安徽省芜湖市2024-2025学年高二上学期10月第一次月考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省芜湖市2024-2025学年高二上学期10月第一次月考英语试卷第一部分听力（共20小题，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A．Searchthecanteen.B．Buyanewtextbook.C．Putupanotice.2．Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?A．BeechStreet.B．EastMain.C．LindenAvenue.3．Howmuchtimedoesthewoman’swatchgain?A．Tenminutes.B．Fiveminutes.C．Fifteenminutes.4．Whoisthemanprobably?A．Apoliceman.B．Agasstationclerk.C．Adrivingcoach.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Theniceweather.B．Thestrongwind.C．Thebeautifulleaves.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。6．Wheredoesthewoman’sbrotherwork?A．Atthepolicestation.B．Inasmallstore.C．Inacollege.7．Howisthewoman’srelationshipwithherparents?A．Terrible.B．Justso-so.C．Good.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8．Whichteamdoesthemansupport?A．TheReds.B．TheCubs.C．TheMets.9．WhatdoesthewomansayabouttheCubs?A．Theyhaveanewbaserunner.B．Theyhaveagreatrecordthisyear.C．Theywoneverygamethisseason.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10．Howoldisthewoman?A．25yearsold.B．60yearsold.C．70yearsold.11．Whatkindofshopsdoesthewomannevervisit?A．Bigchainstores.B．Smallshops.C．Independentshops.12．Whatisthewoman’sopinionaboutfashions?A．Theyneverrepeat.B．Jeansarethemostfashionable.C．Someofthemmayreturnyearslater.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13．Whatwillthepresentationstartwith?A．Thefunctionsofclouds.B．Theformationofclouds.C．Thedifferenttypesofclouds.14．Whydoesthemansuggesthavingsmallcards?A．Toorganizealltheresearch.B．Toremindhimofwhattosay.CTomakethepresentationinteresting.15．Whatwillthemando?A．Preparethecards.B．Makethepresentationslides.C．Lookforpicturesofcloudsonline.16．Whatsectionwillthewomantalkabout?A．Theintroduction.B．Thelow-levelclouds.C．Themedium-levelclouds.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17．WhatdoweknowabouttheClimbingCenter?A．Itwasstartedin1952byamountaineer.B．ItrunscoursesfromMarchtoNovember.C．Itdoesn’tprovideaccommodationinwinter.18．Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofthepriceofthefour-daycourse?A．Low.B．Reasonable.C．High.19．Whatdidthespeakerlearntodoonthesecondday?A．Predicttheweather.B．Readamap.C．Setupatent.20．WhatcanpeopleenjoyintheeveningsattheCenter?A．Seeingfilms.B．Readingbooks.C．Playingtabletennis.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhat’sHappeningatCheshireLibraryinSeptemberMovieMatineesAreBack!Septemberl,1:00pm:ThePolarExpress(2004)September7,1:00pm:TheDarjeelingLimited(2007)We’rebringingourMovieMatineesback,andthismonththere’stroubleonatrain!Thisisadrop-inprogram,noregistrationrequired.Comebyforamovieonthebigscreen!ArtJournalingwithMeganJefferySeptember8,6:30-8:00pmLearnhowyoucangetstartedindocumentingyourlifewithartjournalinginthisengagingworkshopledbyillustratorMeganJeffery.Participantswillcreatetheirownjoumalingcardsusingavarietyofsupplies.Spaceislimited,soregistrationisrequired.TheHumaneGardener:NancyLawson(Online)September15,6:30-8