【暑假辅导班】初升高衔接教材 2021-2022新高一英语人教版附答案解析

初升高衔接教材单元分层必练01（原卷版）

英语

笔试部分

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选最佳选项。

A

Belowyouwillfindaprofileofeachgapyearprogramme.Ifthereisaspecificprogrammeyouareinterested

inoraquestionyouhaveregardingtheseprogrammes,pleasefeelfreetocontactthemdirectly.

YouthInternational

Since1997,YouthInternationalhasbeenprovidingmanypeoplewiththemostexcitingandeducational

experienceoftheirlife.Itisalearningprogrammethatcombinesinternationaltravel,inter-culturalexchange,home

stays,volunteercommunityserviceworkandoutdooradventures.

Phone:720-270-3323

CarpeDiemEducation

Throughvolunteerservice,travelandculturalexchange,studentsofCarpeDiemEducationreceiveapersonal

insightintothemselvesandtheircultures.Wespecializeinguidingsummerandsemesterprogrammesforhigh

schoolstudents.Eachcourseiscarefullycraftedtodevelopleadershipandself-awarenesswithinourstudents,who

returnhomebetterpreparedtobeleadersinthoughtandaction.

Phone:503-285-1800

CentreforInterimProgrammes

Foundedin1980,CentrefbrInterimProgrammesisthefirstindependentgap-yearorganisationinAmerica.

Basedonstudents'interestsandbudget,ourexperiencedteachershelpmakeindividualcoursechoicesincluding

low-costvolunteeroptions,languageprogrammes,researchtrips,andsoon.Wearecommittedtohelpingstudents

findmoreexperiencesofformaleducationandwork.

Phone:413-585-0980

EFGapYear

EFGapYearoffersstudentstheabilityroexploreseveralcountrieswhereyouwilllearnalanguage,volunteer

fbragoodcause,andgaininternationalworkexperience.Choosebetweena12-weeksemesteranda26-week

academicyear.Youcanthenpersonalizeyourprogrammetomeetyourlearninggoalsandinterestsbydeciding

where,when,andhowyouwishtostudyonyourown.Ourwell-structuredcurriculumevenallowsyoutoplaceout

ofcollege-levelclassesandearnadvancedcreditstowardsgraduation.

Phone:800-726-9746

1.Whichphonenumbercanyoudialifyou认anttoimproveyourleadership?

A.720-270-3323.

B.503-285-1800.

C.413-585-0980.

D.800-726-9746.

2.WhatisEFGapYear'suniquefeature?

A.Itsreasonablefee.

B.Itsexperiencedteachers.

C.Itspersonalizedprogramme.

D.Itsdiversecurriculumchoices.

3.Whatdothefourprogrammeshaveincommon?

A.Theypayattentiontovolunteerservicework.

B.Theycombineeducationwithhomestays.

C.Theymainlyoffercross-culturaleducation.

D.Theyraisestudents'interestinadventures.

B

Itwasacoldwinter.Thewindblewallnightandthesnowwasblinding.Whenthemorningcame,mythree

childrenandIgotupandmadeourwaytothewindows.Aswelookedoutofthewindow,wesawthatthehen

housewasgone.Ourthreehenshadbeenblownaway.

Ilookedattheemptinessoutside.ThenIsawallthreechickenssittingaroundtheedgeofawhitebucket.How

wasthisviolentwindnotblowingthemintothefieldbeyond?Iquicklypulledonmyhusband'slongsnowpants

andheavywintercoat,wrappedascarfandstuckmyfeetintoverylargeboots.

Ishoutedatthewindasitblew.Iwasalone,exceptmychildren.Theystaredoutofthewindowintothevast

whiteseaofsnowandtheireyespeeledforanysignofmovement.OutsideIheardthesoundofmybootsasI

walkedagainstthewind.

Thesnowcirclingaroundme,Isteadilymademywaytothesoftcluck-cluck-clucksoundmyhensalways

made.WhenIreachedthem,Isawthattheirlittlefeetwereholdingontotheedgeofthebucket,headsbentforward

andawayfromthewind.Igentlyliftedeachhenandputitcarefullyintothewarminside.ThenIbeganthe

freezingwalkbacktothesmallsheddirectlybehindourhouse.OnebyoneIlaidmychickensonthecoldfloor,and

theybegantoclucksoftly.

