2024高考英语一轮复习词汇语篇模式主题语境二人与社会Topic21经济生活教学案含作业

PAGETopic21经济生活①商业、贸易(BusinessandTrade)____________['bIznəs]257,trade,____________['kʌmpəni]169,compete,deal,manage,payment,profit,benefit,________['fɔːtʃuːn]19,wealth,warehouse,________[sə'plaI]45,industry,setupagreement,businessman,loss,________[dI'klaIn]25,reduce,decrease,increase,found,firm,branch，chain,marketing,advertise,trademark,________[kə'mɜːʃl]21,strategy,________[prə'dʌkʃn]69,brand,service,tax,import/export,bid,corporation,enterprise,__________['kɒmpenseIt]5,cooperate,boom,negotiate,patent,statistics,distribute，establish,contract,invoice,invest②财务、金融(Finance)________[ə'kaʊnt]44,credit,debt,due,burden,share,____________[faI'nænʃl]50,interest,cutdowncapital,saving,budget,withdraw，banking,circulate,currency，deposit,tight,economictrend/crisis,globalizationcrisis,economy,fund,loan,property,stockbusiness;company;fortune;supply;decline;commercial;production;compensate;account;financialcompany①(2024·北京高考)Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.②(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.③Acompanyoftravelersare/isexpectedtoarrivesoon.(1)依据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义①Ourcompanyisundergooddirection.________②Hewillnotfeellonelywithhiscompany.________③Acompanyofactorshasjustarrived.________答案：①公司②陪伴；做伴③一群人(2)单句语法填空①Teresapostedaphotoofthechancemeetingonasocialnetworkingwebsite________(company)bythetouchingwords.②Shecameincompany________us.③Theywenttoseeafilm________company.答案：①accompanied②with③in(3)单句写作①我们和外国游客一起参观了博物馆。Wevisitedthemuseum____________________________________.②不要与不诚恳的人打交道。Never____________________peoplewhoaredishonest.答案：①incompanywithforeigntourists②keepcompanywith(1)n.公司；商号；商行abusinessorganizationthatmakesmoneybyproducingorsellinggoodsorservices(2)n.陪伴；做伴thefactofbeingwithsb.elseandnotalone(3)n.在一起的一群人agroupofpeopletogetherdeal①(2024·北京高考)Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.②(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk.③(2024·天津高考)Wecertainlydospendagooddealofourtimewaiting.(1)依据首字母或汉语提示填空①Ordinarysoap,usedcorrectly,can________(处理)withbacteriaeffectively.②Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms'dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactof________(交易)．③It'snobigd________.Icanhelpyouout.答案：①deal②deals③deal(2)单句语法填空①Itsotherconcernsarelove,gettingonwithothers,beingpersistentandcourageousandtryingtodeal________doubts,troublesandworries.②________greatdealofmoneywasspentinsavingthelivesofthetrappedminers.答案：①with②A(3)单句写作①Well,sinceyou________________(对待我们)sosincerely,wewillreducethepriceceilingasmuchaswecan.②Japanwillhaveto________(达成协议)theUSonriceimports.答案：①dealwithus②do/makeadealwith(1)vi.处理，应付tosolveaproblem,performatask,etc.(2)n.协议；(尤指)交易anarrangement,especiallyinbusiness,onparticularconditionsforbuyingordoingsth.(3)n.大量；很多much;alotdealwithsb.应付/对待某人dealwithsth.处理某事doadealwith与……达成交易/协议It'sadeal.说一不二；成交It'snobigdeal.没什么大不了agood/greatdealof很多的，大量的manage①Heisresponsibleformanagingthisproject.②(2024·天津6月高考)IhadhopedtosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.③Idon'tknowhowshemanagesonherownwithfourkids.(1)依据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义①Withgreateffortstheymanagedtosettleintheirnewhouselastmonth.________②She's82andcan'tmanageonherownanymore.