:00pmJoinauthorNancyLawsonasourspecialguestspeakerinanonlinepresentationrelatedtoherbookTheHumaneGardener:NurturingaBackyardHabitatforWildlife,whichexplainstheimportanceofcoexistingwiththelocalwildlife.RegistrationrequiredtoreceiveaZoomlinkonehourbeforethestartoftheprogram.PreschoolStorytime(Ages3-5)September20,10:00-10:45amAprogramforpreschoolerstolearnthroughtalking,singing,reading,writing,andplaying!Forchildrenages3-5andtheircaregivers.Registration:CheshireresidentsmayregisterbeginningonSeptember6.Non-residentsmayregisterstartingonSeptember13.1.Whatisspecialaboutthemovie-watchingprogram?A.Itisheldonatrain. B.Itisanonlineprogram.C.Itincludeshands-onactivities. D.Itrequiresnoadvanceregistration.2.WhatshouldparticipantsdobeforejoiningthepresentationbyNancyLawson?A.ClickaZoomlink. B.Readherlatestbook.C.Bringtheirownartsupplies. D.Submitanartjournalingcard.3.WhoaremostlikelyinterestedintheSept.20program?A.Movielovers. B.Gardeners. C.Preschoolers’parents. D.Artists.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了Cheshire图书馆举办的四个活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MovieMatineesAreBack!部分中“Thisisadrop-inprogram,noregistrationrequired.(这是一个临时项目，不需要注册)”可知，这是一个无需预约、无需注册的活动。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TheHumaneGardener:NancyLawson(Online)部分中“RegistrationrequiredtoreceiveaZoomlinkonehourbeforethestartoftheprogram.(注册后需要在节目开始前一小时收到Zoom链接)”可知，在参加NancyLawson的演讲之前，参与者应该单击Zoom链接。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据PreschoolStorytime(Ages3-5)部分中“September20”及“Aprogramforpreschoolerstolearnthroughtalking,singing,reading,writing,andplaying!Forchildrenages3-5andtheircaregivers.(一个让学龄前儿童通过说话、唱歌、阅读、写作和玩耍来学习的项目！适用于3-5岁儿童及其看护人)”可知，9月20日是一个给学龄前儿童准备的活动，他们的父母应该对这个活动最感兴趣。故选C。BMyfamilyandIhadsetoutonadaytripfromShillongtoCherrapunji,atownknownforbeingoneofthewettestplacesonEarth.However,afterwehadbeenstuckintrafficformorethanfourhours,oneofmysistersproposedgoingbacktothecityasalastattempttosavewhateverremainedoftheday.Aquickonlinesearchrevealedothermust-visitspotsaroundShillong.Mostwerefamiliar,butonecaughtourattention—Nartiangwithitsmysteriousmonoliths(独石碑).Thephotoshowedtallstonespiledtogetherinastrangeformation,appealingtoustoexplorefurtherdespitethelackofdetailsprovided.ThatishowIfoundmyselfstandingintheshadowofthehugemonolithsofNartiang,whichishometothethickestandlargestcollectionintheregion.Curioustouncovertheirhistory,IapproachedMaryoSymblai,avillageelderImetlaterthatday,whotoldmethestoryofthemonolithsthathasbeenorallypasseddownovergenerations.Shesaid,“Backintheday,Nartiangdidn’thaveabazaar(集市)andthenearestonewasatRaliang.Ononesuchbazaar,agiantnamedMarPhalyngkiwascaughtinheavyrainonhiswayback.HerequestedtoborrowanumbrellafromtheRaliangchief’syoungestdaughter,butshewantedtotesthislegendarystrengthinstead.‘Whydon’tyougoliftthathugestoneinthebazaaranduseitasanumbrella?’shesaiddismissively.Emboldenedbyherchallenge,hejustdidthat,butbeforereachingNartiang,heplaceditinaforestwhentherainhadstopped.”