备战2025届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读技巧篇专题19主旨大意题解答技巧含解析

专题19主旨大意题解答技巧主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳实力。◆主旨大意题的分类1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能须要从上下文中寻找或总结。2.考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。◆设问特点1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。2.正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨推断精确。3.错误选项的特点经常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。4.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等词提问。◆常考问题1.中心思想类Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Thepassagemainlydiscusses…Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2.标题类Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe…3.目的类Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…Thepassageismeantto….Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto…文章主题经常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种状况：1.中心主题句出现在文首开宗明义，提出主题，随之用细微环节来说明、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。新闻报道通常就采纳这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”事实上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。（2024·天津卷.其次次）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.1.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.A.proposeadefinitionB.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusionD.presentanargument2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.3.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.B.Developaquestioningmind.C.Leadalifeofadventure.D.Followthefashion.4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.5.Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB.ReflectionsonHumanNatureC.TheKeystoAchievementD.NeverTooLatetoLearn【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.C5.C【分析】本文是一篇争论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——新奇心和不满足。1.推理推断题。依据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.可知，作者经过多年对人性的视察，认为成就非凡的人和平凡的人的区分在于新奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。2.推理推断题。依据其次段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上全部的伟人都感到新奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告知我们，宏大来自于长久的探究欲望。故选D。3.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.可知，历史上全部的伟人都感到新奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是宏大的人。”然而，我们大多数人的确失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培育了一个擅长提问的头脑，来重新获得新奇心和不满。故选B。4.推理推断题。依据第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.及第七段中的Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.以及列举了ThomasCostain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，GrandmaMoses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告知我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不实行行动的理由”。故选C。5.主旨大意题。依据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——新奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项TheKeystoAchievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。2.主题句出现在文尾在细微环节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细微环节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。ThefamousAmericangorilla(大猩猩)expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgettingdownonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasintheMist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster(afrighteninganimal),andhelpedtoshowanewidea:therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaistobeadmired.Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthewild.FromtheCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthereast,theyareendangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.Sometimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNature.Ithadtwophotossidebyside.Onewasofayounggorilla.“Thisisaspeciesofmammal(哺乳类动物),”saidthewordsbelowit.“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.Thewordsalsoread,“Thisisaspeciesofmammal,”butthenwenton:“Itisthemostdestructive(破坏性的)onearth.Wemustretrainitforitsowngood.”56.Thetextmainlytalksabout_____.A.DianeFosseyB.thegorillasinRwandaC.theprotectionofthegorillasD.thefilmGorillasintheMist【答案】C【解析】文章第一段谈到DianeFossey对大猩猩的探讨；其次段谈到依据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段谈到了大猩猩数量削减的缘由；最终一段谈到爱护大猩猩的宣扬的措施。前面三段都是为最终一段做铺垫的，从最终一段的“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”可知，最主要的目的还是要人们爱护大猩猩。3.