________③Hemanagesasmallshopofhisownafterhewasoutofwork.________答案：①完成(困难的事)②应付(困难局面)③管理，负责(2)单句语法填空①Thepolicemanaged________(gain)accessthroughanupstairswindow.②Thoughtheydon'tknowthatyoung________(manage),theyhaveheardofhimforhisabilities.③SheaskedmeifIwouldgiveaone­daylectureonstress________(manage)to200medicalworkers.答案：①togain②manager③management(3)单句写作①____________________(管理一家公司)isharderthanyouthink.②Onlywiththegreatestofluck____________________(她才得以胜利逃脱)fromtherisingfloodwaters.③Thereisalwaysabigpileofdirtylaundryforyoutodo.____________________________(没有洗衣机你怎么应付)?答案：①Managingacompany②didshemanagetoescape③Howdoyoumanagewithoutawashingmachine(1)v.管理，负责(公司、队伍、组织等)tocontrolorbeinchargeofabusiness,ateam,anorganization,etc.(2)v.完成(困难的事)；勉力完成tosucceedindoingsth.,especiallysth.difficult(3)vi.能解决(问题)；应付(困难局面等)tobeabletosolveyourproblems,dealwithadifficultsituation,etc.manageto_dosth.设法做成某事managewith/without有/没有……应付managern.经理，经营者managementn.管理；经营manage强调结果，表设法做成某事。try强调动作，指的是试图做某事，但是未必做成某事。fortune①Sicknessorillfortunecouldreduceyoutoaneedysituation.②ReallycentralhotelsincitiessuchasLondon,EdinburghandCardiffcancostafortune,especiallyatweekendsandduringbigevents.(1)单句语法填空①Mycousinwasfortunate________(find)ajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.②Thestorecaughtfire.________(fortunate),allthepeoplethereescapedfromit.③(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Hewouldlaughtheloudestoverfunandbethesaddestoveranyone's________(fortune)．答案：①tofind②Fortunately③misfortune(2)单句写作①InChina,childrenaregivenmoneyinaredenvelopeto__________________(带来好运和财宝)intheNewYear.②Getty____________________(发大财)inhislife,buthegavehismoneytotheartworld.③I____________________(有幸与……共事)withabrilliantheadofdepartmentinthepast.答案：①bringgoodfortuneandwealth②madealargefortune③hadthegoodfortune/befortunatetowork(1)n.(尤指影响人生的)机会，运气chanceorluck,especiallyinthewayitaffectspeople'slives(2)n.大笔的钱；巨款alargeamountofmoneymakeone's/afortune发财bygood/badfortune幸运/不幸地havethegood/badfortunetodo...有幸/不幸做……tryone'sfortune碰运气seekone'sfortune外出找寻发财机会；外出闯荡fortunateadj.幸运的befortunateto_dosth./befortunateinhavingsth.有幸做某事/拥有某物unfortunateadj.不幸的fortunately＝luckilyadv.幸运地unfortunatelyadv.不幸地misfortunen.厄运；不幸decline①Eventhoughhewasinastruggletomakealiving,hedeclinedthehelpofferedbythegovernment.②Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbegintodeclinefromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.③Oilproductionhasalreadypeakedandisonthedeclineinabout50nations.(1)依据汉语提示填空①Weaskedhertocometoourparty,butshe________(谢绝)．②Therehasbeenasharp________(下降)inprofitsthisyear.③Hishealthhasbegunto________(衰退)becauseheisold.④Thenumberofstaffhas________(削减)from217,000to114,000.答案：①declined②decline③decline④declined(2)单句语法填空①Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves,andencouragethemtopolitelydecline________(do)thingsthattheybelievearewrong.②—Severalhotelsinthisareaareclosingdown.—That'sbecausetourismitself________(decline)sincelastyear.答案：①todo②hasbeendeclining(3)单句写作①他仍是世界上最受欢迎的高尔夫球选手之一，但他的球技大不如前。Heisstilloneoftheworld'smostpopulargolfers,buthisskillis____________________.②来自海外的激烈竞争导致了国内棉花产业的衰退。Theintensecompetitionfromoverseashascausedthecottonindustryto____________________.答案：①indecline/onthedecline②fall/gointo(a)decline(1)v.谢绝；婉言拒绝torefusepolitelytoacceptortodosth.