2019-2020学年高中英语-大题精做01-Friendship含解析新人教版必修1

2019-2020学年高中英语大题精做01Friendship（含解析）新人教版必修1I.阅读理解体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文我与PaulNewman之间的深厚友情291★★★☆☆7分钟(2017·新课标全国卷II，B)IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon’tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft（技艺）andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebriefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?A.PaulNewmanwantedit.B.Thestudiopowersdidn’tlikehisagent.C.Hewasn’tfamousenough.D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.25.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?A.Theywereofthesameage.B.Theyworkedinthesametheater.C.Theywerebothgoodactors.D.Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂that＂inparagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.27.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.【答案】25.D【解析】细节理解题。根据＂BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen＂可知，作者与Paul之间有着相似的性格特征。故选D。26.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据＂Wesharedthebriefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback＂可知，我们都有这个信仰：如果你有幸获得成功，你应该有所回馈，下文＂hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival＂是作者举的例子，因此＂sharingthatbroughtustogether＂中that指代前面提到的信仰。故选A。27.B【解析】目的意图题。根据＂Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit＂可知Paul已经去世了，再结合前文＂IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968＂，可推断作者非常怀念这位朋友。故选B。【名师点睛】本文前两题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如24题中的A项＂PaulNewmanwantedit.＂属于＂颠倒黑白＂类干扰项，根据＂Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul＂可知制片人不想要我，说明A项明显错误。干扰项的设置方法除了＂颠倒黑白＂之外，通常还有以下几种方式：

1.

张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，命题人却把作者的观点放到选项中去。

2.

偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。

3.

