2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS教学知识细解码学案含解析新人教版必修第一册

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS1．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivorn．生还者；生还者→survivaln．幸存；生存；幸存事物2．deadadj.无生命的→dievi.死；死亡→deathn．死；死亡3．shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.感到震惊的4．breathn．呼吸→breathevi.&vt.呼吸5．revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)醒悟→revivaln6．unifyvi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体→unitevi.&vt.团结7．suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦→sufferingn．熬煎；苦难1．affectvt.影响；深深打动；(疾病)侵袭①FromtheexperienceIlearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.影响②Shewasaffectedbythesadstory.深深打动③Influenza(流感)canaffectanybodyinanyagegroup.侵袭2．sheltern．避难处；居所；庇护vt.爱护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危急)①Treesshelterthehousefromthewind.爱护②Wesatintheshade，shelteringfromthesun.躲避③Theyliveintheshelterssetupbythegovernment.避难所3．waven．海浪；波浪；涌现的(或事物)vi.&vt.挥手；左右摇摆；招手①Deewatchedthewavesbreakingontherocks.海浪②Tommywavedtousashecameacrossthefield.挥手③Anewwaveoffashionscame.涌现的人(或事物)WordsandPhrases学问要点1rescuen．&vt.救援；营救(教材P48)Whataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoingintheflood­hitarea?救援人员和士兵在洪水灾区做什么？[例1]Thepolicecametohisrescueandsenthimhome.警察救了他，并把他送回了家。[例2]Alargenumberofsoldiersweresenttheretorescuethosetrappedinthebuilding.大批士兵被派往那里营救被困在大楼里的人。[学问拓展](1)rescuesb./sth.from... 把……从……营救出来(2)cometoone'srescue 来营救某人arescueteam 救援队[即学即练]单句语法填空①Atmidnightwefinallyrescued(rescue)thetouristswhoweretrappedinthevalley.②Thefirefightersrescuedfivechildrenfromtheburninghouseyesterday.③Themother,alongwithhertwochildren,was_rescued(rescue)fromthesinkingboat.[小片段填空]Assoonastheaccidenthappened，therescueteamcametothevictims'rescue，andtheydidn'tgiveupanyhopeofrescuingthemfromdanger.(rescue)学问要点2damagevt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失(教材P48)WhichbuildingsweredamagedinSeoul?首尔哪些建筑被毁？[例1]Don'tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.不要为了好身材而损害你的健康。[例2]Thiscouldcauseseriousdamagetothecountry'seconomy.这可能对国家的经济造成严峻破坏。[学问拓展](1)do/causedamageto 给……带来/造成毁坏(2)bebadlydamaged 遭遇严峻损害damageone'shealth 损害某人的健康[即学即练]完成句子/一句多译①Itcaused/did_damage_totheincomeofthelocalfarmers.它给当地农夫的收入造成了损失。②Theymanagedtorepairthehousesthatwere_badly_damaged.他们尽力修复严峻受损的房屋。③众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。a．Asweallknow，smokingcando/cause_damage_to_our_health.(damagen．)b．Itiswellknownthatsmokingcandamage_our_health.(damagevt.)学问要点3ruinn．&vt.破坏；毁坏(教材P50)Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayinruins.在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。[例1]Thatmistakeruinedhischanceofgettingthejob.那个错误使他失去了得到那份工作的机会。[例2]Theancienttemplehasfallenintoruinsandneedsrepairing.这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，须要修理。[学问拓展](1)be/lieinruins 成为废墟；毁灭fallintoruins 成为废墟；毁灭(2)ruinone'shope/chance 使某人的希望破灭/机会失去ruinoneself 自我毁灭[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined(ruin)”it，nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.②WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodinruins(ruin)．③Atthattimemywifewas_ruining(ruin)herhealththroughworry.学问要点4shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(教材P50)Peoplewereinshock—andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.人们都很震惊——然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震再次侵袭了唐山。[例1]Itwasquiteashocktoseemyfaceonthatscreen!从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已！[例2]Itshockedmetoseehowmyneighbourstreatedtheirchildren.我邻居对待他们孩子的方式让我很是震惊。[学问拓展](1)inshock 震惊；惊讶beashockto... 使……惊讶(2)shockedadj. 震惊的；惊异的beshockedat/by 对……惊讶beshockedtodosth. 做某事很惊讶(3)shockingadj. 令人震惊的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thegirlwastooshocked(shock)todescribewhathadhappenedbeforethevolcanoerupted.