AsIshutthesheddoors,myeyeswentdirectlytothewindowwheremychildrenwerewatching.They

jumpedupanddowncheering,andsodidI!Iwasn'tsomedragonslayer（屠杀者）fromafairytale.Iwassimplya

mom,butthelookonmychildren'sfacestoldmethattheythoughtIwasaheromom.

4.Seeingallthreechickenssittingaroundthebucket,theauthorfelt.

A.incredibleB.worried

C.shyD.confident

5.Howdidtheauthorreachthehens?

A.Bysearchingforthewhitebucket.

B.Bywearingprotectiveclothes.

C.Byfollowingthesoundofthehens.

D.Byshoutingatthehenhouse.

6.Fromthestory,weknowthat.

A.theauthor'schildrenlikeddragonslayers

B.thechildrenwatchedtheirmotheralltheway

C.theauthorstruggledtobeahero

D.theauthorenjoyedherselfinthesnow

7.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WeatherintheExtreme

B.HensinTrouble

C.KindnessinNeed

D.HerointheSnow

C

Everyyear,countlessindividualsareimpactedbycancer.Ourgoalistowalkawayfromcanceraswegive

strengthtothosefightingthislife-threateningdisease.WalkCancerAwayinviteseveryonetoparticipateinour

annualfamily-friendlywalkeventandjointogethertosharethestrongwillpowerfoundinsideeachofuswith

thosearoundus.Witheachstepwetake>witheachstoryshared,andwitheachdonationmade,weareonestep

closertofindingacure.Todate,wehaveraisedover$700,000forDr.NancyKeneny'sColorectal（结肠直肠的）

ResearchFundatMemorialSloganKetteringCancerCcnter（MSKCC）,togetherwiththousandsofpeople

supportingthiscauseoverthelast12yearswearecommittedto.

WalkCancerAwaybeganasawalkinhonorofJamesN.Rentas.Deeplyinfluencedbyhislossdueto

colorectalcancer,theRentasfamilycametogether12yearsagotohelpotherswhoaresufferingthe

diseasc.Dr.NancyKemenyatMemorialSloganKetteringCancerCenter,whowasthedoctortreatingJames

N.Rentas,mirrorsthatsamegoal.HereffortsandthatofherteamatMSKCCarefocusedonresearchingto

overcomethediseaseandfindacure.

Together,theyhavemadegreatachievementsovertheyearsandhaveprovidedyearsoflifeforthosewho

faceadversity.Inmanycases,theircontinuedeffortshaveledtofullremissionofthecancerinpatients.Withthe

deepestgratitudewearethankfultoallthosewhosupportandparticipateintheeventeachyear,becausewithout

youthiswouldnotbepossible.

AlthoughWalkCancerAwaystartedjust12yearsago,weareforeverhonoredtobeabletojoininthisevent

thatsomanyofusfindsoclosetoourhearts.Weaskyou,yourfamily,andyourfriendstojoininthisyear'sWalk

CancerAwayEvent.

8.WhatdocsWalkCancerAwayintendtodo?

A.Tbcontactthosesufferingfromcancer.

B.Tbshareexperiencesfromcancervictims.

C.Togivemoneytocancerpatients*family.

D.Tofindawaytodefeatcanceratlength.

9.WhatdoweknowaboutJamesN.RentasaccordingtoPara.2?

A.Hediedofcancer.

B.Hegaveawayhisfortune.

C.Hedidresearchoncancer.

D.HefoundedWalkAwayCancer.

10.Dr.NancyandherteamatMSKCChaveprovidedyearsoflifeforthosefacing.

A.anunfavorablesituationfromnature

B.aseriousdiseasehardtocure

C.alossofafamilymember

D.anunpleasanttreatment

11.Whydoestheauthormakethisspeech?

A.lbintroducethehistoryofanevent.

B.Tbraisemoneyforcancerresearch.

C.lbcallonpeopletojoinintheactivity.

D.lbexpressthankstoallthepeopletakingpart.

D

Somethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicines,sayUK

researchers.

Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine,foundincocoa,wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthan

codeine,whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.

TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadto

moreeffectivecoughtreatment.Whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmfill（有害的）itcanhaveamajoreffecton

thequalityoflife,andthisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem,“saidProfessorPeter

Bames.