“ThereisacertainoverlapofancientstoryandmemoryinthecaseoftheNartiangmonoliths.Thelocals’accountofhowtheplacecametobeisbasedonancientstoriesorfolkcustoms.Buttheyalsorememberitbecauseitservedtheirancestorsasaweeklymarketplace,amemorial,andaplaceforpoliticalgatherings.Thatishoworalhistoryworks.Itmixesfactandfictionintocollectivememory”,saidDrReejuRay,alocalwriter.Today,eventhoughthetraditionalcustomsandmoreconfirmedhistoricalaccountsoffersomeinsightintothesite,themystery(奥秘)ofthestonegiantslasts.4.WhydidtheauthorandhisfamilycometovisitthemonolithsofNartiang?A.Itwasintheiroriginaltripplan.B.Theyhadtochooseitasanalternative.C.Itwastheonlyremainingplacetovisit.D.Aneldervillagergavethemthesuggestion.5.Whichdoestheunderlinedword“Emboldened”inparagraph2mean?A.Threatened. B.Moved. C.Stimulated. D.Frightened.6.WhyareDr.ReejuRay’swordsmentioned?A.Toinformwhatthemonolithsservedas.B.Toillustratehowthemysteriousstorycameintobeing.C.TointroducethefeatureofNartiangmonoliths.D.Todenytheoverlapofancientstoryandmemory.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ATriptotheMonoliths. B.TheMysteryofShillong.C.TheFormationoftheMonoliths. D.ADisappointingTravelExperience.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者探索Nartiang巨石的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段“MyfamilyandIhadsetoutonadaytripfromShillongtoCherrapunji,atownknownforbeingoneofthewettestplacesonEarth.However,afterwehadbeenstuckintrafficformorethanfourhours,oneofmysistersproposedgoingbacktothecityasalastattempttosavewhateverremainedoftheday.Aquickonlinesearchrevealedothermust-visitspotsaroundShillong.Mostwerefamiliar,butonecaughtourattention—Nartiangwithitsmysteriousmonoliths(独石碑).(我和家人从Shillong出发前往Cherrapunji，这是一个以地球上最潮湿的地方之一而闻名的小镇。然而，在我们被困在交通中四个多小时后，我的一个姐姐提议回到城市，作为最后一次尝试，以挽救当天剩下的一切。一个快速的在线搜索显示，Shillong周围还有其他必去景点。大多数人都很熟悉，但有一个引起了我们的注意——Nartiang及其神秘的巨石。)”可知，作者因为交通被困，所以改变原来旅游路线，不得已选择参观Nartiang及其神秘的巨石。故选B项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第二段“HerequestedtoborrowanumbrellafromtheRaliangchief’syoungestdaughter,butshewantedtotesthislegendarystrengthinstead.‘Whydon’tyougoliftthathugestoneinthebazaaranduseitasanumbrella?’shesaiddismissively.Emboldenedbyherchallenge,hejustdidthat,butbeforereachingNartiang,heplaceditinaforestwhentherainhadstopped.(他要求向拉良首领的小女儿借把伞，但她想试试他传奇般的力量你为什么不去集市上搬那块巨石当伞用呢？”她轻蔑地说。在她的挑战的下，他就这么做了，但在到达Nartiang之前，雨停了，他把它放在了森林里。)”可推测，这里指在女孩的话语的“刺激”下，巨人搬了石头。所以猜测Emboldened表“被刺激”。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段“ThereisacertainoverlapofancientstoryandmemoryinthecaseoftheNartiangmonoliths.Thelocals’accountofhowtheplacecametobeisbasedonancientstoriesorfolkcustoms.Buttheyalsorememberitbecauseitservedtheirancestorsasaweeklymarketplace,amemorial,andaplaceforpoliticalgatherings.Thatishoworalhistoryworks.Itmixesfactandfictionintocollectivememory(在Nartiang巨石的案例中，古代故事和记忆有一定的重叠。当地人对这个地方是如何形成的描述是基于古代故事或民俗。但他们也记得它，因为它是他们祖先每周的集市、纪念碑和政治集会的场所。口述历史就是这样运作的。它将事实和虚构混合到集体记忆中)”可知，文中提到了Dr.ReejuRay的话是为了说明这个神秘的故事是如何产生的。