaroundraisingstudents'academicandmoralstandards.

大学生活应以提高学生的学术和道德水平为中心。

5.inprivate(withnobodyelsepresent,secretly)私下里；秘密地；在私生活里；在家里

...inBritainwhowerepreparedtosayinprivate(L.15)

在英国有人私下里说。。。

Ahomeisaplaceforrelaxinginprivate.

家是私下放松的地方

Heisagentlemanofrefinementinpublicbutamanofeasyvirtueinprivate.

在公开场合他是个彬彬有礼的绅士，但在私下里却是个放荡不羁的人。

反意词inpublic类似的短语inpracticeetc.(para3)

6.为方便讨论起见/为了政治目的

fordiscussion/politicalpurposes(L.30/32)

一个社会再自由开放也决不容许一些人为了险恶目的而胡作非为。

Asociety,nomatterhowfreeandopenitis,neverallowssomepeopletocommitallkindsof

outragesforevilpurposes.

7.正在调查中

underinvestigation(L.34)

正在对911袭击前后的情报工作进行全面的司法调查。

Afull-scalejudicialinvestigationisunderwayintotheintelligenceworkaroundthe11September

attack.

8.因可能触犯商业法规

forpossibleviolationsofbusinesslaws(L.35)

微软公司被指控违反反垄断法。

TheMicrosoftCorporationwaschargedwithviolationsofanti-monopolylaws.

9.资助某人做某事

tofinancesb.'seffortstodosth.(L.36)

他们正同心协力去创造航天技术的新奇迹。

Theyarecombiningtheireffortstoworknewwondersinspacetechnology.

10.得到主要建筑合同

tosecuremajorconstructioncontracts(L.38)

“吃一堑，长一智”的格言就是提醒你防止犯同样的错误。

Theproverb“afallintothepit,againinyourwit“remindsyoutosecureyourselffroma

repetitionofthesamemistakes.

11.给……施加压力/过分强调……

toputpressure/unduestresson...(L.41)

过分强调书本知识会削弱学生创造性思维的热情。

Puttingunduestressonbookknowledgewillweakenstudents5enthusiasmforcreativethinking.

12.向某人捐款/汇款

tomakedonations/paymentstosb.(L.42)

我们的钱应捐给那些受贫穷所困却很有天赋的孩子们。

Ourdonationsshouldbemadetothose(whoare)stuckinpovertybutendowedwithtalents.

13.加快……的速度

tospeedupthewheels/progressof...(L.44)

加快教育改革速度的关键是更新教育理念。

Thekeytospeedingupthewheelsofeducationalreformistorenewconceptionsofeducation.

14.想出了办法

tohitupon/ontheanswer/solution(L.47)

他突发奇想：裸跑能使他成为公众关注的焦点。

Hehituponastrangeideathathecouldbecomethefocusofthepublicattentionbyrunninginthe

nude.

15.暗中将某物塞入……

toslipsth.into/within...(L.47)

上课的时候，她悄悄塞到他手里一张纸条，上面写着：“老地方见，不见不散。”

Whileinclass,sheslippedintohishandapieceofpaperonwhichshewrote,"Let'smeetatthe

sameoldplaceandnotleavewithoutseeingeachother.”

16.属于此类

tobeincludedonthislist(L.55)

你要么划为清官，要么划为贪官。没有中间地带。

Youareeitherincludedonthelistofthehonestofficialsoronthelistofthecorruptofficials.

Thereisnomiddlepoint.

17.设计一套法规

todeviseacodeofrules(L.56)

社会道德准则是根据一个社会对于正确与错误行为所持的观念制定的。

Acodeofsocialmoralityisestablishedinaccordancewiththenotionsofrightandwrongconduct

heldbyasociety.

18.禁止各种类型的贿赂

toprohibitbriberyinvariousforms/inallitsforms(L.3/56)

我们的当务之急是如何防止各种类型的智能犯罪。

Themostpressingforusnowishowtopreventintellectualcrimeinallitsforms.

19.达到；等于；实际上是

toamountto(L.59)

如果一位女士对你说：“再说吧J,那就等于拒绝了你。

Ifaladysaystoyou,"Let'stalkaboutitlater.^^,thatamountstoherrefusal.

20.既确保自己的利益，又无愧道德良心

tosquareone'sinterestswithhismoralconscience(L.68)

为人不做亏心事，夜半敲门心不惊。

Onewhoalwayssquareshisactswithhismoralconscienceneverfearsmidnightknocksathis

door.