②WhatIknowisthatalmost10,000peoplelosttheirlivesinthefloodslastyear.It'sreallyshocking(shock)．③EverystaffwasinshockwhenhearingtheywouldtakeatestonSundayinsteadofhavingapicnic.④ThenewsofthefamouswriterZhaLiangyong'sdeathcameasagreatshocktoeveryone.[小片段助记]Wewereallshockedattheshockingnewsthathewasstillinastateofshockaftertheaccident.However，whenhefinallycametohimselfhelookedatusinshock，knowingnothingabouttheaccident.学问要点5(教材P50)Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。(1)trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱[例1]Ifyouchoosethisway，you'relikelytofallintoatrap.假如你选择这条路，你很有可能会陷入圈套。[例2]Thecarwastrappedinthedeepsnow.汽车陷入了厚厚的积雪中。[学问拓展](1)betrapped 使陷入逆境trapo(doing)sth. 诱骗某人做某事(2)setatrap 设置陷阱；布下圈套fall/walkintoatrap 落入圈套[即学即练]写出下列句子中trap的词性及含义①Thepolicetrappedthethiefintoasituationwherehecouldnotescape.vt.使陷入圈套，使中计②Thefarmersetseveraltrapsformiceinthebarn(谷仓)．n.(捕获动物的)陷阱，圈套③Jack'sfellowworkersoftenturntohimforhelpwhentheyaretrappedintroublebecauseheisafountain(源泉)ofideas.vt.使陷入逆境[小片段填空]Thehuntersetatrapandtherabbitwastrappedinit.(trap)(2)buryvt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏[例1]Pinesquirrelssnackonthenutsandburythemonebyoneinshelteredhollows.松鼠爱吃坚果，并把它们逐个埋藏在隐藏的树洞里。[例2]Inthepastthreeweeks，wehavebeenburyingourselvesinstudybecausetheexamisdrawingnear.在过去的三个星期里，我们用心地学习，因为考试即将到来。[学问拓展](1)bury...in...把……埋到……里；使……沉醉于……buryone'sfaceinhands 双手掩面(2)beburiedin 埋头于；用心于；沉醉于buryoneselfin 埋头于；用心于；沉醉于[即学即练]一句多译①他用心致志地学习。a．He_buries/buried_himself_in_his_study.(buryoneself)b．He_is/was_buried_in_his_study.(beburiedin)②由于埋头读书，他不知道外面下雨了。a．Burying_himself_in_the_book，hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.(运用现在分词burying作状语)b．Buried_in_the_book，hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.(运用过去分词buried作状语)学问要点6effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(教材P50)Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.在政府的大力支持和人民坚持不懈的努力下，新的唐山从一片地震废墟中屹然崛起。[例1]AsfarasI'mconcerned，youshouldmakeagreaterefforttostudyhard.依我看来，你应当更加努力学习。[例2]It'salongclimbtothetop，butwellworththeeffort.爬到山顶须要很长时间，虽然费劲却很值得。[学问拓展]sparenoefforttodosth. 不遗余力地做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(makeanefforttodosth.,makegreateffortstodosth.)) 努力做某事[即学即练]一句多译我们将全力以赴帮助你，但你必需做好迎接各种困难的打算。a．We'llmake_every_effort_to_helpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.b．We'llspare_no_effort_to_helpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.c．We'llmake_great_efforts_to_helpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.学问要点7suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦(教材P51)Whatkindofhelpdoyouthinkpeoplewhohavesufferedanearthquakeneed?你认为地震灾民须要什么样的帮助？[例1]Therewasagirlstudentinhisclasswhosufferedfromaseriousbackdisease.在他班里有一位女学生患有严峻的背部疾病。[例2]Hesufferedgreatpainsasaresultoftheaccident.由于那次事故，他遭遇了很大苦痛。[学问拓展](1)sufferfrom 患……病；因……而受苦sufferfromcoldandhunger 忍饥挨冻(2)sufferingn. 苦难；苦痛sufferern. 受难者[明辨异同]sufferfrom/suffersufferfrom表示“遭遇斗争、自然灾难所带来的苦难”及“患病”，后跟awar，theflood，cough，headache，flu等。suffer其宾语通常是表示损失、失败、苦痛等抽象意义的词，如pain，loss，punishment，disappointment等。[即学即练]用suffer，sufferfrom填空/完成句子①I'msuffering_fromareallackoftimethisweek.②Theysufferedhugelossesinthefinancialcrisis.③Fortunatelyhesuffered_no_pain.幸好他没感到难受。④Hesuffered_fromallkindsofdiseasesinthoseyears.那些年他身患各种各样的疾病。[小片段填空]Theoldmanhassufferedalotthroughouthislife.Hesufferedfromwarandhungerwhenhewasyoung.Lastmonth,hisson'sdeathbroughthimmoresufferings.Now,withthehelpofhisneighboursandthegovernment,hislifebeginstoturnforthebetter.(suffer)SentencePatterns重点句式1too...to...太……不……(教材P50)Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.鸡，甚至猪都惊慌得吃不下东西，狗也不情愿进圈舍里。[句式分析]本句是一个并列句。在第一个分句中，句子的主语是Chickensandevenpigs，动词不定式短语toeat作结果状语。[例1]Iwastooyoungtounderstandthemeaningofthefilm.＝IwassoyoungthatIcan'tunderstandthemeaningofthefilm.我年龄太小，还不能理解这部电影的含义。[例2]Theproblemistoodifficultformetosettle.