大学考博英语真题（语法结构部分）

Partone:structure&writtenexpression

Direction:Ineachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwi1mostsuitable

completethesentencesifiinsertedattheplacemarked.Puttheletterofyourchoice

intheANSWERSHEET.(25%)

1.ThomasWolfeportrayedsothatyoucametoknowtheiryearnings,theirimpulses,and

theirwarts-----thiswaseffective.

[A]motivation[B]pointofview[C]characterizeation[D]background

2.Theappealtothesensesknownasisespeciallycommoninpoetry.

[A]imaginative[B]imaginable[C]ingenious[D]imagery

3.Ifyou'vegotacomplaint,thebestthingsistoseethepersonccncernedand__with

him.

[A]tellit[B]haveitout[C]sayit[D]haveitknown

4.Therehavebeenseveralattemptstointroducegayercoloursandstylesinmens

clothing,butnoneofthem.

[A]hascaughton[B]hascaughthimout[C]hascaughtup[3]takeroots

5.Theretiredengineerplunkeddown$50,000incashforamid-sizeMercedesasapresent

forhiswife-apurchase____withmoneymadeinthestockmarkettheweekbefore.

[A]paidoff[Blpaidthrough[C]paidout[D]paidfor

6.Hehascourageal1right,butinmattersrequiringjudgment,hehasoftenbeenfound

sadly.

[A]lackit[B]absent[C]inneedofit[D]wanting

7.DanisHayesraisedtheessentialparadoxandaskedhowpeoplecouldhavefoughtso

hardageinstenvironmentaldegradation____themselvesnowonthevergeoflosingthe

war.

[A]onlyfound[B]findingonly[C]onlytofind[D]haveonlyfound

8.Theonceseparateissueofenvironmentanddevelopmentarenow___linked.

[A]intangible[B]indispensable[C]inextricably[D]incredibly

9.Theneedtoseethatjusticeisdoneeverydecisionmadeinthecourts.

[A]implantsinto[B]imposeson[C]impingesupon[D]imprecatesupon

10.TwothirdsoftheUSbasketbal1playersareblack,andthenumberwou1dbegreater

_thecontinuingpracticeofpickingwhitebenchwarmersforthesakeofbalance.

[A]wasitnotbecauseof[B]haditnotbeenfor

[C]wereitnotfor[C]wouIditnothavebeenfor

11.Noonewouldhavetimetoreedorlistentoanaccountofeverything___goingon

intheworld.

[A]itis[B]thereis[C]asis[D]whatis

12.Ifthereistheneedtocompeteinacrowd,tobattletheedgethesureststrategy

istodeveloptheunexpected.

[A]on[B]for[C]against[D]with

13.Justasthereareoccupationsthatrequirecollegeorevenhigherdegrees,

occupationsforwhichtechnicaltrainingisnecessary.

[A]sotoothereare[B]soalsothereare

[C]sotherearetoo[D]sotooarethere

14.ItisamyththatthelawpermitstheFoodandDrugAdministrationtoignore

requirementsfordrugswhilebrand-namedrugsstillmustmeettheserigid

tests.

[A]specific[B]generic[C]intricate[D]acrid

15.Theverybiggestandmostmurderouswarsduringtheindustrialagewereintra-

industrial-warsthatSecondWavenationslikeGermanyandBritainagainstone

another.

[A]pitted[B]drove[C]kept[D]embarked

16.Theprivatelifeofhavingeachindividualmakehisorherownchoiceofbeliefsand

interestwithouttheoverarchingpubicworldofthestate,whichsustainsa

structure____oflawappropriatetoaself-determiningassociation.

[A]isnotpossible[B]wouldnotbepossible

[C]willnotbepossible[D]cannotbepossible

17.fromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversion

ofpoliticsinturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

[A]ofwhich[B]fromwhich[C]onwhich[D]bywhich

18.ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedsea

travel,thatman____PrinceHenrythenavigator,who1ivedinthe15,hcentury.

[A]was[B]wascalled[C]calling[D]being

19.Grantwasoneofabodyofnenwhowereself-reliant___,whocaredhardly

anythingforthepastbuthadasharpeyeforthefuture.

[A]onthemselves[B]onnotmakingafault

[C]toafault[D]toremainahead

20.Huntingtonandmanyofitscompetitorsareworkingtomakeremedialinstructiona

commodityasandaccessibleasfrozenyogurt.

[A]ubiquitous[B]rational[C]necessary[D]credible

21.Theschemeforrebuildingthecitycenter,owingtotherefusaloftherefusal

ofaCounciltosanctiontheexpenditureofthemoneyitwouldhaverequired.