首尾呼应的写作方法为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简洁的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaballintothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheballatahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.1.Thepassageismainlyabout___________.A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada【答案】D【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，明显选项D最符合短文的主题。4.中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句阅读这样的文章，就要求考生依据文章的细微环节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。（2024·全国卷II）Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.6.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.7.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.8.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.9.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram.【答案】6.B7.C8.D9.B【分析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力嬉戏的探讨，介绍了探讨考虑的因素，探讨过程和结果。6.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力嬉戏的儿童在空间实力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力嬉戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.Developingspatialskills(发展空间实力)符合以上说法，故选B项。7.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine说，在父母的收入、教化和父母谈话次数方面限制差异性之后，拼图嬉戏被发觉是一个重要的认知预料)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教化程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.(父母的教化)符合以上说法，故选C项。8.细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜爱玩困难的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他们有可能玩更困难的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。9.主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力嬉戏的探讨，介绍了探讨考虑的因素，探讨过程和结果。所以是关于科学探讨的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学探讨)符合以上说法，故选B项。5.主题句出现在文章的中间通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细微环节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的说明、支撑或发展。（2024年1月·浙江卷）Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Keyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime，thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool."Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers，"Padilla-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence-whichcanbetaught-arekeytoachild'slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid，demandingorcontrolling.Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主权).Inthestudy，about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.10.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors'study?A.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting.B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.D.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.11.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoretheirdemands. B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Controltheirbehaviors. D.Explaintherulestothem.12.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Singleparents.B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers.D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.13.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers.B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture.C.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather.D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance.【答案】10.A11.D12.A13.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。探讨人员发觉，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。探讨人员认为，父亲们须要采纳一种“权威”的哺育方式，且一项重要的发觉是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培育出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成果。10.细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.（杨百翰高校的探讨人员发觉，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知杨百翰高校探讨的特殊之处在于，它关注的是父亲在哺育子女中的角色。故选A。11.推理推断题。依据第四段中Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy.（相反，权威的哺育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子们感受到来自父亲的温温煦爱；强调责任和规则背后的缘由；孩子们被赐予适当的自主权）可知一个有权威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们说明规则。故选D。12.细微环节理解题。依据最终一段最终一句Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.（然而，探讨人员认为，单亲父母仍旧可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是将来探讨的一个方向）可知依据探讨人员的说法，单亲父母是将来探讨的重点。故选A。13.主旨大意题。依据文章倒数其次段中Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.（一项重要的发觉是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培育出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成果）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在哺育子女中的角色，故选C选项“孩子们倾向于向父亲学习决心”最符合文章标题。故选C。