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Aquickonlinesearchrevealedothermust-visitspotsaroundShillong.Mostwerefamiliar,butonecaughtourattention—Nartiangwithitsmysteriousmonoliths(独石碑).Thephotoshowedtallstonespiledtogetherinastrangeformation,appealingtoustoexplorefurtherdespitethelackofdetailsprovided.(一个快速的在线搜索显示，Shillong周围还有其他必去景点。大多数人都很熟悉，但有一个引起了我们的注意——Nartiang及其神秘的巨石。照片显示，高高的石头以一种奇怪的形式堆积在一起，尽管缺乏细节，但仍呼吁我们进一步探索。)”以及下文可知，文章主要讲作者探索Nartiang巨石的故事，所以A项ATriptotheMonoliths(巨石之旅)作为文章标题，与本文主题相符合。故选A项。CAsoneofthemostmomentouslanguagesintheworld,Latinhadhumblebeginnings.ItoriginatedalongtheTiberRiverinItalyandonlyahandfulofpeoplespokethelanguage.Overtime,LatinbecamemoredistinguishedasRomansprocuredpoliticalpower.ManyfamousliterarytextsandscientificclassificationswerewritteninLatin.EventhoughknowingLatinindicatedapersonwaseducated,accordingtoBritannica,inthe20thcenturyfarfewerpeoplelearnedLatin”,leadingittobeclassifiedasa"dead”language.Therearearound7,000livinglanguagesintheworld,but,accordingtoBritannica,“morethanhalfareatriskofdyingoutbytheendofthe21stcentury”.Civilizationsevolveovertimeandsodolanguages.Moreoftenthannot,alanguagediesbecauseeveryonewhospeaksthelanguagedies.Forexample,MarieSmithJones,perhapsthelastnativespeakeroftheAlaskanEyaklanguage,diedattheageof89in2008,andsodidthelanguage.Now,fewerandfewerpeoplespeakLatin,whichraisespublic'sawarenessaboutitspreservation.Actually,therearemanyotherreasonsinrespectofwhyLatinshouldbepreservedortaught.“Itisawindowintoanengagingancientcivilization,andstudyinganancientcivilizationteachesustorespectdifferentpointsofviewandunfamiliarculturalpractices,"saysKathleenColeman,JamesLoebProfessorofHarvardUniversity.Sinceitisn'tusedinordinaryconversations,therearealotofdifficultiesthatarisefromteachingLatin.Teachinga'dead'languageisdistinctfromteachingotherlanguages,explainsColeman,“becausetherearenonativespeakerstodemonstrateushowitsoundsoranswerquestionsaboutthemeaningsofwordsorjustifyidioms.Whileit'stough,westillcanfindtheanswerstoourquestionsfromthefragmentaryevidenceavailableinwrittentexts.”8.WhatcanwelearnaboutLatinfromParagraph1?A.Latinwaswell-knownsinceitsbirth.B.OnlyeducatedpeoplelearnedLatininthepast.C.Latinwasnotfavoredbyscientistsandwriters.D.Allpeopledidn'tlearnLatininthe20thcentury.9.TheauthormentionsMarieSmithJonesinParagraph2toshow.A.Latinisgoingtobea"dead”language.B.whatitreallymeanswhenalanguagedies.C.whypeopleshouldbeawareofprotectinglanguages.D.heisthelastnativespeakeroftheAlaskanEyaklanguage.10.WhyshouldpeoplelearnLatinaccordingtoColeman?A.Toshowunfamiliarpractices.B.Torespectothers'opinions.C.Tolearnaboutanancientsociety.D.Toprotecta"dead”language.11.Whatwilltheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Thelearningmaterials.B.ThedevelopmentofLatin.C.Thelearningmethods.D.ThedifficultiesinlearningLatin.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拉丁语的日渐消亡的原因以及被教授或者保护拉丁语所面临的问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句EventhoughknowingLatinindicatedapersonwaseducated,accordingtoBritannica,inthe20thcenturyfarfewerpeoplelearnedLatin”,leadingittobeclassifiedasa"dead”language.