[A]felldown[B]felloff[C]fellout[D]fellflat

22.Iftheythinktheyaregoingtowinoverusbyobstinatelyandrefusingtomake

thesiightestconcession,theyaremistaken.

[A]holdingout[B]boldingto[C]holdingover[D]holdingup

23.Thepossibilitythattheexplosionwascausedbysabotagecannotbe.

[A]brokenout[B]cancelledout[C]ruledout[D]wipedout

24.Theex-presidenthadbeeninthecountrytorefreshhismindbeforehepassed

away.

[A]givetowalking[B]givenawalk

[C]givenforawalk[D]givingawalk

25.Hedidnotrelishappealingamongsthisfriendsando:theircriticismor

censure.

[A]runningshort[B]runningout

[C]runningthegauntlet[D]runningahead

北京大学20。0年考博英语真题(完形填空部分)

PartThree:ClozeTest

FillineachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagewithONEsuitablethepassage.Put

youranswersinANSWERSHEET.(10%)

Onewayofimprovingone'swritingisgetintothehabitofkeepingarecordofyour

observations,ofstoring(46)inanotebookorjournal.Youshouldmakenoteson

yourexperiencesandonyour(47)ofeverydaylifesothattheyarepreserved.

Itissad(48)____tobeabletoretrievealostideathatseemedbrilliantwhenit

flashedacrossyour(49)_____,oraforgottenfactthatyouneedtomakeapointin

anargumentortoillustrateaconclusion.

Thejournalhabithasstill(50)____vaiuc.Just(51)____youneedtorecord

observations-thematerialforwriting-youneedtopracticeputtingthoughtsonpaper.

Learningtowriteismorelikelearningtoski(52)itislikestudyingcalculus

oranthropology.Practicehelpsyoudiscoverwaystoimprove.Writingdownideasfor

yourownuseforcesyoutoexaminethem.Puttingthoughtsonpaperforsomeoneelseto

read(53)youtoevaluatenot(54)thecontent-whatyousay-butalsothe

expression-(55)yousayit.Manywritershavebenefitedfromfromthishabit.

PartFour:Proofreading

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether

20mistakes,oneineachunderlinedsentenceorpartofasentence.Youmayhavetochange

aword,addawordorjustdeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutwithaslash

(\)andwritethecorrectword.Ifyouaddaword,writethemissingwordbetweenthe

words(inbracket)immediatelybeforeandafterit.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitout

withaslash(\).PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(20%)

Examples:

Eg.1(56)Themeetingbe^un2hoursawo.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(56)begunbegan

Eg.2(57)Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirscatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtain

wentup.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(57)(Scarcely)had(they)

Eg.3(58)NeverwillInotdoitagain.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(58)not

(56)“Humanism“hasusedtomeanloomanyIhingsthingstobeaverysatisfactoryterm.

(57)Nevertheless.Andinthelackof'abetterword.(58)Ishal1useitheretoexplain

forihecomplex。［alliludeswhichthisdiscussionhasundertakenlodefend.

(59)Inthissenseahumanistisanyonewhorejectstheattemptlodescribeoraccount.

ofmanwhollyonthebasisofphysics,chemistry,andanimalbehavior.(60)Heisanyone

wh。believes【hatwill,reason,andpurposearcrealandsignificant;thatvalueand

jusliceareaspeclsclarealilycalled*()odandevilandrestsuponsomefoundalicn

otherthancustom;⑹)thatconsciousnessissofarfromamereepiphenomenonathat

itisthemosttremendousofactualities;(62)thattheunmeasuredmaybesignificant;

tosumitallup.(63)thatthosehumanrealitieswhichsometimesseemtoexistonly

inhumanmindaretheperceptionsofthemind.

(64)Heis,inotherwords,anyonewhosaysthattherearcmorethingsinheavenand

earlhthanthosedreamedofinthepositivistphilosolhy.

(65)Originally,tobesure,thetermhumanistmeantsimplyanyonewhothoughtthestudy

ofancientliteraturehischiefconcern.Obviouslyitmeans,asIuseit,verymuchmore.

(66)Bui(.hereremainsneverlhelessacerlainconneclionbelweenIheaboriginalmeaning

andthatIanattemptingtogiveit.(67)becausethosewhomIdescribeashumanists

usuallyrecognizethatliteratureandtheartshavebeenprettyconsistently“onits

side”and(68)becauseitisoftentoliteratureIhaltheyturntorenewtheirfaith

inthewholeclassoftruthsivhichthemodernworldhassoconsistentlytendedtodismiss

asthemerefigmentsofawishfulthinkingimagination.