无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。

II.完形填空体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文我与乐于助人的学生Freddy280★★★☆☆17分钟(2017·新课标全国卷II)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In1973,Iwasteachingelementaryschool.Eachday,27kids41＂TheThinkingLaboratory.＂Thatwasthe__42__studentsvotedforafterdecidingthat＂Room104＂wastoo43.Freddywasanaverage44,butnotanaverageperson.Hehadtherarebalanceoffunandcompassion（同情）.Hewould45theloudestoverfunandbethesaddestoveranyone’46.Beforetheschoolyear47,Igavethekidsaspecial48,T-shirtswiththewords＂VerbsAreYour__49__＂onthem.Ihadadvisedthekidsthatwhileverbs（动词）mayseemdull,mostofthe50thingstheydothroughouttheirliveswillbeverbs.Throughtheyears,I’drunintoformerstudentswhowouldprovide51onoldclassmates.IlearnedthatFreddydidseveraljobsafterhis52fromhighschoolandremainedthesame53personImetfortyyearsbefore.Once,whileworkingovernightatastore,heletahomelessman54inhistruck.Anothertime,he__55__afriendmoneytobuyahouse.Justlastyear,Iwas56aworkshopwhensomeoneknockedattheclassroomdoor.Awoman__57__theinterruptionandhandedmeanenvelope.Istoppedteachingand58itup.Insidewerethe＂Verbs＂shirtanda__58__fromFreddy’smother.＂FreddypassedawayonThanksgiving.Hewantedyoutohavethis.＂Itoldthestorytotheclass.Assadasitwas,Icouldn’thelpsmiling.AlthoughFreddywastakenfromus,weall60somethingfromFreddy.41.A.built B.entered C.decorated D.ran42.A.name B.rule C.brand D.plan43.A.small B.dark C.strange D.dull44.A.scholar B.student C.citizen D.worker45.A.speak B.sing C.question D.laugh46.A.misfortune B.disbelief C.dishonesty D.mistake47.A.changed B.approached C.returned D.ended48.A.lesson B.gift C.report D.message49.A.Friends B.Awards C.Masters D.Tasks50.A.simple B.unique C.fun D.clever51.A.assessments B.comments C.instructions D.updates52.A.graduation B.retirement C.separation D.resignation53.A.daring B.modest C.caring D.smart54.A.wait B.sleep C.study D.live55.A.paid B.charged C.lent D.owed56.A.observing B.preparing C.designing D.conducting57.A.regretted B.avoided C.excused D.ignored58.A.opened B.packed C.gave D.held59.A.picture B.bill C.note D.diary60.A.chose B.took C.expected D.borrowed【答案】41.B考查动词词义辨析。A.built建造；B.entered进入；C.decorated装饰；D.ran跑步。每天，27个孩子都会＂进入＂＂思想实验室＂，故选B。42.A考查名词词义辨析。A.name名字；B.rule规则；C.brand品牌；D.plan计划。＂思想实验室＂这个＂名字＂是同学们投票得来的，故选A。43.D考查形容词词义辨析。A.small小的；B.dark黑的；C.strange奇怪的；D.dull无聊的。由后文可知，同学们是因为＂104室＂这个名字太＂无聊＂才把名字改为＂思想实验室＂的，故选D。44.B考查名词词义辨析。A.scholar学者；B.student学生；C.citizen市民；D.worker工人。通读全文可知Freddy是作者的一名＂学生＂，故选B。45.D考查动词词义辨析。A.speak说；B.sing唱歌；C.question质问；D.laugh大笑。对于好玩的事情，他会＂笑＂得最大声，故选D。46.A考查名词词义辨析。A.misfortune不幸；B.disbelief怀疑；C.dishonesty不诚实；D.mistake错误。根据前句可知，Freddy在有趣和富有同情心之间可以做到罕见的平衡，所以对于任何人的＂不幸＂，他会很悲伤，故选A。47.D考查动词词义辨析。A.changed改变；B.approached接近；C.returned返回；D.ended结束。在学期＂结束＂之前，我……，故选D。48.B考查名词词义辨析。A.lesson课，教训；B.gift礼物；C.report报告；D.message信息，根据后文可知作者送给Freddy一件衬衫，即一个特殊的礼物，故选B。49.A考查名词词义辨析。A.Friends朋友；B.Awards奖；C.Masters主人；D.Tasks任务。衬衫上写着＂动词是你的朋友＂，故选A。50.C考查形容词词义辨析。A.simple简单的；B.unique独特的；C.fun有趣的；D.clever聪明的。