Tenhealthyvolunteers（志愿者）weregiventheobromine,codeineorplacebo,apillthatcontainsnomedicine,

duringtheexperiment.Neitherthevolunteersnortheresearchersknewwhoreceivedwhichpill.Theresearchers

thenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicin,whichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthe

medicinearestoppingcoughs.

Theteamfoundthat,whenthevolunteersweregiventheobromine,thecapsaicinneedtoproduceacoughwas

aroundathirdhigherthanintheplacebogroup.Whentheyweregivencodeinetheyneedonlyslightlyhigher

leversofcapsaicintocauseacoughcomparedwiththeplacebo.

Theresearcherssaidthattheobromineworkedbykeepingdownanerveactivity（神经活动），whichcause

coughing.Theyalsofoundthatunlikesomestandardcoughtreatments,theobrominecausednosideeffectssuchas

sleepiness.

12.WhatisthefunctionoftheobromineaccordingtoProfessorBames?

A.Itcannotbeaseffectiveascodeine

B.Itcanbeharmfultopeople'shealth

C.Itcannotbeseparatedfromchocolate

D.Itcanbeamoreeffectivecureforcoughs

13.Whatwasusedintheexperimenttocausecoughing?

A.Theobromine.B.Codeine.C.Capsaicin.D.Placebo.

14.Welearnfromthetextthatvolunteersintheexperiment.

A.werepatientswithbadcoughs

B.weredividedintothethreegroups

C.receivedstandardtreatments

D.sufferedlittlesideeffects

15.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Codeine:ANewMedicineB.ChocolateMayCureCoughs

C.CoughTreatment:AHardCaseD.TheobromineCanCauseCoughs

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Fightsatschoolhavebecomeanincreasinglyfamiliarsightfbrchildren.Ybushouldknowwhattodoifyou

areinafight,orseeafightatschool16

Youshouldtrytogetawayifyoucan.Ifyouknowsomeoneiscomingupbehindyoutoattack,turntoward

thepersonwithyourhandsupinfrontofyourbodyandloudlysay“stop"beforewalkingaway.17Ifthe

persondoesn'tstop,cryfbrhelpbycallingoutthenameofateacherwhoseofficeisnearby.

18Insomeschoolareas,everyoneinvolvedinafightcanbepunished,nomatterwhostartedit.

Whatshouldyoudoifyouseeafight?Youmustn'tjumpintobreakupafightorhelpafriend.Ifyouget

involvedinafight,youmaysufferinjuriesandpunishment.19It^agoodchoicetofindanadultorcall

thepolice.Shoutloudlytobreakupthefightorwarnthatanadultiscoming.

20Itonlyprovidestemporary（临时的）relieffortheattackerandcausesmoretrouble.Ifyou

arcconcernedaboutfightsatschool,thebestthingyoucandoistalktoanadultwhowilllistenandtakeaction.

A.Violenceneversolvesproblems.

B.Ybushouldsupportonesideforgoodreason.

C.1hereareatewwaystoryoutoprotectyourself.

D.Theattackerusuallystopswhenyou'rerunningfast.

E.Loudvoicecanusuallymaketheattackercalmdown.

F.Youcandosomethingifafightbreaksoutatschool.

GFighting,eveninself-protection,shouldalwaysbealastchoice

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

AscarynewvirussweptovertheglobeandthevirusknockedonmydoorafewweeksagowhenIwas21

attheclinicwhereIwork.Fivedayslater,IgotthefirstcallfromPublicHealth22meknowIwasthought

“lowrisk,“luckily,Icouldself^monitorandcarryonasusual.Whata23!

ButthenIgotthesecondcallItcamefromPublicHealthrevisingmycategoryto“exclusion”一a24

technicalwayofsayingself-isolation,Ifeltthatmy25hadbeenturnedupsidedown.Everythingtooka_

26myfamily,theclinicanditspatients,myincome.DidPublicHealth27maketherightdecision?

After28thenewstomyfamily,Iwasgreetedwithloveandencouragement.ItwasthenthatIliftedthe

weight29mysoul.

SoIpickedout30clothesfrommycloset,grabbedessentialitemsandmovedtothebasement.I

piecedtogetheradesktoworkonandIwouldonlyseemyfamilywhenIwent31toeatmeals.32

meals,Isatatthefarendofthediningtable,atleasttwometersaway.Andmyownfamilywas33alhome

asmuchaspossible.Inthebasement,Iusedtheisolationasarareopportunityto34manyprojectsthatI

hadn'thadtimefor.