原句：Studentstakingbusinesscoursesaresometimesalittlesurprisedtofindthatclasseson

businessethicshavebeenincludedintheirschedule.(L.1)

IV.Writing

Briberyisacommonoccurrenceinmanycountries.Thephenomenonisintroducedby

“classesonbusinessethics”,andexemplifiedbytwoexamples:aBritishcarmanufacturerandthe

ChryslerCorporation.

Questionablepaymentscanbedividedintothreecategories:1.Thoseforpoliticalpurposesorto

securemajorcontracts;2.Thoseforobtainingquickerofficialapprovalofsomeproject;3.Those

forhelpwiththepassageofabusinessdeal.

ICCistosetupacodeofconductthatwouldbanthegivingandseekingofbribes.Andacouncil

hasbeenproposedtomanagethecode.However,opinionsdifferamongthemembersofICC.

Briberyseemsinevitable.

Devicesfordevelopingit?

Briberyandotherquestionablepaymentsareontheincreaseinmanycountries.Theyseemtobe

basednotonlackofbusinessethicsbutonbusinessinterests.

Exemplification(举例法)

Exemplificationisemployedinthethirdandtheforthparagraphtomaketheauthor'sviewpoint

convincing.

Theauthor'sviewpointinPara.3:Stickingtohighmoralstandardsiseasiersaidthandone.

Theexampleinsupport:ABritishcarmanufacturerwasaccusedofoperatingafundtopay

bribesandofotherquestionablepractices;

Peopleinthemotorindustryheldthatiftheydidn'tbribetokeepthebuyershappy,someoneelse

would.

Theauthor'sviewpointinPara.4:Briberyandotherquestionablepaymentsareontheincrease.

Theexamplesinsupport:TheChryslerCorporationrevealedthatitmadequestionable

paymentsofmorethan$2.5millionbetween1971and1976.

ThreehundredotherU.S.companieshadadmittedthattheyhadmadepaymentsofonekindor

anotherinrecentyears.

Listing(列举法)

Mainidea?

Devicesfordevelopingit?

Thequestionablepaymentsaredividedintothreecategories:paymentsmadeforpoliticalpurposes

ortosecuremajorcontracts;toobtainquickerofficialapproval;andmadetopeoplewhohelpwith

thepassageofabusinessdeal.

Listingisemployedinthisparttolistthreecategoriesofquestionablepayments.

Para.5Thefirstcategoryconsistsof...

Para.7Thesecondcategorycovers...

Para.8Thethirdcategoryinvolves...

Deduction(演绎法)

Mainidea?

Devicesfordevelopingit?

Tobanbribery,acodeofconductisfavoredbyICC,andevenacouncilwasproposedtomanage

it.But,itsmembersareofdifferentopinions.Anyway,briberyseemsinevitable.

Inthispart,deductionisemployedtoshowthatmembersofICChavedifferentideasastothe

enforcementofthecode.

Generalstatement:Unfortunately,opinionsdifferamongmembersoftheICCconcerninghowto

enforcethecode.(L.61)

Specificdescriptions:TheBritishmemberswouldlikethesystemtohaveenoughlegalpowerto

makecompaniesbehavethemselves.However,theFrenchdelegatesthinkitisthebusinessof

governmentstomakeandimposelaw....

Examplewriting

Normallytherearethreekindsofpeoplewhochoosetolivealoneonpurpose.Thefirstgroup

ofpeopleisartists.Theybelieveintheinspirationinsolitude.Oneofmyfriendsisawriter.He

enjoysthetimewhenheisalone.Hecanstayuplatetoreadand,aboveall.,concentrateonhis

writingwithoutfearofbeinginterruptedbyothers.OnhiswallhepostsaquotationfromThoreau;

“Ineverfoundthecompanionthatwascompanionableassolilude."Thesecondgroupofpeople

ishunters,whoprefertolivebythemselves.Huntersareafraidthattoomanypeoplewillfrighten

awaytheirprey.Thethirdgroupconsistsofpeoplewhoaredisappointedfromtheirmarriageor

familylife.Oncethenewspaperreportedastoryaboutawomanwhohasbeenlivingalonesince

herhusbandleftherfiveyearsagoforsomebettereconomicopportunities.Sheisnotwaitingfor

hisreturnbutsheisjustdisappointedinlife.

SectionB

I.ReadingSkills

Readingbetweenthelinesmeansdrawinginferencesabouttheauthor'smeanings,ideas,

purposes,intentionsorconclusions.Makinginferencesreliesonthecontextclues,logicalthinking,

commonsenseandsometimesourknowledgeoftheworldandonwhatiswrittenorwhatisnot

written.

