2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS预习新知早知道学案含解析新人教版必修第一册

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSⅠ.匹配词义()1.drought A．atubethroughwhichliquidsandgases canflow()2.brick B．砖；砖块()3.metal C．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风()4.context D．n.&v.碰撞；撞击n．撞车；碰撞()5.crash E．上下文；语境；背景()6.hurricane F．alongperiodoftimewhenthereislittle ornorain()7.pipe G．金属()8.sweepaway H．露天；在户外()9.intheopenair I．歼灭；彻底消退()10.inruins J．destroyedorseverelychanged[答案]1－5FBGED6－10CAIHJⅡ.默写单词1．disastern．灾难；灾难2．rescuen．&vt.营救；救援3．damagevt.损害；破坏n．损失；损坏4．destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭5．affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动6．electricityn．电；电能7．effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力8．powern．电力供应；能量；力气；限制力9．calmadj.冷静的；镇静的vt.使安静；使冷静10．delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vtⅠ.语境填空flooded，waving，shelter，survive，shock，buried，trap，disasters，supplied，delivered1．Peopleintheearthquake­strickenareaareinneedoffood，medicineandshelter.2．Howdoesthefamilysurviveonsuchasmallmonthlywage?3．Latestreportssaythatmudslidesburiedthevillage.4．Hearingthatherhusbandwaskilledinthecaraccident，thewomanwentintoshock.5．Inordertocatchthebear，somevillagerssetatrapandcovereditwithsomeleaves.6．Thisisoneoftheworstdisastersthathavehitthearea.7．Hehassuppliedmewiththenecessaryinformation.8．Doyouhaveyourmilkdeliveredtoyourhouseeveryday?9．Amaninthewaterwasshoutingandwavinghisarmsaroundwildly.10．Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Theysaidtheydidnotwantwar,butifattackedtheywouldfighttothedeath(dead)．2．Iwonderwhatitwillbeliketobreathe(breath)suchcleanandfreshair.3．Weallgotshocked(shock)atthestory.4．Thelength(long)ofaparagraphdependsontheinformation.5．Hegaveanexampleofbraveryandwisdom(wise)．6．Alanlookedathimandsaidcalmly(calm)，“Idon'tbelieveyou.”7．Havingbeenpredictedonedayahead，thevolcaniceruption(erupt)didn'tdosomuchdamage.8．Themedicineiseffective(effect)tothepatient.9．Heformedahabitofsummarizing(summary)whathehadlearned.10．Hewastheonlysurvivor(survive)oftheaccident.1．Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell，roseandfell.连续几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。2．Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.坚硬的石山变成了泥土的河流。3．Buthopewasnotlost.但是希望尚存。4．Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.渐渐地，这座城市又起先复原朝气。5．InSriLanka，some1,600kilometreswestofthequakecentre，thenumberofdeathsstoodat2,498...在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1600千米处，死亡人数高达2498人……词语助读①northeastern/ˌnɔːθ'iːstən/adj.东北部的；来自东北部的southwestern/ˌsaʊθ'westən/adj.西南部的；西南的②well/wel/n.井③rise/raIz/v.上升；起床④smelly/'smelI/adj.有难闻气味的⑤asleep/ə'sliːp/adj.睡着的(为表语形容词)fallasleep睡着fast/soundasleep熟睡⑥asusual像平常一样⑦shake/ʃeIk/v．(shook，shaken)(使)抖动，摇动⑧cometoanend结束⑨directly/də'rektlI/adv.恰好，正好地；径直；马上conj.一……就……directlybelow/ahead正下方/正前方⑩deadly/'dedlI/adj.(deadlier，deadliest)致命的；十足的，彻底的adv.极其，特别⑪morethan超过；不仅仅；特别nomorethan仅仅；不超过⑫waterway/'wɔːtəweI/n．水路，航道landway/landroute陆路airroute航线⑬inruins严峻受损；破败不堪ruin/'ruːIn/n.&vt.破坏；毁坏⑭thenumberof...……的数量。后跟可数名词复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。⑮survivor/sə'vaIvə(r)/n.生还者；生还者survival/sə'vaIvl/n.生存；幸存；存活⑯gone/ɡɒn/adj.不复存在；用完了；(人)离开了。为形容词化的过去分词，在句中常作表语。⑰blow...away把……吹走；把……驱散⑱railwaytrack铁路轨道trackn．轨道；(人)踩出的小道；踪迹v．跟踪⑲useless/'juːsləs/adj.没用的[反义]usefuladj.有用的⑳insteadof代替，作为……的替换(后跟名词、代词、v.­ing)eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))inshock震惊；惊讶(通常作表语)shock/ʃɒk/n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))falldown倒塌；跌倒fallover跌倒eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))electricity/Iˌlek'trIsəti/n.电；电能eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))digout挖掘出；找出，发觉eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))trap/træp/vt.(trapped，trapped)使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱betrappedin...被困在……中eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))bury/'beri/vt.安葬；安葬beburiedin...被埋于……里面；埋头于……eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))medicalcare医疗护理eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))breathe/briːð/vi.&vt.呼吸breath/breθ/n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))revive/rI'vaIv/vt.&vi.复活；(使)醒悟revival/rI'vaIvl/n.振兴；复苏eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))onone'sfeet站着，站立eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))tireless/'taIələs/adj.不知疲乏的，精力充足的tiredadj.疲乏的，疲惫的eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))effort/'efət/n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))prove/pruːv/vt.