（根据《大英百科全书》，即使懂拉丁语意味着一个人受过教育，但在20世纪学习拉丁语的人要少得多”，导致拉丁语被归类为“消失”语言。）可知，在20世纪，并非所有人都学拉丁语。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“Forexample,MarieSmithJones,perhapsthelastnativespeakeroftheAlaskanEyaklanguage,diedattheageof89in2008,andsodidthelanguage.”（例如，阿拉斯加埃亚克语的最后一位母语使用者玛丽·史密斯·琼斯于2008年去世，享年89岁。埃亚克语也是如此。）可知，文中提到MarieSmithJones是为了说明第三句“Moreoftenthannot,alanguagediesbecauseeveryonewhospeaksthelanguagedies.”（通常情况下，一种语言的消亡是因为说这种语言的人都死了。）所以作者在第二段提到玛丽·史密斯·琼斯来说明，当一种语言消亡时，它意味着什么。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Itisawindowintoanengagingancientcivilization,andstudyinganancientcivilizationteachesustorespectdifferentpointsofviewandunfamiliarculturalpractices”（它是一个通向迷人的古代文明的窗口，研究一个古代文明教会我们尊重不同的观点和陌生的文化习俗）可知，人们学习拉丁语是为了了解古代社会。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Whileit'stough,westillcanfindtheanswerstoourquestionsfromthefragmentaryevidenceavailableinwrittentexts.”（虽然很难，但我们仍然可以从书面文本中获得的零碎证据中找到问题的答案。）可知，接下来文章要讨论在书面文本中获得的学习材料。故选A。DOdors(气味)arecomplexandoftenhavechangeablestructures,andcanshowmeaningfulinformationaboutananimal’ssurroundings,likethelocationoffoodsources.Butithaspreviouslybeenassumedthatmammalian(哺乳动物的)brainscan`tfullyprocessthesetemporalchangesinsmellbecausetheyhappensorapidly,muchfasterthanananimalcansmell.Usingbehavioralexperiments,researchersattheFrancisCrickInstituteandUCL(UniversityCollegeLondon)foundthatmicecan,infact,detectveryrapidvariationswithinodors,atratespreviouslynotthoughtpossible.Theyalsoshowedthatmicecanusethisinformationtodistinguishwhetherodorsarecomingfromthesameordifferentsources,eveniftheyareveryclosetoeachother.Thissuggeststhatthemammalianolfactory(嗅觉的)systemisalsokeyinprocessingtheawarenessofphysicalspaceandsurroundings,guidingdecisionsimportanttosurvival.AndreasSchaefer,groupleaderoftheSensoryCircuitsandNeurotechnologyLaboratoryatUCLsays:“Fromanevolutionary(进化的)pointofviewourfindingsmakesenseastheyhelptoexplainwhythereisalotofcomputationalpowerwithintheolfactorybulb,thepartofthebrainwherethenosesendssignalsto.It’snotonlyprocessingchemicalsfromodorsbutalsocalculatinginformationaboutphysicaldistanceandsources.Itwouldhavebeenstrangeforevolutiontocreatesuchprocessingpowerinthispartofthebrainifitwerenotbeingusedtohelpthespeciessurvive.”Inonekeyexperiment,thescientiststrainedmicetodetectwhethertwoodorswerecomingfromthesamesourceorseparatesources.Themicewereabletocorrectlydistinguishthisdifference.Aspartofthestudy,thescientistsdesignednewtechnologiesincludingahigh-speedodordeliverydeviceandequipmentthatcanmeasureseveralodorswithextremelyhighprecision.Theseinnovationswillenablemorecomplicatedworkontheolfactorybulb,increasingourknowledgeofhowthisbrainregionprocessesinformationabouttheenvironmentandinfluencesbehavior.12.Whathasbeenpreviouslyassumedimpossibleformammalianbrains?A.Sensingfastandsmallchangesinodors.B.Respondingtodifferentbehaviorsproperly.C.Spottingrelationshipsamongdifferentodors.D.Rememberingtheexactlocationoffoodsources.13.WhatdoSchaefer’swordsimplyabouttheolfactorybulb?A.Itsendssignalstothenose. B.Itchangesananimal’sevolution.C.Itdetectsananimal’ssurroundings. D.Itrecognizesdifferentpartsofthebrain.14.Whydidthescientistscreatenewtechnologies?A.Toinvestigatethestructuresofseveralodors.B.Tolearnmoreabouthowtheolfactorybulbworks.C.Todevelopmoretreatmentsfortheolfactorybulb.D.Toexploretheimpactoftheenvironmentonthebrain.