I.ReadingSkills:ReadingBetweentheLines(Review)

HerearesomemoreexamplesfrompassageA,Unit6.Pleasereadtheparagraphsandanswerthe

questionsthatfollow,tryingtofindoutthemeaningimpliedbetweenthelines.

Example1:

Studentstakingbusinesscoursesaresometimesalittlesurprisedtofindthatclasseson

businessethicshavebeenincludedintheirschedule.Theyoftendonotrealizethatbriberyin

variousformsisontheincreaseinmanycountriesand,insome,hasbeenawayoflifefor

centuries.(Para.1,PassageA,Unit6)

Question:Whatcanaccountforthestudents9surprisewhenfindingthatclassesonbusinessethics

havebeenincludedintheirschedule?

Possibleanswer:Thestudentsareinnocentandinexperiencedandtheydon'texpectbribery

andsimilaractivitiestobecommoninbusiness.

I.ReadingSkills:ReadingBetweentheLines(Review)

Example2:

Itiseasytotalkabouthavinghighmoralstandardsbut,inpractice,whatwouldonereally

doinsuchasituation?SometimeagoaBritishcarmanufacturerwasaccusedofoperatingafund

topaybribes,andofotherquestionablepracticessuchaspayingagentsandpurchasersan

exaggeratedcommission,offeringadditionaldiscounts,andmakingpaymentstonumberedbank

accountsinSwitzerland,(tobecontinued)oThecompanyrejectedthesechargesandtheywere

laterwithdrawn.Nevertheless,atthattime,therewerepeopleinthemotorindustryinBritainwho

werepreparedtosayinprivate:"Look,we'reinaverycompetitivebusiness.Everyyearwe're

sellingmorethana$1,000millionworthofcarsabroad.Ifwespendafewmillionpoundstokeep

someofthebuyershappy,who'shurt?Ifwedidn'tdoit,someoneelsewould.^^(Para.3,Passage

A,Unit6)

Question:WhatisimpliedinParagraph3,ReadingpassageA?

Possibleanswer:Inahighlycompetitivebusinessworld,keepinghighmoralstandards

issomethingeasiersaidthandone,一briberyisinevitable.

I.ReadingSkills:ReadingBetweentheLines(Review)

Example3:

Inawell-knownBritishnewspaper,awriterarguedrecentlythat“industryiscaughtina

webofbribery,,andthateveryoneis“onthetake.^^Thisisprobablyanexaggeration.However,

today'sbusinessman,sellinginoverseasmarkets,willfrequentlymeetsituationswhereitis

difficulttosquarehisbusinessinterestswithhismoralconscience.(Para.11,PassageA,Unit6)

Question:Whatdoes"businessinterests,,imply?

Possibleanswer:''Businessinterests^^hereimpliesmakingprofits.

ILTextAnalysis

Part1(para1-3)topicintroductionbythejournalists?experienceonthepracticerangeto

putforwardthepointofthepassage;whethermorepoliceshouldbearmedwithguns

Part2(para4—13)byexamplestoshowtotheaudienceswhatmeasuresshouldbetaken.

Part3(para14—15)Thebiggestthreatistheincreaseinthetasksweexpectthepoliceto

carryout.

III.LanguagePoints

1Thebiggestthreadtotheroleofpoliceofficers

threatto(Sb/sth)对…构成了威胁。

eg他不害怕，因为你对他不构成威胁

Heisnotafraidbecauseyourepresentnothreattohim.

一些人认为机器是对他们工作的一种城胁。

Somepeoplethinkthatmachineryisathreattotheirjobs.

2...onthepracticerange...anareawherepeoplecanpracticeshooting在射击场

eg战士们在那里的射击场上

Thesoldierswerethereonthepracticerange.

“ariflerange”步枪靶场/t6ashootingrangev射击场

3oosomeoftheproblemswhichactuallycropup..

cropup;appearorhappenunexpectedly突然发生或者出现

eg确实，一个需要引起立即注意的重要问题突然发生了。

Itwastruethatamajorproblemhadjustcroppedupwhichdemandedimmediateattention..

如果某些批评一直在出现，你就必须决定是纠正这些问题，还是尝试一些新的东西。

Ifcertaincriticismshavecroppedupconsistently,youmustdecideeithertocorrectthese

problemsortotrysomethingnew.

4oovideosareplayedwhereactorsactoutvarioustypesofsituations.

Actout;copytheactionswhichtookplaceandmakethemintoaplay表演，演绎

.eg当玛丽绘声绘色地描述那件事时,我们哄然大笑起来。

WeroaredwhenMaryactedouttheepisode.