＂尽管动词也许看起来很无聊，但人们的一生当中做的大部分有趣之事都将是动词＂，＂无聊＂与＂有趣＂相对，故选C。53.C考查形容词词义辨析。A.daring勇敢的；B.modest谦虚的；C.caring贴心的；D.smart聪明的。他让无家可归的人睡在了他的卡车上，由此可知他仍然是很爱关照人的，贴心的，故选C。54.B考查动词词义辨析。A.wait等待；B.sleep睡觉；C.study学习；D.live居住。他让一位无家可归的人＂睡在＂他的卡车上，故选B。55.C考查动词词义辨析。A.paid支付；B.charged索要；C.lent借出；D.owed欠。还有一次，他借钱给朋友，让朋友买房子，故选C。56.D考查动词词义辨析。A.observing观察；B.preparing准备；C.designing设计；D.conducting组织，实施，执行。我正在班级里组织一个专题研讨会的时候，突然有人敲门，故选D。57.C考查动词词义辨析。A.regretted后悔，遗憾；B.avoided避免；C.excused原谅，宽恕；D.ignored忽视。因为当时正在上课，所以这名女子为自己的打断行为要求得到原谅，故选C。58.A考查动词词义辨析。A.opened打开；B.packed打包；C.gave给予；D.held握住。我停止教学，打开信封，故选A。【名师点睛】本篇完形填空很好地体现出重在考查语篇理解能力，且不在情节、词汇考查上大做文章的趋势。其中针对语篇的上下文复现考查非常多。语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，考生可以利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：IlearnedthatFreddydidseveraljobsafterhis52fromhighschoolandremainedthesame53personImetfortyyearsbefore.53.A.daring B.modest C.caring D.smart【答案】C【分析】同义词同现，根据第二段第二句＂Hehadtherarebalanceoffunandcompassion（同情）＂，这里的compassion与选项中的caring虽然词性不同，但表达的是相同的意思，属于同义词同现。III.书面表达体裁话题提纲作文，电子邮件邀请朋友加入校乒乓球队(2017·新课标全国卷III)假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入，内容包括：1.球队活动；2.报名方式及截止日期。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearEric,IamLiHua.Iamwritingtoinviteyoutojointhetabletennisteaminourschool.Itisknownthatwecanbenefitalotfromplayingtabletennis.Itcanpreventusfromgettingshortsightedanditcankeepusphysicallyhealthy.Astotheactivities,weplantoinviteexperiencedplayerstogivingtrainingtouseveryFridayafternoon.Atthesametime,wewilldividethemembersintoseveralgroupstopracticeat5:00pmafterschool.Ifyouareinterested,signuponourschoolwebsitebeforeAugust10.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua【试题分析】该篇书面表达是书信类文体，要求考生按照所给提示进行写作，可增加细节以使行文连贯。在写作本文时考生需注意以下几点：1.确定文章的结构：书信的开头、正文和结尾。2.确定文章的要点：写信的目的；表示感谢。3.确定文章的布局。4.确定文章的时态，在本文中根据要求判断应该用一般现在时和一般将来时。5.正确使用较高级词汇和多种句式，如定语从句、状语从句、主语从句等。6.准确使用一些恰当的连接成分以使语意更连贯。I.完形填空体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文保持友谊284★★★☆☆16分钟DuringmyPEclassImetagirl,whowasinagradeyoungerthanme.Shewasalways1ontheplaygroundandIwonderedwhyshehad2totalkto.Iwaskindofaquietgirlmyself,too,butIstillhadafew3.OverthewholeyearIwouldsay＂Hi＂toher4sometimesshecametomeandwe5whateversportswelikedmost.WhenevershecameoverImadeitmy6tomakeherlaugh.Ipaidmostofmy7toherandnottomyotherfriendsbecauseIsawthemplayingtogether8overthere.Then,the9dayofschoolyearcamearound,Iwalkedwithherontheplayground.Iaskedherwhyshewassoquiet.Shetoldmeherfatherlefther10andher.Hermotherwasalwayscryingathome.11this,Isaidnothingforawhile.ThenwhatIcoulddowas__12__hertoforgetunhappinessandbelievetomorrowis13.OnedayItoldherIwasleavingforhighschool.Hearingthissheaskedmenotto14her.ShetoldmethatshehadnootherfriendsandIwasheronlyone.Then,shetoldmethatshewould15meifIwasinthehighschool.I16thatIwouldgobacktoseehertwiceaweek.Hearingmypromise,herface17withsmiles.Peoplelosefriendsallthetimebutwisepeopleknowhowto18thefriendship.Sodon’truinthe19astimepassedby.Rememberthatyouare20tohaveagoodfriend.1.A.happy