I.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1Youcan’timaginehowterribleIfeltatthattime.Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlaps(圆圈)andthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelatertoldmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamedthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust(重新调整).NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Althoughmyanklewasverypainful,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwassohungry!AsIcametomile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.1.Howdidheauthorfeelamonthbeforethemarathon?A.Anxious. B.Frightened.C.Wellprepared. D.Confident.2.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Tothankthesupportofhisteacher. B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports. D.Toshareavaluablememory.3.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit. B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize. D.Hewalkedtotheend.4.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn. B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill. D.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.C【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲解并描述了自己第一次参与马拉松过程。竞赛前一个月的因脚踝受伤而少了两星期的训练，自己坚持不放弃，然后是克服竞赛途中的种种艰辛与困难，最终完成全程抵达终点，，经受住了毅志的考验，可以称自己是“马拉松赢家”。1.推理推断题。依据第一段第一、二句“Youcan’timaginehowterribleIfeltatthattime.Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.”可知，你想象不到那个时候我的感觉有多么的糟糕。在我的第一次马拉松竞赛前一个月，我的一只脚踝受伤了，这意味着有两周时间我不能跑，只有两周时间训练。由此可知，赛前受伤，作者的心情是焦虑惊慌的。故选A项。2.推理推断题。依据其次段最终两句“Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelatertoldmethatIwas“notathletic”.”可知，两样运动我都做得不好。他后来告知我说我是“不擅长运动”。由此可知，作者提到七年级的体育课来表明他在体育方面没有天赋。故选C项。3.细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段句子“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!”可知，我是最终完成全程的运动员之一。但是我完成了全程！由此可知，作者完成了全程马拉松竞赛。故选A项。4.主旨大意题。依据赛前的第三段句子“Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!(它是一场我自身身体与意志力的斗争。一个意志的测试)”和最终一段“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.(由于下定决心成为自己，向前跑，不怕惭愧与世俗标签，我现在能称自己是一个“马拉松赢家”)”可知，这个故事主要告知我们，一个获胜者是一个努力、有毅力的人。故选C项。2Thegreat18th-centuryauthorMontesquieuonceputit,“Ihaveneverknownanystressthatanhour’sreadingdoesnotreduce."Andnowmanyargueforareturntothisviewofliteratureastherapy,evenusingtheword“bibliotherapy"（阅读疗法）todescribeit.Sowhatdoesliteratureprovide,beyondentertainment?Itcanactasaguide.ThosewhoshowgreatrespectforShakespeare,MiltonorProustshouldkeepinmindthateventhemostfamousauthorwasstillahumanbeing.Inotherwords,greatwritershavebeenthroughthesamethingsasyou.Likeyou,theyfoundthemselvesinthisstrangeworldandtheytriedtomakesenseofit.Andthisiswhatmostliteratureconsistsof:peopletryingtomakesenseoftheworld.Nomatterwhatyourfearsorconcernsmaybe,chancesaresomegreatwriterhaswrittenaboutthem.Beforeseeking（寻求）suggestions,citherfromaprofessionalorawell-readfriend,beclearaboutwhatistroublingyou.Forexample,let'ssayyouwereraisedinareligious（信仰宗教的）familybutnow,inlaterlife,havelostyourfaith（信仰）.Thisispainfultoyouandyoufeelemptyandalone.Countlesswritershavegonedownthispathbeforeyouandhavefoundawayout—theGermanpoetandnovelistHermannHesse,forexample,wrotethewonderfullittlenovelSiddarthaaboutthissearchforspiritualpeace.Itwouldalsohelptoconsideryourparticularlifestage.Someonefromapoorbackgroundabouttosetoffforagreatcollegewillwantadifferentsetofreadingfromaretiredwomanwhosehusbandhasdied.Totakeanotherexample,let'simagineyouhadachildhoodofabuse（虐待）.Foryearsyouhavesufferedfromdepression.Inthatcase,youcouldtryEdwardStAubyn'sThePatrickMelroseNovels.StAubyn'sfatherabusedhim,whilehismotherescapedintodrink,butAubynwroteaseriesofsplendidnovelsbasedonhislife,chartingaman'sjourneythroughthehardsituationofabuseandouttheotherend.5.WhydoestheauthorquoteMontesquieu?A.Tostresstheeffectofbibliotherapy. B.Toexplainwhatbibliotherapymeans.C.Totelluswhenbibliotherapycameintobeing. D.Toarguefortheuseofliteratureastherapy.6.Whatshouldyoudobeforeseekingsuggestionsonyourbooklist?A.Findoutwhichwriterhaswrittenaboutyourproblem.B.Knowwhatauthorshavegonethrough.C.Findouthowtoseekspiritualpeace.D.Knowwhatyourtroubleis.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?.A.Aubyn'snovelssuitpeoplewhohaveretired.B.Aubyn'snovelsaremainlyreadbyyoungreaders.C.Peopleshouldchoosenovelsaccordingtotheirinterest.D.Peopleofdifferentagesneeddifferentworksofliterature.