他们把这次抢劫案从头到尾地扮演了一遍，这样向警察叙述时就能叙述得详详细细。

Theyactedouttherobberyinfullsothatwhenitcametodescribingittothepolice,they

wouldbeabletodescribeitinperfectdetail.

5Iamafraidwekilledmanyaninnocentpeoplecarryingnothingmorethanastick.

Nothingmorethan;only

.eg新发现的笔记只不过是杰克的个人日记。

ThenewlydiscoverednotesarenothingmorethanJack'spersonaljournal.

.这非常有趣，可是恐怕这只不过是一场表演而已。

Thisisveryinteresting,butI'mafraidthatitisnothingmorethanaperformance.

6Theyarekeptuptoscratch...

uptoscratch;asgoodassthorsb,shouldbe达到要求或者标准

eg要使它们达到标准还要做很多工作。为6月份向公众开放做好准备，这些年轻人干得很

努力。

Muchworkwasneededtobringthemuptoscratchandtheseyoungmenworkedhardtoget

readyforanopeningtothepublicinJune.

这对夫妇告诉住房管理的官员们这套三居室的套房根本没有达到他们的要求。

Thecoupletoldthehousingofficialsthatthethree-bedroomflatsimplywasnotuptoscratch

fortheirneeds.

7butthewisdomofthatpolicyhasbeenquestionedastheamountofviolenceencounteredbythe

policehasgrown

encounter;meet遇到，遭遇

eg他们没走多远就遇到了一个卖花的妇女。

Beforetheyhadgoneveryfar,theyencounteredawomansellingflowers.

我在学习英语语法时遇到了很大困难。

IencounteredgreatdifficultiesinlearningEnglishgrammar.

8Itisusuallytheordinarystreetofficerwhoisonthewrongendofthis,ratherthanthearmed

expertswhoarriveratherlater.

Beonthewrongendof....Sufferthebadeffectsofsth承担，面临

eg这是要求变革的一年，这一点显而易见。可我们今年正面临着于我们不利的变革。

Thisisayearforchange,that'sclear.Andwe'reonthewrongendofchangethisyear.

吉布森•凯迪遭到了痛斥，可是他压根儿不知道这是怎么发生的。

GibsonKeddiefindshimselfonthewrongendofatonguelashing,butheknowsnothing

abouthowithappens.

9oooconsidertheexperienceoftheNorthumbriapolicewhohaveresponsibilityforlawandorder

in...

lawandorder;asituationinwhichpeopleobeythelawandbehaveinapeacefulway法律和

秩序

eg暴乱过后，军队被调来重建法律和秩序。

Aftertheriots,themilitarywasbroughtintorestorelawandorder.

过去他每次都使用武力，力图把自己描绘成是法律和秩序的捍卫者。

Everytimehehasusedforceinthepastinanefforttoportrayhimselfasdefenderofboth

lawandorder.

*用and连接的两个名词、指同一人或物或通常由两个部件配成的物品的表达法还有：

soapandwater肥皂水forkandknife刀叉

horseandcarriage马车timeandtide岁月

trialanderror反复尝试ebbandflow盛衰

warandpeace战争与和平

breadandbutter奶油面包

witandhumor机智和幽默

acupandsaucer茶杯碟子

10...allthetypicalproblemsthrownupbytheBritainofthe1990s.

throwup;producesborsth,orcausethemtobecomenoticeable产生

eg他们匆匆地筑起了土墙，在顶上盖些毯子，给这些无家可归者提供住处。

Theyhurriedlythrewupearthenwalls,stretchingblanketsoverthetoptoshelterthese

homelesspeople.

建筑工人为地震灾民建造了一些临时棚屋。

Thebuildersthrewupsometemporaryhutsforthevictimsoftheearthquake.

11oootheylostbetweenthem12,000daysonsickleave

onsickleave;atimepermittedawayfromworkforillness休病假

eg休病假时你是有工资收入的，但是很明显，这是有限制的。

Youwillbepaidwhileyouareonsickleavebutobviouslytherearelimitstothis.

他在英国休病假时参观了许多著名大学，如牛津和剑桥。

WhileinEnglandonsickleavehevisitedmanyfamousuniversitiessuchasOxfordand

Cambridge.

12.Theequivalentof50policeofficersoffthestreetforafullyear

equivalent;n.(oi7to)athing,amount,word,etc.thatisequivalenttosth.Else对等。等于

eg有没有一个词和英语里的“home”完全对等

IsthereawordthatistheequivalentoftheEnglishword"home"?

a,(to)equalinvalue,amount,meaning,importance,etc

eg8公里大约等于5英里

Eightkilometersisaboutequivalenttofivemiles

13onethirdoftheofficersleavingweredisabledintheveryworstdegree...

disable;makesbunabletousehisorherbodyproperly残疾

eg他不能工作，因为他过去在战争中致残了，但是他尽自己最大努力，使我们获得所需要

的一切。

Hecan'tworkbecausehewasdisabledinthewar,buthedoeshisbestforusandmakes

surewehaveeverythingweneed.