(69)InsofarasIhismodernworldgiveslessandlessatlentiontoitsliterarypast,

insofarasitdismissesthatpastassomethingoutgrowand(70)tobediscardedasmuch

astheimperfecttechnologyconlemporarywithithasbeendiscard3d.(71)justtothat

extentitfacilitatethesurrenderofhumanismtotechnology.(72)Theliteratureis

tobefound,directlyexpressedor.(73)moreoften,indirectlyimplied,themost

effectivecorrectiontotheviewsnowmostprevalentamonRthethinkingandunthinking.

(74)Thegreatimaginativewriterspresentapictureofhumannatureandofhumanlife

whichcarriesconvictionandihusgivingIhclieioallattemptloreducemantoa

mechanism.Novelsandpoems,anddramasaresopersistentlyconcernedwiththevalues

whichrelativismrejectsthatonemightevendefineliteratureastheattempttopass

valuejudgmentsuponrepresentationsofhumanlife.(75)Mor。oftenthannotthoseof

itsimaginativepersonswhofailtoachievepowerandwealtharemoresuccessfulthan

thosewhodonotT)ystandardswhichtheimaginativewriterpersuadesustoacceptas

valid.

北京大学20。0年考博英语真题(判断正误部分)

PartFour:Proofreading

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether

20mistakes,oneineachunderlinedsentenceorpartofasentence.Youmayhavetochange

aword,addawordorjustdeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutwithaslash

(\)andwritethecorrectword.Ifyouaddaword,writethemissingwordbetweenthe

words(inbracket)immediatelybeforeandafterit.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitout

withaslash(\).PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(20%)

Examples:

Eg.1(56)Themeetingbegun2hoursago.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(56)begunbegan

Eg.2(57)ScarcelyIheysettledIhemselvesiniheirseatsinIheIhealrewhenthecuriain

wentup.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(57)(Scarcely)had(they)

Eg.3(58)NeverwillInoldoitagain.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(58)not

(56)“Humanism“hasusedtomeantoomanyIhingsthingstobeaverysatisfactoryterm.

(57)Nevertheless.Andinthelackof'abetterword.(58)Ishalluseitheretoexplain

forthecomplexofattitudeswhichthisdiscussionhasundertakentodefend.

(59)Inthissenseahumanistisanyonewhorejectstheattemptlodescribeoraccount

ofmanwhollyonthebasisofphysics,chemistry,andanimalbehavior.(60)Heisanyone

whobelievesthatwill,reason,andpurposearerealandsignificant;thatvalueand

justiceareaspectsofarealitycalledgoodandevilandrestsuponsomefoundation

otherthancustom;⑹)thatconsciousnessissofarfromamereepiphenomenonathat

itisthemosttremendousofactualities;(62)thattheunmeasuredmaybesignificant;

tosumitallup.(63)thatthosehumanrealitieswhichsometimesseemtoexistonly

inhumanmindaretheperceptionsofthemind.

(64)Heis,inotherwords,anyonewhosaysthattherearemorethingsinheavenand

earththanthosedreamedofinthepositivistphilosolhy.

(65)Originally,tobesure,thetermhumanistmeantsimplyanyonewhothoughtthestudy

ofancientliteraturehischiefconcern.Obviouslyiimeans,asIuseit,verymuchmore.

(66)Butthereremainsneverthelessacertainconnectionbetweentheaboriginalmeaning

andthatIanattemptingtogiveit.(67)becausethosewhomIdescribeashumanists

usuallyrecognizeIhallilcralureandihcarlshavebeenprcllyconsisienlly“onils

side”and(68)becauseitisoftentoliteraturethattheyturntorenewtheirfaith

inthewholeclassoftruthswhichth。modemworldhassoconsistentlytendedtodismiss

asihemerefigmentsofawishfulihinkingimaginalion.

(69)Insofarasthismodernworldgiveslessandlessattentiontoitsliterarypast,

insofarasiidismissesIhalpastassomelhingoulgrowand(70)tobediscardedasmuch

astheimperfecttechnologycontemporarywilhithasbeendiscarded.(71)justtothat

extentitfacilitatethesurrenderofhumanismtotechnology.(72)Theliteratureis

tobefound,directlyexpressedor.(73)moreoften,indirectlyimplied,themost

effectivecorrectiontoiheviewsnowmostprevalentamongIhethinkingandunlhinking.