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Micemighthaveauniqueolfactorysystem.B.Mammalianbrainsowncomputationalpower.C.Differentstructuresofodorsattractdifferentmice.D.Rapidchangingsmellscanteachmiceaboutspace.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。气味是复杂的，通常具有可变的结构，可以显示动物周围环境的有意义的信息，比如食物来源的位置。但此前人们认为，哺乳动物的大脑无法完全处理这些嗅觉的时间变化，因为它们发生得太快了。研究人员发现，事实上，老鼠可以以以前认为不可能的速度检测到气味的快速变化，还能辨别气味是否来自相同或不同的来源。这表明，哺乳动物的嗅觉系统在处理对物理空间和环境的感知起着关键作用，可以指导对生存至关重要的决策。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Odors(气味)arecomplexandoftenhavechangeablestructures,andcanshowmeaningfulinformationaboutananimal’ssurroundings,likethelocationoffoodsources.Butithaspreviouslybeenassumedthatmammalian(哺乳动物的)brainscan`tfullyprocessthesetemporalchangesinsmellbecausetheyhappensorapidly,muchfasterthanananimalcansmell.”（气味很复杂，通常具有可变的结构，可以显示有关动物周围环境的有意义的信息，例如食物来源的位置。但之前人们认为哺乳动物的大脑无法完全处理这些嗅觉的瞬时变化，因为它们发生得非常快，比动物的嗅觉快得多。）可知，气味是复杂的，通常具有可变的结构，可以显示动物周围环境的有意义的信息，比如食物来源的位置。但此前人们认为，哺乳动物的大脑无法完全处理这些嗅觉的时间变化，因为它们发生得太快了。第二段中“Usingbehavioralexperiments,researchersattheFrancisCrickInstituteandUCL(UniversityCollegeLondon)foundthatmicecan,infact,detectveryrapidvariationswithinodors,atratespreviouslynotthoughtpossible.”（弗朗西斯克里克研究所和伦敦大学学院的研究人员通过行为实验发现，老鼠实际上可以检测到气味的快速变化，其变化速度是以前认为不可能的。）可知，研究人员发现，事实上，老鼠可以以以前认为不可能的速度检测到气味的快速变化，还能辨别气味是否来自相同或不同的来源。由此可知，此前人们认为哺乳动物的大脑不可能感知气味快速而细微的变化。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“It’snotonlyprocessingchemicalsfromodorsbutalsocalculatinginformationaboutphysicaldistanceandsources.Itwouldhavebeenoddforevolutiontocreatesuchprocessingpowerinthispartofthebrainifitwerenotbeingusedtohelpthespeciessurvive.”（它不仅处理气味中的化学物质，还计算有关物理距离和来源的信息。如果不是为了帮助物种生存，大脑的这一部分会进化出如此强大的处理能力，这真是太奇怪了）可知，嗅球不仅从气味中处理化学物质，而且还计算物理距离和来源的信息，并且这些是可以用来帮助物种生存的，由此可推知，谢弗的话暗示了嗅球可以探测动物的周围环境。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Aspartofthestudy,thescientistsdesignednewtechnologiesincludingahigh-speedodordeliverydeviceandequipmentthatcanmeasureseveralodorswithextremelyhighprecision.Theseinnovationswillenablemorecomplicatedworkontheolfactorybulb,increasingourknowledgeofhowthisbrainregionprocessesinformationabouttheenvironmentandinfluencesbehavior.”（作为研究的一部分，科学家们设计了新技术，包括高速气味传送装置和可以以极高精度测量多种气味的设备。这些创新将使嗅球研究更加复杂，让我们更了解这个大脑区域如何处理环境信息并影响行为。）可知，科学家们创造新技术是为了进一步了解嗅球的工作原理。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Usingbehavioralexperiments,researchersattheFrancisCrickInstituteandUCL(UniversityCollegeLondon)foundthatmicecan,infact,detectveryrapidvariationswithinodors,atratespreviouslynotthoughtpossible.Theyalsoshowedthatmicecanusethisinformationtodistinguishwhetherodorsarecomingfromthesameordifferentsources,eveniftheyareveryclosetoeachother.”