(2)vi.衰退；衰弱；削减；下降tobecomesmaller,fewer,weaker,etc.(3)n.(数量、价值、质量等的)下降，削减，衰落，衰退acontinuousdecreaseinthenumber,value,quality,etc.ofsth.fall/gointo(a)decline陷入衰退indecline/onthedecline在衰退中；走下坡路declineto_dosth.拒绝做某事account①IopenedabankaccountafterImade$1,000bydoingapart­timejobduringthesummervacation.②Youraccountofwhathappeneddoesnottieinwithwhatthreeotherwitnesseshavesaid.③Weallaccounthimaqualifiedteacher,andheisalsorespectedbyhisstudents.(1)写出与画线短语的释义最接近的英语单词或短语①Thebookgives_an_account_ofthelivesoflesser­knownindividuals.________②Shewastoldtowearflatshoes,on_account_ofherbackproblem.________③Weshouldtake_account_ofpracticaldifficultiesandmakeanewplan.________答案：①describes②becauseof③consider(2)单句语法填空①Insixthgrade,adults(excludingparents)account________only25percentofadolescentsocialnetworks.②Wedelayedourdeparture________accountofthebadweather.③Shegavethepoliceafull________(account)oftheincident.答案：①for②on③account(3)句型转换①Whendevelopingoureconomy,wemusttakeenvironmentalprotectionintoaccount.→Whendevelopingoureconomy,wemust__________________________environmentalprotection.→Whendevelopingoureconomy,wemust________environmentalprotection________________.②Visitorsareonnoaccountallowedtofeedanimalsinthewildlifepark.→Onnoaccount____________________tofeedanimalsinthewildlifepark.答案：①takeaccounttake;intoconsideration②arevisitorsallowed(1)n.账户anarrangementthatsb.haswithabank,etc.tokeepmoneythere,takesomeout,etc.(2)n.叙述；描述；报告awrittenorspokendescriptionofsth.thathashappened(3)vt.认为是；视为tohavetheopinionthatsb./sth.isaparticularthingⅠ.阅读(2024·吉林省梅河口市高三上学期联考)BestWaytoSaveMoneyAlthoughthebestwaytosavemoneycanvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonage,familysizeandothercharacteristics,therearestillsomeeasythingsthatallshopperscandotokeepmoremoneyintheirbankaccounts.AvoidImpulse(冲动的)PurchasesWhenyoushop,abestwaytosavemoneyistohaveaplaninmindtohelpyouavoidimpulsepurchases.Forinstance,youmightleaveyourcreditcardsathomeandonlycarrytheexactamountofcashthatyouwillneedforyourplannedpurchase.Someshoppersagreetodiscussanypurchasesoveracertaindollaramountwiththeirspouses(配偶)first.KnowWhentoPayforQualitySometimesthebestwaytosavemoneyinthelongtermistospendalittlemoremoneyrightnow.Agoodpieceoffurniturecanstayinthefamilyfordecades.Ahigh­qualitypairofshoeswilllastlongerthanabargainpairandpreventfootpain.Leanercutsofmeatandorganicproduceprovidehealthbenefitsforyourfamily.BuySecondhandCheckclassifiedads,thriftstoresandgaragesalesforusedclothing,toys,furniture,andmuchmoreavailableatapartoftheiroriginalcost.Forthemostsecondhandsavings,checkoutgroupslikeFreecyclewheremembersofferunwanteditemsforfreetoanyonewillingtopickthemup.BorrowInsteadofBuyIfyou'reonlygoingtousesomethingonce,trytoborrowitinsteadofspendingyourmoneyonit.Borrowatoolfromyourneighbor.Swapbookswithafriend.Checkouttheresourcesatyourlocallibrary.You'llalsobereducingdisorderinyourhome.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种省钱的好方法。我国自古就以勤俭作为修身齐家治国平天下的美德。但是由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难。因此，我们中学生应当从现在起养成勤俭节约的好习惯(getintothegoodhabitofsaving)。1．Whatshouldyoudotoavoidbuyingunplannedthings?A．Thinktwicebeforeyoubuy. B．Askifyoureallyneedthem.C．Turntoyourfriendsforhelp. D．Nevertakeextramoneywithyou.答案：D细微环节理解题。