证明；证明linkingverb后来被发觉是，最终显现为eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))intimesof...在……时候attimes有时eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))unify/'juːnIfaI/vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体unifiedadj.统一的eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))wisdom/'wIzdəm/n.才智；才智eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))rebuild/ˌriː'bIld/vt.重建，重组原文呈现THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastern①Hebei.Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewells②rose③andfell，roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmelly④gascomingoutofit[1]．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat[2]，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide[3]，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：00a．m.,on28July1976，brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity'sonemillionpeoplewereasleep⑤asusual⑥thatnight.[1]“comingoutofit”在此为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。gas与come之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。[2]此处为“too...to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”。[3]“lookingforplacestohide”在此为现在分词短语作伴随状语，Mice与lookfor之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，“找寻”与“跑”同时进行。At3：42a．m.，everythingbegantoshake⑦.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend⑧！[4]Elevenkilometresdirectly⑨belowthecity，oneofthemostdeadly⑩earthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan⑪150kilometresawayinBeijing[5]．Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit！Ahugecrack，eightkilometreslongand30metreswide，cutacrosshouses，roads，andwaterways⑫.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayinruins⑬.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.[6]Thenumberof⑭peoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.[4]本句中asif引导表语从句，该从句运用了虚拟语气。[5]“aquakethatevencaused...inBeijing”为“oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakes”的同位语，其中“thatevencaused...inBeijing”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词aquake，that在从句中作主语。[6]此处为“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构的被动形式。Everywheresurvivors⑮looked，therewasnothingbutruins.[7]Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes，andallofitshospitalsweregone⑯.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves，butnowindcouldblowthemaway⑰.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.[8]Therailwaytracks⑱werenowuseless⑲piecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcows，hundredsofthousandsofpigs，andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadof⑳water.Peoplewereinshockeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))—andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldowneq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Water，food，andelectricityeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast[9]．[7]“Everywheresurvivorslooked”是地点状语从句。Everywhere既是地点副词，也作连词，引导地点状语从句。主句中用了“nothingbut...”结构，but是介词，意为“除……之外”；该结构后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式，假如nothing前面有实义动词do时，后跟的动词不定式要省略to。[8]此处是“主语＋be＋adj.(＋forsb.)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。下文中的“Water，food，andelectricitywerehardtoget”也属于此句型。[9]how在此作连接副词，引导宾语从句，同时作状语修饰形容词long。Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigouteq\o(○,\s\up1(24))thosewhoweretrappedeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))andtoburyeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))thedead.[10]Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcareeq\o(○,\s\up1(27)).Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain，truck，andplane.Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))again.[10]本句中“todigout...andtoburythedead”为两个并列的动词不定式作目的状语，其中whoweretrapped为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those；先行词为those且指人时，定语从句要用who引导。thedead表示“死者”，属于“the＋adj.”结构。Tangshanstartedtoreviveeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))itselfandgetbackuponitsfeeteq\o(○,\s\up1(30)).Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseq\o(○,\s\up1(31))effortseq\o(○,\s\up1(32))ofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople，withgreatimprovementsintransportation，industry，andenvironment.Tangshancityhasprovedeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))toChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))disaster，peoplemustunifyeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))andshowthewisdomeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))tostaypositiveandrebuildeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))forabrighterfuture.[11][11]本句运用了“proveto..