Ihadnodoubtthatthiscrisiswillend,asallthecriseshappenedbefore.Anditwasourchoiceon35

itbroughtoutgoodorbadresults.

21.A.exposedB.operatedC.movedD.stayed

22.A.allowingB.informingC.lettingD.telling

23.A.reliefB.joyC.confusionD.coincidence

24.A.littleB.lessC.fewD.more

25.A.workB.clinicC.familyD.life

26.A.shotB.hitC.chanceD.form

27.A.partlyB.slowlyC.reallyD.fortunately

28.A.havingB.breakingC.sharingD.hearing

29.A.inB.aboveC.offD.on

30.A.formalB.expensiveC.wonderfulD.spare

31.A.downstairsB.upstairsC.outwardsD.inwards

32.A.OverB.OnC.AfterD.Before

33.A.sleepingB.meetingC.workingD.staying

34.A.workonB.dependonC.liveonD.puton

35.A.whatB.whetherC.howD.why

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Ihaven'tseenMrJenkinssinceIleftschool,butIoftenthinkabouthim.Iwasn'tverygood36.

mostschoolsubjectsbeforeImetMrJenkins.IsupposeIwasabitlazy,especiallyinmaths.TheonlythingIcould

rememberfromschoolmathswas37theanglesofatriangleaddupto180degrees!ButwhenIwas

15andwentintoMrJenkins'class,Ireallybecame38(excite)inasubjectforthefirsttime.

BeforeMrJenkinstaughtme39(wise),sciencehadbeenasubjectfullofstrangewordstome.

Ihadnoideawhathydrogenwas,andIdidn'treallywanttoknow,either.Ifounditallso40

(bore)anddifficult.ButMrJenkinsmadeeverythinginteresting.Heusedtoexplainthingswhichseemeddifficult

withlotsofpractical41(example)andinsimplelanguage.Oneday,hetookusoutsideandwe

42(build)arocket!Irememberthatheletmepoursomefuelintotherocket,andthenanother

studentlit43matchtosetitoff.Itwasgreatfun.

IknowthatIwantedtoleaveagood44(impress),andIwasn'tslowtolearnnewthings.The

problemwasthatIlacked45(confident)inmyself.MrJenkinsmademefeelthatIhadmyown

strengths.

第三部分写作

第一节应用文写作（满分15分）

假如你叫李华，高中一年级的新生，请你制定一个周末的活动计划，并用英语给你的英国笔友Alan写

一封电子邮件，说明你的活动安排。

主要活动内容包括：

1.上午在家读书；下午与家人和朋友外出活动。

2.到朋友家附近的公园捡垃圾。

3.你对本次活动的期待。

注意：

1.邮件字数：80词左右。

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，但邮件中不能出现真实的人名、地名。

3.邮件的开头和结尾已经给击，不计入总词数。

DearAlan,

I'mgoingtoenjoymyselfduringthecomingweekend.

Yours,

LiHua.

初升高衔接教材单元分层必练01（解析版）

英语

笔试部分

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Belowyouwillfindaprofileofeachgapyearprogramme.Ifthereisaspecificprogrammeyouareinterested

inoraquestionyouhaveregardingtheseprogrammes,pleasefeelfreetocontactthemdirectly.

YouthInternational

Since1997,YouthInternationalhasbeenprovidingmanypeoplewiththemostexcitingandeducational

experienceoftheirlife.Itisalearningprogramme(hatcombinesinternationaltravel,inter-culturalexchange,home

stays,volunteercommunityserviceworkandoutdooradventures.

Phone:720-270-3323

CarpeDiemEducation

Throughvolunteerservice,travelandculturalexchange,studentsofCarpeDiemEducationreceiveapersonal

insightintothemselvesandtheircultures.Wespecializeinguidingsummerandsemesterprogrammesforhigh

schoolstudents.Eachcourseiscarefullycraftedtodevelopleadershipandself-awarenesswithinourstudents,who

returnhomebetterpreparedtobeleadersinthoughtandaction.

Phone:503-285-1800

CentreforInterimProgrammes

Foundedin1980,CentreforInterimProgrammesisthefirstindependentgap-yearorganisationinAmerica.

Basedonstudents'interestsandbudget,ourexperiencedteachershelpmakeindividualcoursechoicesincluding

low-costvolunteeroptions,languageprogrammes,researchtrips,andsoon.Wearecommittedtohelpingstudents

findmoreexperiencesofformaleducationandwork.