他在那次事故中成了残废。

Hewasdisabledintheaccident.

14.67%favoredwiderissuingofguns

favor;support支持，赞同

eg我会支持立法禁止驾车时吸烟。

Iwouldbeinfavorofmakingitillegaltosmokewhiledriving.

政府中还没有迹象表明总统会赞同这个计划。

ButtherehasbeennosignfromthegovernmentthatthePresidentisinfavorofthe

proposal.

15ooanorganicsubstancederivedfrompepperswhichdisablesanattackerifsprayedinhisface.

Derivedfrom;comefrom/get源于或者得到

eg他认为他们所有的主意都源于经验，而且这些主意证明是很有用的。

Hearguesthatalltheirideasarederivedfromexperienceandthattheyprovetobevery

useful.

他很大一部分快乐是从度假中得到的，此时他可以把工作的日常事务抛在脑后。

Alargepartofhispleasurederivedfromholidays,whenhecouldputtheroutinesofwork

behindhim.

16providedthesprayiswashedawaywithwater...

provided/providing(that);if,oronlyif假如只要

eg假如无人反对，我们就在这里开会。

Provided(that)thereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.

我相信我有自由去干我想干的事情，只要这种自由对邻居无害。

IbelieveinfreedomtodowhatIwish,providingthatitdoesnoharmtomyneighbor.

Washaway;removeorcarryawaybyaflowofwaterorbyrain冲走洗刷

eg收割前一个月，几场罕见的大雨把农作物都给冲走了，留给这农民一笔沉重的债务，

他根本就无力偿还。

Amonthbeforeharvesting,theplantswerewashedawaybysomeunusuallyheavyrains,

leavingthefarmerwithaheavydebtthathewasunabletopay.

在这个地区，洪水冲走了好几个村庄。

Floodshavewashedawayseveralvillagesinthearea.

17Ihavelostcountofthetimeswehavebeenfilmingpoliceofficersonthestreetwhenlocal

residentshavecomeuptousandtoldus...

lostcountof;forgetthetotalofsth,beforehavingfinishedcounting记不清

eg我已记不清我们看了多少这样的深夜电影，也记不清我们在一起迎来了有多少个这样

的黎明。

I'velostcountofthenumberoflate-nightmovieswe'vewatchedinthiswayorthenumber

ofdawnswe'veseentogether.

.他这种无聊话，我们不知听了有多少次。

We'velostcountofthetimeshe'sboreduswithhisnonsensicaltalk.

18oowhenlocalresidentscomeuptousandtoldus..

comeupto;movetowardssb.totalktothem走近靠近

eg他没有直接向书桌那儿走去，而是向我点了点头，开始看那些花了。

Hedoesn'tcomeuptothedeskstraightaway,butgivesmeanodandstartslookingatthe

flowers.

.课结束时，你如果有问题可以来问我，我会尽力帮助你的。

AttheendofthelessonyoucancomeuptomewithyourquestionsifyouhaveanyandI

shalltrytohelpyou.

19...weexpectthepolicetocarryout.

Carryout;doorcompletesth,fulfill进行执行

eg贸易可能进行的这些条件也许没有像它们最初看起来那么简单。

Theconditionsunderwhichtrademaybeearnedoutmaynotbeassimpleastheymightat

firstappear.

当这项研究由外面的学者来从事时，新的严谨分析通常很有帮助。

Whentheresearchiscarriedoutbyacademicsfromoutside,newcriticalanalysisoften

helpsalot.

20newlawsandpolicepriortiesaretakingupsomuchtime..

takeup;useaparticularamountoftime,space,oreffort占用

eg这套新设计的家具几乎不占空间，使得房间看起来很宽敞。

Thenewly-designedfurnituretakesupverylittlespaceandmakesaroomlookspacious.

虽然这地方不大，可是做清洁工作得占你很多时间。

Itisn'talargeplace,butittakesupalotofyourtimetodothecleaningwork.

21ootheremightnotbemuchpointaskingapoliceman.

thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.:aparticularactionhasnopurposeorwouldnotbeuseful做

某事没有意义

eg告诉他是没有用的，因为他就是拒绝付钱给他们。

Thereisnopointintellinghimthat,becausehe'lljustrefusetopaythem.

.跟他争辩是没有用的，他是不会听你的。