（弗朗西斯克里克研究所和伦敦大学学院的研究人员通过行为实验发现，小鼠实际上能够以以前认为不可能的速度检测到气味的快速变化。他们还表明，即使气味彼此非常接近，小鼠也可以利用这些信息区分气味是来自相同来源还是不同来源。）和第三段“Thissuggeststhatthemammalianolfactory(嗅觉的)systemisalsokeyinprocessingtheawarenessofphysicalspaceandsurroundings,guidingdecisionsimportanttosurvival.”（这表明，哺乳动物的嗅觉系统在处理物理空间和周围环境意识方面也发挥着关键作用，可以指导对生存至关重要的决策。）可知，文章主要讲述了研究表明，快速变化的气味可以让老鼠了解空间知识。故选D。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowWeTalkaboutFearMattersLately,thereseemstobeplentytofearintheworld.Howwetalkaboutwhatwefearmightoffercluestohowweperceivethatemotionsociallyandculturally.Gettherootoffear._____16_____.InAngloSaxontimes,“fear”primarilyreferredtosuddendanger.Therootoftheworddatesbackto“pēr”fromIndo-Europeanabout6,000yearsago.Thisrootsuggeststhatfeardevelopedfromasudden(frightening)experienceyoupassedthrough.Figureouttheemotionalmeaningoffear.Whetheremotionsareviewedpositivelyornegativelyvariesfromculturetoculture._____17_____.Forinstance,inEnglish,theword“anxious”canbeusedtomean“worried”or“eager”.Butthewordmeaning“anxious”justmeans“regret”inDargwa.Therefore,manyEnglishspeakersmaynotviewanxietyasnegativelyasDargwaspeakers.Findoutafearfulpattern.Inlookingatsuchpatternsacrossthemajorlanguagefamilies,researchersfoundthattheword“fear”wasoftenassociatedwithanxiety,envyandgriefinIndo-Europeanlanguages.ButinAustronesianlanguages,“fear”moreoftenwasassociatedwithsurprise._____18_____._____19_____Howwetalkaboutfearchangeshowwereacttoit.Whenwetalkaboutwhatfrightensus,itmaybeusefultodisruptassociatedmeanings.Inaddition,howourlanguagecategorizesanemotionseemstoimpactwhetherweperceivethoseemotionsnegativelyorpositively.Inconclusion,fearissomethingthatcanbechangedbyculturalandlinguisticexperience._____20_____.PerhapsRooseveltwasrightwhenheinfamouslysaid“Theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself.”A.TalkmoreaboutfearsB.ChangeourperceptionoffearC.ThewordfearhasalonghistoryinEnglishD.ThereseemedafearfulpatternacrossthemajorlanguagefamiliesE.ThisisbasedonwhatpeoplehavelearnedtoassociatewithemotionwordsF.ItopensthedoortopotentialwaystochangehowwetalkaboutandreacttoitG.Thismakesspeakersofthelatterlanguagesassociatethisemotionwithalessnegativesense【答案】16.C17.E18.G19.B20.F【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们应该如何去谈论恐惧。【16题详解】下文“InAngloSaxontimes,“fear”primarilyreferredtosuddendanger.Therootoftheworddatesbackto“pēr”fromIndo-Europeanabout6,000yearsago.(在盎格鲁-撒克逊时代，“恐惧”主要指突然发生的危险。这个词的词根可以追溯到大约6000年前印欧语的“pēr”)”介绍了“恐惧”一词可追溯到约6000年前，是对C项“ThewordfearhasalonghistoryinEnglish(“恐惧”这个词在英语中有很长的历史)”内容的具体说明，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。【17题详解】上文“Whetheremotionsareviewedpositivelyornegativelyvariesfromculturetoculture.(对情绪的看法是积极的还是消极的，因文化而异)”指出恐惧的情绪含义因文化而异，下文“Forinstance,inEnglish,theword“anxious”canbeusedtomean“worried”or“eager”.Butthewordmeaning“anxious”justmeans“regret”inDargwa.Therefore,manyEnglishspeakersmaynotviewanxietyasnegativelyasDargwaspeakers.