(74)Thegreatimaginativewriterspresentapictureofhumannatureandofhumanlife

whichcarriesconvictionandthusgivingthelietoallattempttoreducemantoa

mechanism.Novelsandpoems,anddramasaresopersislenllyconcerned*ilhihevalues

whichrelativismrejectsthatonemightevendefineliteratureastheattempttopass

valuejudgmentsuponrepresentationsofhumanlife.(75)Mor。oftenthannotthoseof

itsimaginativepersonswhofailtoachievepowerandwealtharemoresuccessfulthan

thosewhodonotT)ystandardswhichtheimaginativewriterpersuadesustoacceptas

valid.

北京大学2000年考博英语真题(阅读理解部分)

PartTwo:ReadingComprehension

I.Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfour

answersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeach

question.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15%)

PassageOne

ItwasanormaldayinthelifeoftheAmericanRedCrossinGreaterNewYork.First,

partofabuiIdingonWest14O'hStreet,inHarlem,felldown.Bedstumbledthroughthe

air,peopleslidoutoftheirapartmentsandontotheground,threepeopledied,and

theRedCrosswasthere,helpingshockedresidentsfindtemporaryshelter,andfoodand

clothing.Thenitwasbackdowntownforthatevening'sbigfund-raiser,theEleventh

AnnualRedCrossAwardDinnerDance,atthePierre.°That*swhy1havebedhairtonight,“

saidChristopherPeake,aRedCrossspokesmanwhohadspentmuchofthedayattheHar1en

scene,inthedrizzlingrain.Hewasnowinatuxedo,andactuallynishairdidn'tlood

sobed,fromeightcrystalchandeliers.

DefinitelynothavingabadhairnightwasElizabethDole,thewifeofSenatorRobert

DoleandthepresidentoftheAmericanRedCross.TresidentDolehaschestnutcolored

Republicanhair,whichwassoftlycoifed,andshewaswearingafittedburgundyvelvet

eveningsuit(uSomeonemadeitforme!Ilovevelvet!”sheexclaimed,inher

enthusiastic,NorthernCarolinahostessvoice)andsparklingdropearrings.Of

course,shehadn'tbeenstandingintheraininHarlem;shehadjustflownuponthe

three-o'clockshuttlefromWashington.Doleisextremelypretty,withroundgreen

eyesandafullmouthandadirestpersonality.Shetiltsherheadattentivelywhen

shelistens.Shewastherecipientoftheevening*saward;previousawardwinnershave

includedAliceTully,PrincessYasminAgaKhan,,••and,mostrecently,BrookeAstor.

NotesactlyAsequenceattheendofwhichyouwouldexpecetofindElizabethDole,but

awardgiversarefamousforhavingpoliticalinstinctsaswellasphilanthropicones.

Surroundedbythedeep-blueswagsandgoldendraperiesoftheballroomweremorethan

thiry-fivedinnertablessetwithgrupingsofcandlesandfloralcenterpiecesand

RoyalDou1tonchina.AmericanExpresswasthere.SowereBristol-MyersSquibb;

Cooperslybrand;theNewYorkTimesCompany;UnionBankofSwitzerland;ChemicalBank;

NewYorkLife;…andPriceWaterhouse.TheactressArleneDahl,withratherredhair

andherbeardedhusband,presidedoveronetable.Otherwise,itwasatypical,faceless,

captain-of-industryfundraiser(nomodels!nostars!),ofwhichthereseemsto

beatleastoneeverynightinNswYorkCity.Itwasnotasocietynight,butstillthe

eveningraisedfourhundredandthirtythousanddollars.

26.fromwhatwereadwecaninferthat“itwasanormaldayinthelifeoftheAmerican

RedCrossinGreaterNewYork"meansitsstaff____.

[A]dealwiththefal1ofhousesinthecityeveryday

[B]arebusyhelpingpeoplewhosufferfromdisasterseveryday

[C]workduringthedayandtohavebanquetintheeveningeveryday

[D]gotoHarlen,thepoorestdistrictofNewYork,everydayandhelppeoplethere

27.Thefund-raisermentionedinthepassagerefersto____.

[A]RobertDole

[B]ElizabethDole

[C]theEleventhAnnualRedCrossAwardDinnerDance

[D]allthebusinesscompaniesattendingthedinnerdance

28.ChristopherPeake'shairdidn,tlooksobadbecause.

[A]hewaswearingahandsometuxedo

[B]hewaswearingtulipsonhissuit

[C]hewasseenamongflowers

[D]hewassittingnearflowersandinverysoftlight

29.ElizabethDolewas___.