Phone:413-585-0980

EFGapYear

EFGapYearoffersstudentstheabilityEOexploreseveralcountrieswhereyouwillleamalanguage,volunteer

foragoodcause,andgaininternationalworkexperience.Choosebetweena12-wccksemesteranda26-wcek

academicyear.Youcanthenpersonalizeyourprogrammetomeetyourlearninggoalsandinterestsbydeciding

where,when,andhowyouwishtostudyonyourown.Ourwell-structuredcurriculumevenallowsyoutoplaceout

oicollege-levelclassesandearnadvancedcreditstowardsgraduation.

Phone:800-726-9746

1.Whichphonenumbercanyoudialifyouwanttoimproveyourleadership?

A.720-270-3323.

B.503-285-1800.

C.413-585-0980.

D.800-726-9746.

2.WhalisEFGapYear'suniquefeature?

A.Itsreasonablefee.

B.Itsexperiencedteachers.

C.Itspersonalizedprogramme.

D.Itsdiversecurriculumchoices.

3.Whatdothefourprogrammeshaveincommon?

A.Theypayattentiontovolunteerservicework.

B.Theycombineeducationwithhomestays.

C.Theymainlyoffercross-culturaleducation.

D.Theyraisestudents'interestinadventures.

B

Itwasacoldwinter.Thewindblewallnightandthesnowwasblinding.Whenthemorningcame,mythree

childrenandIgotupandmadeourwaytothewindows.Aswelookedoutofthewindow,wesawthatthehen

housewasgone.Ourthreehenshadbeenblownaway.

Ilookedattheemptinessoutside.ThenIsawallthreechickenssittingaroundtheedgeofawhitebucket.How

wasthisviolentwindnotblowingthemintothefieldbeyond?Iquicklypulledonmyhusband'slongsnowpants

andheavywintercoat,wrappedascarfandstuckmyfeetintoverylargeboots.

Ishoutedatthewindasitblew.Iwasalone,exceptmychildren.Theystaredoutofthewindowintothevast

whiteseaofsnowandtheireyespeeledforanysignofmovement.OutsideIheardthesoundofmybootsasI

walkedagainstthewind.

Thesnowcirclingaroundme,Isteadilymademywaytothesoftcluck-cluck-clucksoundmyhensalways

made.WhenIreachedthem,Isawthattheirlittlefeetwereholdingontotheedgeofthebucket,headsbentforward

andawayfromthewind.Igentlyliftedeachhenandputitcarefullyintothewarminside.ThenIbeganthe

freezingwalkbacktothesmallsheddirectlybehindourhouse.OnebyoneIlaidmychickensonthecoldfloor,and

theybegantoclucksoftly.

AsIshutthesheddoors,myeyeswentdirectlytothewindowwheremychildrenwerewatching.They

jumpedupanddowncheering,andsodidI!Iwasn'tsomedragonslayer（屠杀者）fromafairytale.Iwassimplya

mom»butthelookonmychildren'sfacestoldmethattheythoughtIwasaheromom.

4.Seeingallthreechickenssittingaroundthebucket,theauthorfelt.

A.incredibleB.worried

C.shyD.confident

5.Howdidtheauthorreachthehens?

A.Bysearchingforthewhitebucket.

B.Bywearingprotectiveclothes.

C.Byfollowingthesoundofthehens.

D.Byshoutingatthehenhouse.

6.Fromthestory>weknowthat.

A.theauthor'schildrenlikeddragonslayers

B.thechildrenwatchedtheirmotheralltheway

C.theauthorstruggledtobeahero

D.theauthorenjoyedherselfinthesnow

7.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WeatherintheExtreme

B.HensinTrouble

C.KindnessinNeed

D.HerointheSnow

C

Everyyear,countlessindividualsareimpactedbycancer.Ourgoalistowalkawayfromcanceraswegive

strengthtothosefightingthislife-threateningdisease.WalkCancerAwayinviteseveryonetoparticipateinour

annualfamily-friendlywalkeventandjointogethertosharethestrongwillpowerfoundinsideeachofuswith

thosearoundus.Witheachstepwetake,witheachstoryshared»andwitheachdonationmade,weareonestep

closertofindingacure.Todate,wehaveraisedover$700,000forDr.NancyKeneny'sColorectal(结肠宜肠的)

ResearchFundatMemorialSloganKetteringCancerCenter(MSKCC),togetherwiththousandsofpeople

supportingthiscauseoverthelast12yearswearecommittedto.