(例如，在英语中，单词“anxious”可以用来表示“担心的”或“急切的”。但是“anxious”这个词在达格瓦语中只是“后悔”的意思。因此，许多说英语的人可能不会像说达瓜语的人那样消极地看待“anxiety”)”用举例的方法说明了一个词汇的情绪含义是积极或消极因文化而异，与人们所习得的情绪相关，是对上文和E项“Thisisbasedonwhatpeoplehavelearnedtoassociatewithemotionwords(这是基于人们已经学到的与情感词汇相关的情绪)”内容的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。【18题详解】上文“Inlookingatsuchpatternsacrossthemajorlanguagefamilies,researchersfoundthattheword“fear”wasoftenassociatedwithanxiety,envyandgriefinIndo-Europeanlanguages.ButinAustronesianlanguages,“fear”moreoftenwasassociatedwithsurprise.(在研究主要语系的这种模式时，研究人员发现，在印欧语系中，“恐惧”这个词经常与焦虑、嫉妒和悲伤联系在一起。但在南岛语中，“恐惧”更多的是与惊讶联系在一起)”指出，在印欧语系中“恐惧”这个词经常与焦虑、嫉妒和悲伤联系在一起，而在南岛语中，“恐惧”更多的是与惊讶联系在一起，由此可知，对使用南岛语的人来说，“恐惧”一词不会带来太多的消极情绪。G项“Thismakesspeakersofthelatterlanguagesassociatethisemotionwithalessnegativesense(这使得说后一种语言的人不太会将“恐惧”与消极的感觉联系在一起)”承接上文，表达了同样的意思，句中“thelatter”照应上文“inAustronesianlanguages”。故选G项。【19题详解】设空句是段首主题句，根据下文“Howwetalkaboutfearchangeshowwereacttoit.Whenwetalkaboutwhatfrightensus,itmaybeusefultodisruptassociatedmeanings.Inaddition,howourlanguagecategorizesanemotionseemstoimpactwhetherweperceivethoseemotionsnegativelyorpositively.(我们谈论恐惧的方式会改变我们对恐惧的反应。当我们谈论让我们害怕的事情时，打破相关的含义可能是有用的。此外，我们的语言如何对情绪进行分类似乎会影响我们对这些情绪的看法是消极的还是积极的)”可知，本段说明我们对恐惧认知会影响我们对恐惧的反应，建议打破其相关含义，改变对恐惧的看法，故“Changeourperceptionoffear(改变我们对恐惧的看法)”是本段内容最佳概括。故选B项。【20题详解】上文“Inconclusion,fearissomethingthatcanbechangedbyculturalandlinguisticexperience.(总之，恐惧是可以被文化和语言经验改变的)”总结全文，得出结论：恐惧是可以被文化和语言经验改变的，F项“Itopensthedoortopotentialwaystochangehowwetalkaboutandreacttoit(它打开了一扇门，让我们有可能改变我们谈论和应对它的方式)”承接上文，说明这一认知的作用：让我们可能改变我们谈论和应对恐惧的方式，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。第三部分英语知识运用（共三小节）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）Lastsummer,ourgroupof16AmericanstudentsreachedtheelephantconservationcampdeepinthejunglesofThailand.Weweretogiveour___21___toelephants’lifelongtrainerscalledmahouts(象夫).Byhelpingthem,we’dtakeoutsomejobsfromtheir___22___schedule.Onmyfirstday___23___withmyelephantYom,Iwasaskedtowearastrange-lookingsuitbyhermahout.Iwasalsoinstructednotto___24___itinanycasesothatmypersonal___25___wouldenterthesuitandstaystrong.Itwasremarkablehow___26___Yomwas.Afteracoupleofdays,Yomflapped(拍)herearsin___27___everytimeshesmelledmecoming.Shereachedoutherlongtrunkandgently___28___mefromtheground.Herflaggingearsactedasa(an)___29___alwaysholdingmylegsagainsthernecktomakesureIdidn’tfalloff.EverymorningIrodeYomtoalaketogiveherabathandthentothe___30___whereYomhadherfillofleaves.NextIrodehertoherdailyactivities.Inanobstacle(障碍)course,Iledherthroughpolesand___31___hertobowherheadandwalkbackwards.Yomwasexceptionally___32___!Shehadhadover48yearsoftrainingatthecamp!Yomperformedthese___33___inshowsfortouriststoraisemoneyforherownupkeep.Timeflewby!Wehadto___34___.Yomsensedit.Shepressedherheadagainstmine,tearswellingup.HowI___35___seeingheragain!21.A.service B.company C.estimation D.guidance22.A.appealing B.reasonable C.tight D.predictable23.A.playing B.competing C.betting D.working24.A.mark B.wash C.unfold