[A]thepresidentoftheAmericanRedCrossandactedattheDinnreasaNorthCarolina

hostess

[B]arepublicanandwifeofthepresidentoftheAmericanRodcross

[C]thepresidentoftheAmericanRedCrossanditsmainrepresentativeattheAnnual

DinnerDance

[D]borninNorthCarolina,becameanair-hostessandlatermarriedsenatorRobert

Dole

30.ThepresenceofanactressattheDinnermadethefundraising__.

[A]lessimpersonal[B]atypicalfund-raisingevent

[C]lesspersonal[D]morebusiness_1ike

PassageTwo

Forlaymenethnologyisthemostinterestingofthebiologicalsciencesforthevery

reasonthatitconcernsanimalsintheirnormalactivitiesandtherefore,ifwewish,

wecanassessthepossibledangersandadvantagesinourownbehavioralroots.Ethnology

alsoisinterestingmethodologicallybecauseitcombinesinnewwaysveryscrupulous

fieldobservationswithexperiraentationinlaboratories.

Thefieldworkershavehadsomehandicapsinwinningrespectforthemselves.Foralong

timetheywereconsideredaslittlebetterthanamateuranimal-watchers-certainly

notscientists,sincetheirfactswerenotgainedbyexperimentalprocedures:theycould

notconformtothehard-and-fastrulethataproblemsetupandsolvedbyone

scientistmustbetestedbyotherscientists,underidenticalconditionsandreaching

identicalresults.Ofcoursemanysituationsinthelivesofanimalssimplycannotbe

rehearsedandcontrolledinthisway.Thefallflockingofwildfreebirdscan,tbe,

orthehomingofanimalsoverlongdistances,orevendetailsofspontaneousfamily

relationships.Sinethesenevercanbereproducedinalaboratory,theythennotworth

knowingabout?

Theethnologistswhochoosefieldworkhavegotthemselvesoutofthisimpassebygreatly

refiningthetechniquesofobserving.Atthestartofaprojectal1theanimalstobe

studiedarelive-trapped,markedindividually,andreleased.Motionpictures,oftenin

color,providepermanentrecordsoftheirsubsequentactivities.Recordingofthe

animals*voicesbyelectricalsoundequipmentisconsideredessential,andthemost

meticulousnotesarekeptofallthatoccurs.Withthismaterialotherbiologists,far

fromthescene,latercanverifythereports.Moreover,twofieldobserversoftengo

outtogether,checkingeachother'sobservationsrightthereinthefield.

Ethnology,theword,isderivedfromtheGreekethos,meaningthecharacteristictraits

orfeatureswhichdistinguishagroup-anyparticulargroupofpeopleor,inbiology,

agroupofanimalssuchasaspecies.Ethnologistshavetheintentionofstudying”the

wholesequenceofactswhichconstituteananimal*sbehavior.MInabridgeddictionaries

ethnologyissometimesdefinedsimplyas“theobjectivestudyofanimalbehavior,w

andethnologistsdoemphasizetheirwishtoeliminatemyths.

31.Inthefirstsentence,theword“laymen”means.

[A]peoplewhostandaside

[B]peoplewhoarenottrainedasbiologists

[C]peoplewhoareamateurbiologists

[D]peoplewholoveanimals

32.Accordingtothepassage,ethnologyis___.

[A]anewbranchofbiology[B]anoldGreekscience

[C]apseudo-science[D]ascienceforamateurs

33.“Thefieldworkershavehandicapsinwinningrespectforthemselves.”Thissentence

means____.

[A]ethnologistswhenworkinginthefieldarehandicapped

[B]ethnologistshaveproblemsinwinningrecognitionasscientists

[C]ethnologistsarclookeddownuponwhentheyworkinthefield

[D]ethnologistsmeetwithlotsofdifficultieswhendoingfieldwork

34.Accordingtotheexplanationofthescientificruleofexperimentinthepassage,

“hard-and-fast“meansexperimentprocedures___.

[A]aredifficultandquicktofollow

[B]mustbecarriedoutinastrictandquickway

[C]mustbefollowedstrictlytoavoidfalseandlooseresults

[D]bardandunreasonableforscientiststoobserve

35.Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordsin“thedetailsofspontaneousfamily

relaiionships“canbeexpressedas____.

[A]naturalfamilyrelationships

[B]quicklyoccurringfamilyrelationships

[C]animalsactinglikeanaturalfamily

[D]animalfamilybehaviorthatcannotbepreplannedorcontroll