WalkCancerAwaybeganasawalkinhonorofJamesN.Rentas.Deeplyinfluencedbyhislossdueto

colorectalcancer,theRentasfamilycametogether)2yearsagotohelpotherswhoaresufferingthe

disease.Dr.NancyKemenyatMemorialSloganKetteringCancerCenter,whowasthedoctortreatingJames

N.Rentas,mirrorsthatsamegoal.HereffortsandthatofherteamatMSKCCarefocusedonresearchingto

overcomethediseaseandfindacure.

Together,theyhavemadegreatachievementsovertheyearsandhaveprovidedyearsoflifefbrthosewho

faceadversity.Inmanycases,theircontinuedeffortshaveledtofullremissionofthecancerinpatients.Withthe

deepestgratitudewearethankfultoallthosewhosupportandparticipateintheeventeachyear,becausewithout

youthiswouldnotbepossible.

AlthoughWalkCancerAwaystartedjust12yearsago,wearcforeverhonoredtobeabletojoininthisevent

thatsomanyofusfindsoclosetoourhearts.Weaskyou,yourfamily,andyourfriendstojoininthisyear'sWalk

CancerAwayEvent.

8.WhatdoesWalkCancerAwayintendtodo?

A.lbcontactthosesufferingfromcancer.

B.Toshareexperiencesfromcancervictims.

C.Tbgivemoneytocancerpatients*family.

D.Tbfindawaytodefeatcanceratlength.

9.WhatdoweknowaboutJamesN.RentasaccordingtoPara.2?

A.Hediedofcancer.

B.Hegaveawayhisfortune.

C.Hedidresearchoncancer.

D.HefoundedWalkAwayCancer.

10.Dr.NancyandherteamatMSKCChaveprovidedyearsoflifeforthosefacing.

A.anunfavorablesituationfromnature

B.aseriousdiseasehardtocure

C.alossofafamilymember

D.anunpleasanttreatment

11.Whydoestheauthormakethisspeech?

A.Tbintroducethehistoryofanevent.

B.lbraisemoneyforcancerresearch.

C.Tocallonpeopletojoinintheactivity.

D.Tbexpressthankstoallthepeopletakingpart.

D

Somethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicines,sayUK

researchers.

Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine,foundincocoa,wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthan

codeine,whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.

TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadto

moreeftectivecoughtreatment."Whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful（有害的）itcanhaveamajoreffecton

thequalityoflife,andthisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem,“saidProfessorPeter

Barnes.

Tenhealthyvolunteers（志愿者）weregiventheobromine,codeineorplacebo,apillthatcontainsnomedicine,

duringtheexperiment.Neitherthevolunteersnortheresearchersknewwhoreceivedwhichpill.Theresearchers

thenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicin,whichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthe

medicinearesloppingcoughs.

Theteamfoundthat,whenthevolunteersweregiventheobromine,thecapsaicinneedtoproduceacoughwas

aroundathirdhigherthanintheplacebogroup.Whentheyweregivencodeinetheyneedonlyslightlyhigher

leversofcapsaicintocauseacoughcomparedwiththeplacebo.

Theresearcherssaidthattheobromineworkedbykeepingdownanerveactivity（神经活动），whichcause

coughing.Theyalsofoundthatunlikesomestandardcoughtreatments,theobrominecausednosideeffectssuchas

sleepiness.

12.WhatisthefunctionoftheobromineaccordingtoProfessorBarnes?

A.Itcannotbeaseffectiveascodeine

B.Itcanbeharmfultopeople'shealth

C.Itcannotbeseparatedfromchocolate

D.Itcanbeamoreeffectivecureforcoughs

13.Whatwasusedintheexperimenttocausecoughing?

A.Theobromine.B.Codeine.C.Capsaicin.D.Placebo.

14.Welearnfromthetextthatvolunteersintheexperiment.

A.werepatientswithbadcoughs

B.weredividedintothethreegroups

C.receivedstandardtreatments

D.sufferedlittlesideeffects

15.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Codeine:ANewMedicineB.ChocolateMayCureCoughs

C.CoughTreatment:AHardCase