依据其次段其次句中的“onlycarrytheexactamountofcashthatyouwillneedforyourplannedpurchase”可知，购物时，别带多余的钱，就能避开冲动购物，即购买原先没有安排买的东西。故选D。2．What'sthebiggestbenefitofbuyingsecondhandgoods?A．Itischeap. B．Itisconvenient.C．Itisfun. D．Itcostsnothing.答案：A细微环节理解题。依据第四段第一句中的“atapartoftheiroriginalcost”可知，买二手货的最大好处是便宜。故选A。3．Whichofthefollowingtipsensuresyoutogetitemsforfree?A．AvoidImpulsePurchases. B．KnowWhentoPayforQuality.C．BorrowInsteadofBuy. D．BuySecondhand.答案：C推理推断题。依据第五段可知，假如你只用一次的东西，不必花钱去买，可以借用。故选C。①purchasev.购买；选购 ②bargainv.讨价还价n.减价品；便宜货③classifiedadj.分类的④swapv.交换(第一段)Althoughthebestwaytosavemoneycanvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonage,familysizeandothercharacteristics,therearestillsomeeasythingsthatallshopperscandotokeepmoremoneyintheirbankaccounts.译文：虽然省钱的最佳方式因人而异，取决于年龄、家庭规模和其他特点，但全部购物者都可以做一些简洁的事情，以便把更多的钱存入银行账户。分析：本句中，although引导让步状语从句，句子主干为therearestillsomeeasythings...，that引导定语从句修饰things。(2024·武汉市部分学校新高三调研测试)Foritsoutsizereputation,SiliconValleyisanarrowthing.America'sinnovationcapitalmainlyconsistsofmanysmalltownsandcitiesontheSanFranciscoPeninsula(半岛)squeezedbetweenthecoastalmountainrangetothewestandthebaytotheeast.ItistraditionallymadeupofthetopofSantaClaraCountyaswellastheverybottomofSanMateoNotlongago,thisplacewasknownastheValleyofHeart'sDelight,famousforitsplentifulfruityards.Thecircumstancesthatturnedthecountrysideintoatechnologicalcenterhavebeenstudiedcarefully,andmanyhaveattemptedtoreplicatethemagicinEdwards'SuburbanDreamsprojectwasbornin1997.“Ifeltlonelyandtrapped,butIrealizedthatthepeoplearoundmereallylovedbeingthere，”sherecalled.ShebeganbyphotographingfriendsandacquaintancesnearherhomeinSanCarlos.Theprojectgrewassheinterviewedhersubjectstounderstandhowtheirenvironmentshapedtheirhopesanddreams.“It'sreallyimportanttomethatthepicturesaretruetowhatishappeninginthehome，”shesays.In2024,Edwardsbeganrevisitinghersubjectstoseetheeffectsofthegrowthandthewealth.Butshewassurprisedbyhowlittlehadchangedinthelivesofthosestillthere.ManySiliconValleynativesdonotrecognizemuchofwhattheyseetherenowadays.It'struethatmodestbungalows(平房)havebeenreplacedbyverylargehouses.Almosteverythingismorecrowdedandmoreexpensive.Butalotwillneverchange.Themainroads—Highway101,ElCaminoReal—arethesame.Soarethefreestandingoaktreesandgentlehillssurroundedbygoldengrass.Andattheheartofthemall,asEdwards'photosillustrate,thesuburbandreamisstillalive.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。硅谷是由美国旧金山旁边的郊区乡镇发展而成的，虽然经济富有，高楼大厦取代了平房，但是从爱德华兹所拍摄的硅谷人民生活变更的照片可以看出，经济的发展对很多人的生活并没有产生很大的影响。人们照旧保留着“郊区之梦”。作为中学生，参与社会经济生活，除关注国家经济建设外，我们平常可以多了解世界各国的经济状况，思索什么是一个好的经济制度(agoodeconomicsystem)。4．WhereisSiliconValley?A．InthecenterofSanFrancisco.B．OntheSanFranciscoPeninsulA．C．OntopofSantaClaraD．AtthebottomofSanMateo答案：B细微环节理解题。依据第一段其次句“America'sinnovationcapitalmainlyconsistsofmanysmalltownsandcitiesontheSanFranciscoPeninsula(半岛)squeezedbetweenthecoastalmountainrangetothewestandthebaytotheeast.”可知，硅谷位于美国旧金山半岛处，夹在位于西方的沿海山脉和位于东部的海湾之间，故B项正确。5．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“replicate”inParagraph2?A．Copy. B．Replace.C．Study. D．Report.答案：A词义揣测题。依据其次段其次句“Thecircumstancesthatturnedthecountrysideintoatechnologicalcenterhavebeenstudiedcarefully,andmanyhaveattemptedtoreplicatethemagicinSiliconValley.”可知，将农村变成科技中心的环境已经被细致探讨过；由该句中的“havebeenstudiedcarefully”并结合语境可知，画线词意为“复制”，即复制硅谷的魔力，故A项正确。6．Whatdidtheprojectfocusonlater?A．