＝TheproblemissodifficultthatIcan'tsettleit.这个问题太难了，我解决不了。[学问拓展](1)too＋adj./adv.(forsb.)todosth....意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义；too后接形容词或副词，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，动词不定式表示否定意义。(2)too...to...结构表示确定意义的状况：①当too之后跟的是表示主语的看法、情感、心情或倾向的词，如glad，eager，anxious，happy，ready，nervous，pleased等时；②当“too...to...”结构中含有not或never等否定词时；③当too前有only，just，simply，all，but等词时。[即学即练]同义句转换/完成句子①Thehouseisnotcheapenoughformetobuy.→Thehouseistoo_expensive_for_me_to_buy.→Thehouseisso_expensive_that_I_can't_buy.②Hearingthenews，theteacherwassohappy.→Theteacherwastoo_happy_to_hearthenews.③Heistoo_clever_not_to_understand_this.他太聪慧，不会不明白这一点。④Wearetoo_ready_to_help_you.我们很乐意帮助你。重点句式2asif/asthough仿佛；似乎(教材P50)Itseemedas_iftheworldwerecomingtoanend!仿佛世界末日即将来临！[句式分析]1Itseemedasif...这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。2asif＝asthough意为“仿佛；似乎”，引导的从句，常放在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系动词之后作表语。[例1]Lookatthecloudsinthesky！Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看看天上的乌云！看起来将要下雨。[例2]Hurryup！Itlooksasifthetrainisgoingtomove.快点！看起来火车要开了。[学问拓展](1)asif从句用陈述语气：从句表示的状况是真实的或极有可能发生的；(2)asif从句用虚拟语气：①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)；②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)；③从句用would/could/mightdo形式(与将来的事实相反)。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①HetreatsmeasifIwere(be)hisowndaughter.②Theytalkedasif/thoughtheyhad_been(be)friendsforyears.③Itseemsas_if_the_noise_comes_from_downstairs.噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。④HetalksaboutRomeas_if_he_had__been_therebefore.他说起罗马来似乎他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)⑤Itseemsas_if_our_team_is_going_to_win.看来我们队要胜了。1．Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.[分析]本句主句为：one_of_the_most_deadly_earthquakes_of_the_20th_century_had_begun，thatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing为定语从句修饰先行词aquake，aquake与oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcentury是同位语。[译文]在城市正下方11千米处，20世纪最致命的一场地震爆发了，就连150千米以外的北京也遭遇了此次地震带来的损害。2．Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.[分析]本句主句为：the_army_sent_150,000_soldiers_to_Tangshan;_todigout...andtoburythedead为动词不定式作目的状语；whoweretrapped为定语从句修饰先行词those。[译文]地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。教材高考1.2,400homesdestroyedIt'sdestroyingtheenvironment.(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)2.82killed,500,000affectedAthletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.(2024·江苏卷)3.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled...(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)4.However，dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.Oncethebookyou'verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch，theywillinformyoubye­mail，soyoucanpickitup.(2024·天津卷)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisasters(disaster)evertohitthearea.2．Theoldmanwentthroughalotofsufferings(suffer)intheolddays.3．Trapped(trap)intheruins，thegirlstillheldapositiveattitude.4．Thoughthesoldiershavebeenworkingforfifteenhours，theycarryonlookingforsurvivors(survive)undertheruins.5．Thenoiseistooloudto_stand(stand),soshecan'tlivehereanylonger.6．Theletterwascorrectlyaddressed，butdelivered(deliver)tothewronghouse.7．Allthelistenersweregreatlyshocked(shock)whentheyheardtheterriblenewsonradio.8．Buried(bury)undertheruins，thelittlegirlwasratherfrightened.9．WhatIlearnabouttheviolenceisthatithascausedatleastthreedeaths(die)．10．Anewstudyshowsthatpeopleare_affected(affect)todifferentextentsbywhattheyseeontelevision.Ⅱ.短语填空thinkof,asif，lookup,asusual,sufferfrom，inruins,setup，digout，inshock，gothrough1．Let'sthink_ofsomequestionsaboutlife.2．Theyset_upschools，factoriesandhospitalsinthispoorarea.3．Weallknowthatwecan'tliveas_usualwithoutgoodhealth.4．Ifyoucan'tkeephealthy，youwilloftensuffer_fro