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whatnovelsbestsuityou. B.Aformoftherapy:literature.C.Thegreatinfluenceofliterature. D.Theexperiencesofgreatwriters.【答案】5.A6.D7.D8.B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种治疗方式：阅读疗法，其指的是人们可以依据自己的状况和需求通过阅读来对生活中所遭遇的消极方面进行思想和心理上的治疗或者减轻压力，从而主动面对生活。5.推理推断题。依据第一段“Thegreat18th-centuryauthorMontesquieuonceputit,“Ihaveneverknownanystressthatanhour’sreadingdoesnotreduce.”(宏大的18世纪作家孟德斯鸠曾经说过:“我从未见过一小时的阅读没有减轻压力。”)可知孟德斯鸠对阅读减轻压力持特别确定和主动的看法，由此可推知作者在第一段引用孟德斯鸠的话是为了强调“阅读疗法”的效果，故选A项。6.细微环节理解题。依据第三段“Beforeseeking（寻求）suggestions,citherfromaprofessionalorawell-readfriend,beclearaboutwhatistroublingyou.”(在向专业人士或博学的挚友寻求建议之前，先弄清晰困扰你的是什么。)可知在寻求建议之前要先知道自己的困扰是什么，故选D项。7.推理推断题。依据最终一段“Itwouldalsohelptoconsideryourparticularlifestage.Someonefromapoorbackgroundabouttosetoffforagreatcollegewillwantadifferentsetofreadingfromaretiredwomanwhosehusbandhasdied.”(考虑一下你的生活阶段也会有所帮助。一个家境贫寒、即将进入一所好高校的人须要的阅读材料会和一位丈夫去世的退休妇女完全不同。)可知,不同阶段的人须要的文学作品也不一样。故选D项。8.主旨大意题。由第一段“Andnowmanyargueforareturntothisviewofliteratureastherapy,evenusingtheword“bibliotherapy"（阅读疗法）todescribeit.”(现在，很多人主见回来文学作为一种治疗的观点，甚至运用“阅读疗法”这个词来描述它。)可知提出了文章的主题“阅读疗法”，结合全文对阅读疗法的介绍和作用，阅读疗法应当选用的阅读材料等内容可知本文主要是在介绍一种治疗方式：文学。故选B项。3Birthdaysofteninvolvesurprises.Butthisyear'ssurpriseonthebirthdayofthegreatBritishplaywrightWilliamShakespeareissurelyoneofthemostdramatic.OnApril22,onedaybeforehis441stbirthdayanniversary,expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthemostrecognizableportraitsofWilliamShakespeareisafake.ThismeansthatwenolongerhaveagoodideaofwhatShakespearelookedlike.“It'sverypossiblethatmanypicturesofShakespearemightbeunreliablebecausemanyofthemarecopiesofthisone,”saidanexpertfromBritain'sNationalPortraitGallery.ThediscoverycomesafterfourmonthsoftestingusingX-rays,ultravioletlight,microphotographyandpaintsamples.Theexpertsfromthegallerysaytheimage—commonlyknownasthe“Flowerportrait”—wasactuallypaintedinthe1800s,abouttwocenturiesafterShakespeare'sdeath.Theartexpertswhoworkatthegallerysaytheyalsousedmodernchemistrytechnologytocheckthepaintonthepicture.Thesechecksfoundtracesofpaintdatingfromabout1814.Shakespearediedin1616,andthedatethatappearsontheportraitis1609.“Wenowthinktheportraitdatesbacktoaround1818to1840.ThiswaswhentherewasarenewedinterestinShakespeare'splays,”TarnyaCooper,thegallery'scurator（馆长）,toldtheAssociatedPresident.Thefakepicturehasoftenbeenusedasacoverforcollectionsofhisplays.ItiscalledtheFlowerportraitbecauseoneofitsowners,DesmondFlower,gaveittotheRoyalShakespeareCompany.“Therehavealwaysbeenquestionsaboutthepainting,”saidDavidHowells,curatorfortheRoyalShakespeareCompany.“Nowweknowthetruth,wecanputtheimageinitsproperplaceinthehistoryofShakespeareanportraiture.”TwootherimagesofShakespeare,arealsobeingstudiedaspartoftheinvestigationandtheresultswillcomeoutlaterthismonth.________.9.WhatmakesthebirthdayofShakespearedramaticthisyear?A.Itwasfoundthathepaintedaportraitin1814insteadofin1609.B.TheFlowerportraithasbeenfoundtobeafake.C.ThreeportraitsofShakespearearebeingtestedtoidentifyarealone.D.ItwasfoundthattherewasarenewedinterestinShakespeare'splaysaround1818to1840.10.WhichstatementisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.PortraitsofShakespeareareallunreliable.B.“Flowerportrait”wasaportraitofShakespearegiventoDesmondFlower.C.1814mightbewhentheportraitwasdrawn.D.TheFlowerportraitisnotoftenusedasacoverforShakespeare'splay.11.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A.BirthdaysofteninvolvesurprisesB.Thesurpriseonthe441stbirthdayofShakespeareC.OneportraitofShakespeareisafakeD.HowcanweknowShakespeare'sappearance?12.Whichisthebestsentencetofillintheblankinthelastparagraph?A.Soonwe'llknowwhichportraitisreliable.B.MaybewecannotfindarealportraitofShakespeare.C.Ifthetwoportraitsarefoundtobefalse,theywilltestmore.D.FornowwhatShakespearereallylookedlikewillremainamystery.【答案】9.B10.C11.B12.D【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲解并描述了在莎士比亚的第441个周年纪念日中，专家们发觉最具认可度的莎士比亚画像原来是假的，并讲解并描述了理由及至少四种测量的方法。现如今，莎士比亚究竟什么样子仍旧是一个谜。9.细微环节理解题。依据其次段第一句“expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthemostrecognizableportraitsofWilliamShakespeareisafake.”(专家们发觉一幅最为人熟知的莎士比亚画像是赝品。)可知，莎士比亚的一幅得到公认的肖像画被发觉是仿制品。故选B项。10.细微环节理解题。依据第三段第四句“Thesechecksfoundtracesofpaintdatingfromabout1814.”(经查验，发觉大约1814年的油漆痕迹。)可知，这幅叫做“Flowerportrait”的肖像画所运用的油漆可追溯到1814年，