People'shopesanddreams.B．Thewishoftheacquaintances.C．Thetruelifeofthelocalpeople.D．SiliconValley'sinfluencesonthelocals.答案：D推理推断题。依据第三段最终两句“In2024,Edwardsbeganrevisitinghersubjectstoseetheeffectsofthegrowthandthewealth.Butshewassurprisedbyhowlittlehadchangedinthelivesofthosestillthere.”可知，在2024年，爱德华兹起先再次探望她的探讨对象，看看经济增长和财宝带来的影响；但令她惊异的是，那些仍在那里的人的生活变更甚微。据此可知，该项目后来关注的是硅谷对当地人生活的影响，故D项正确。7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．CrazyChanges,CrazyFollowersB．WildDream,SuccessfulProjectC．LivelyCity,MajorInnovationD．UnchangingLife,UnchangingDream答案：D标题推断题。依据尾段第四句“Butalotwillneverchange.”和最终一句“Andattheheartofthemall,asEdwards'photosillustrate,thesuburbandreamisstillalive.”，并结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲解并描述了“虽然硅谷在经济上取得了巨大的胜利，但是人们的生活并没有由此发生太大的变更，人们的郊区之梦也没有变更”这一主题，故D项最适合作本文的标题。①reputationn.名声，名誉②innovationn.创新③squeezev.挤压④plentifuladj.大量的；丰富的(第三段第五句)It'sreallyimportanttomethatthepicturesaretruetowhatishappeninginthehome.这些照片真实地反映了家中发生的一切，这对我来说真的很重要。(2024·山西省祁县中学高三月考)Thereisalwaysnolackofordinarypeopletakingactionforextraordinarychange.AghanOscarisjustamongthem.Thirteenyearsago,Aghan,botheredbytheever­increasingquantityofplasticwasteinthislow­incomesuburbofNairobi,decidedtofindawaytorecycleit.Nowhiscompany,ContinentalRenewableEnergyCo.Ltd(COREC),producespolesforuseinconstruction,farmingandroadsigns.Sofarhe'ssold96,000,andhesayshispotentialforgrowthislimitedonlybytheconsiderableexpenseofsettingupplasticrecyclingplants.MostofAghan'scustomersarefarmersanddeveloperswhoonceusedwoodenfencepoles.Customerssaytheyhaveotherbenefitsaswell.“Ihavefencedmypieceoflandthreetimesusingwoodposts,butmostofthetimethefencewasvandalized(有意破坏)byvillagerswhousedthepostsasfirewood，”saidCalebKapten.Nowplasticpostshavestoppedtheproblem,hesaid.TheKenyaNationalHighwaysAuthorityisoneofCOREC'sbiggestcustomers.Itapproachedthecompanyafterroadsignswerevandalizedbycriminalswhosoldthemetalpolestosteelmanufacturingcompanies.Aghanreckons(估计)thatCOREC'sproductshavesavedthegovernmentmillionsofshillings,besidespreventingroadaccidents.AndhealsopointsoutthatCOREChasbeenabletoconservelargenumbersoftreesbyproducingplasticpoles.WhenAghanstartedthisrecyclingbusinessin2003,mostofhisemployeeswerehisfamilymembersduetofinancialconstraints(限制).Nowheemploys250youngpeopletocollectplasticwaste.Fiftymoreyouthsworkontheproductionline,wherethewasteissortedaccordingtoqualitybeforebeingcrushedandwashed,meltedandcastintodifferentshapes.Thepolesarethenarrangedbyshapeandsizeforsaleintheyardoftherecyclingplant.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。受日益增多的塑料垃圾所扰的Aghan创办了自己的公司来解决这个问题。他们回收利用废弃塑料来生产塑料杆儿，用于建筑、农业和交通领域。当我们在学习或生活上遇到问题(encounteraproblem)时，不要回避问题，而是要主动想方法去解决问题，迎难而上，勇于挑战自己。8．What'sthebiggestchallengeofAghan'sfuturecareer?A．Thepoortechnologyinrecycling.B．Thehighcostofbuildingfactories.C．Theincreasingpilesofplasticwaste.D．Thelimitedpolicysupportinrecycling.答案：B细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“hispotentialforgrowthislimitedonlybytheconsiderableexpenseofsettingupplasticrecyclingplants”可知，Aghan将来事业面临的最大挑战是建立塑料回收工厂的费用过高。故选B。9．HowwasCalebKapten'sproblemfinallysolved?A．Hegaveupfencinghisland.B．Heguardedthelandmorecarefully.C．Hereplacedthewoodpostswithplasticones.D．Hegotsomedonatedmetalposts.答案：C细微环节理解题。依据第三段的内容，尤其是最终一句“Nowplasticpostshavestoppedtheproblem,hesaid.”可知，CalebKapten的问题因运用塑料杆儿来代替木杆儿而得到解决。故选C。10．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A．GreatdifficultyfacingAghan.B．Strictstandardsofplasticpoles.C．Variouswaysofmakingplasticpoles.D．Thecomplexprocessofrecyclingplasticwaste.答案：D推理推断题。依据最终一段的内容，尤其是“Nowheemploys...intheyardoftherecyclingplant.”可知，他雇佣很多年轻人来收集塑料垃圾，另外有很多年轻人在生产线上工作，对废物进行分类，然后粉碎、清洗、熔化和铸造，最终出售。从而推断出，将废弃塑料回收再利用须要耗费巨大的人力，其过程困难繁琐。故选D。11．Whichbestshowsthestructureofthetext?答案：D推理推断题。通读全文可知，第一段属于主旨段，引出本文的话题；其次段讲的是Aghan创办了自己的公司，生产用于建筑、农业和路标的塑料杆儿；第三段和第四段分别介绍塑料杆儿在农业和交通领域的应用，属于对其次段内容的扩展；第五段主要介绍这种塑料杆儿的生产过程，与其次段是并列关系。故选D。①extraordinaryadj.非凡的；卓越的②quantityn.数量③approachv.接近；着手处理④qualityn.质量(第一段第一句)Thereisalwaysnolackofordinarypeopletakingactionforextraordinarychange.任何时候都会有一般人实行行动，进行非同寻常的变更。(2024·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)Anewtechnologyisgoingtoripe,onethatcouldtransformourdailylives,helptoformnewindustries,evenremoveworldeconomicpowersfromtheirpresentpositions.UnlikethewaveofindustrializationthatbeganintheWestandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld,thenewdevelopmentsaretakingplaceinresearchlabsallovertheglobe—andAsiansareintheforefront.Physicistsarecreatinganewclassofmaterialsthatdisplayanamazingpropertyunforeseeneventwoyearsago—superconductivity(超导体技术)．Usedtodayonlyinspecializedequipment,superconductorshavethepotentialtoradicallychangemostoftheelectricalandelectronicappliancesfoundinthehome,makingthemsmaller,morepowerfulandefficient.Theycouldfreeourcitiesofpollutionbyreplacingpetrolanddiesel(柴油)vehicleswithelectriccars,andcutthecostofelectricity.Thenewmaterialsdosomethingthateventhebestofconductorssuchascopperandsilvercannot—theydoawaywithallelectricalresistance.Thesignificancesforenergystoragearegreat.Thetechnologyisinitsearlystage,stillaccessibletocountriesthatdecidetoinvestbrainsandmoney.For75yearsithadremainedlittlemorethanascientificcuriositywithlimitedpracticalusebecausethephenomenonoccurredonlyatextremelylowtemperatures.Itwasfirstobservedin1911byaDutchscientistnamedHeikeKamerlinghOnnes,whocooledmercury(水银)totemperaturesbelow－269℃withliquidhelium(氦).TheninJanuarylastyear,twoIBMscientists,K.AlexMullerandJ.GeorgeBednorz,foundametaloxideceramic(氧化陶瓷)thatsuperconductedat－243℃.TheirreportwentlargelyunnoticeduntillastDecember,whenitwasconfirmedatascientificmeetinginBoston.TodayJapan,India,ChinaandotherAsiancountriesallhavetheirshareofexpertswhospendtheirdaysandnightsinlabs,actingasmidwives(助产士)toanewtechnology.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述的是一项最新技术——超导体技术的发展潜能和发展状况。我们都知道，技术创新能够带动经济增长，反过来经济增长又要求更高的技术创新。时代呼喊创新，中学生要敢为人先，成为社会创新的重要力气(animportantforceofsocialinnovation)，将创新转化为实际生产力。12．Asisindicatedinthepassage,thetechnologyofsuperconductivity________.A．hasalreadybeendevelopedB．isstillunderdevelopmentC．willbeusedonlyinspecializedequipmentD．willbeusedindailylivesinafewyears答案：B推理推断题。依据第三段第一句“Thetechnologyisinitsearlystage,stillaccessibletocountriesthatdecidetoinvestbrainsandmoney.”可知，该技术还处于早期阶段，那些确定投入人力和金钱的国家仍旧可以获得该项技术，可推知超导技术仍在开发中，故选B。13．Thenewtechnologydiffersfromtheothersinthat________.A．itbeganintheEastandspreadlatertotherestoftheworldB．itbeganintheWestandspreadlatertotherestoftheworldC．itisbeingcultivatedinresearchlabsaroundtheworldD．itisaccessibletophysicistswhoareintelligentandrich答案：C细微环节理解题。依据第一段其次句可