B.sad C.shy D.quiet2.A.somebody

B.nobody

C.anybody

D.everybody3.A.classmates

B.schoolmates

C.friends

D.parents4.A.and

B.but

C.so

D.then5.A.played

B.watched

C.talked

D.studied6.A.rule

B.goal

C.dream

D.way7.A.strength

B.decision

C.attention

D.time8.A.equally

B.happily

C.suddenly

D.regularly9.A.usual

B.middle

C.first

D.last10.A.mother

B.brother

C.sister

D.family11.A.Fixing

B.Hearing

C.Seeing

D.Understanding12.A.order

B.force

C.advice

D.allow13.A.newer

B.greater

C.sooner

D.better14.A.forget

B.stop

C.ask

D.mind15.A.help

B.miss

C.greet

D.invite16.A.realized

B.guessed

C.promised

D.hoped17.A.turnedaway

B.gaveoff

C.startedout

D.litup18.A.change

B.see

C.appreciate

D.treasure19.A.success

B.question

C.friendship

D.agreement20.A.lucky

B.important

C.right

D.free【答案】3.C考查名词。与前一句＂Iwaskindofaquietgirlmyself,too＂形成对比，指＂我＂还有几个朋友（friend）。故选C。4.A考查连词。前后是顺承关系，＂我＂和她打招呼，她有时候就会过来找＂我＂。故选A。5.A考查动词。此处指＂我们＂一块儿在操场上玩（play），＂我们＂最喜欢的体育运动。故选A。6.B考查名词。她是一个非常内向的女孩子，所以＂我＂的目标就是要让她笑起来，高兴起来。故选B。7.C考查名词。根据前一句的叙述以及后面的＂...andnottomyotherfriends...＂可知，作者把注意力放在了这个女孩身上，希望她能高兴起来。故选C。8.B考查副词。这里指＂我＂的朋友们玩得很高兴。happily＂快乐地，高兴地＂。故选B。9.D考查形容词。根据后面的＂OnedayItoldherIwasleavingforhighschool.＂可知，作者要毕业了，那天是在学校的最后一天。last＂最后的＂。故选D。10.A考查名词。根据后面的＂Hermotherwasalwayscryingathome.＂可知，她的父亲离开了她们母女俩。故选A。11.B考查动词。句意：听到这儿，有一会儿我什么也没说。hear＂听到＂。故选B。12.C考查动词。听说她的遭遇后，作者劝告女孩该怎么做。advice＂建议，劝告＂。故选C。13.D考查形容词。＂我＂安慰她说明天会更好。better＂更好的＂。故选D。14.A考查动词。根据后面的＂ShetoldmethatshehadnootherfriendsandIwasheronlyone.＂可知，女孩希望＂我＂不要忘记（forget）她。故选A。15.B考查动词。她说她会想念（miss）＂我＂的。故选B。II.阅读理解体裁话题词数难度建议时间议论文友谊是自私的518★★★★☆9分钟Cicerowrotethat,＂Thereisnothingmorefataltofriendshipthanthegreedofgain.＂Althoughapopularsentiment,it’sadeeplymistakenone.Thinkaboutthefriendsyouhave.Trytomakeyourselfawareofwhatyouenjoyaboutthosefriends—thatis,howtheymakeyourlifebetterthanitwouldotherwisebewithoutthem.You’llprobablycomeupwithsomethinglikethis:＂Jackmakesmelaugh;Ilovehissenseofhumor.＂Or＂Sueisreallydedicatedtoherwork,andwell-organized.Ireallyadmirethat.Itinspiresmetodothesame.＂Or＂Billwasreallythereformewhenmymotherdied.Ireallylikehowsupportivehecanbe.＂Yougettheidea?Andthere’snosininthisfact!Thenotionof＂gettingsomethingout＂offriendshasbeengivenabadname,fortworeasons.Onereasonisthatthephraseiscommonlyassociatedwithmaterialgain,asinbusiness,ratherthanpsychologicalgain.Itistrue,ofcourse,thatthegainyouobtainfromafriendshipisnotthesameasthegainyouobtainfrom,say,gettingapaycheckatyourjob;orsellingyourstockforamilliondollars.Ifyouengagedintheexcusethatyouenjoyeda＂friend＂forhispersonalqualities,wheninfactyouwanttoknowhimonlyforcontactsorformoney,thenyouwouldbeguiltyofafraud.Butit’sfraudandexcusewhicharewrong;notgettingsomethingoutofarelationshipwhichiswrong.Theotherreasonpeopledon’tliketoassociatefriendshipwithself-interestisthewidelyheld,thoughfalse,beliefthatself-interestiswrong.Yetitisn’t.Theburdenofproofshouldbeonpeoplewhoclaimthatself-interestiswrongtoprovetheirpoint;yetnobodycan.It’ssomethingwhichisjustassumed.It’stakenasanobvioustruth,like＂theskyisblue＂.Yet,unlike＂theskyisblue＂(forwhichthereisoverwhelmingevidence),thereisnoevidenceatalltosupportthenotionthatgainingsomethingfromafriendshipiswrong.AsIjustillustrated,it’sapremise(假定)whichiscompletelynotconsistentwithsimpleobservationofeverydaylife.Trytoimaginebeingfriendswithsomeonewhomyoudon’tlike:someonewhoishumorless;someonewhoislazyandinefficient,andaliar;someonewhoshrugsandwalksawaywhenyoumentionyourmotherjustpassedaway.Shouldwetoleratesuchqualitiesinothersinthenameofselflessness?Ifyouanswered＂yes＂,mostwouldbereadytoputyouintoamentalhospitalforinsanity;or,ataminimum,referyoutoapsychotherapistfor＂self-esteemissues＂.Yet,intheabstract,manyofuspersistinclaiming(alongwithCicero)that＂greed＂andgainarecompletelyatoddswithfriendship.Intruth,weallgainfromfriendship.Ifwedidn’t,therewouldbenopointinhavingfriendsinthefirstplace.1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?A.Afaithfulfriendishardtofind.B.Withoutafriend,theworldisawilderness.C.Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.D.Friendshipisselfish.2.BytheexamplesinParagraph2,thewritertriestoconvinceusthat.A.friendswillsurelycometoourhelpwhenweareintroubleB.welikeourfriendsbecausewegetsomethingoutofthemC.wecannothavetoomanyfriendsD.withoutfriendsourlifewillbedifficult3.Theunderlinedword＂sin＂inParagraph3canbereplacedby＂＂.A.fault

B.sense

C.reason

D.good4.Whatmakespeoplethinkgettingsomethingoutoffriendsiswrongisthat.A.ithassomethingtodowithpsychologicalgainB.itisjustanexcuseC.itcontradictssimpleobservationofeverydaylifeD.itislinkedtoself-interest【答案】【语篇解读】和大多数人的观点截然相反，本文作者认为友谊应该是＂自私的＂。，故答案为D。2.B【解析】推理判断题。这些例子旨在表明朋友使我们的生活更好，即我们能从他们那儿得到一些东西。3.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三、四、五段内容可推知，画线词所在句的含义为＂这一事实没有过错＂。故选fault。4.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的＂Theotherreasonpeopledon’tliketoassociatefriendshipwithself-interestisthewidelyheld,thoughfalse,beliefthatself-interestiswrong.＂可知答案为D。III.短文改错Itisnodoubtthathealthisthemostimportantthinginourlife.AsaChineseproverbgo,＂Healthisblessing＂.Shouldwebealwaysillinbed,howcanweenjoylife?Tokeephealthy,wemustdevelopahealthywayoflife.Firstofall,weshouldkeepondoingsportsonaregularlybasis,becauseitcanstrengthenbothourbodyandmind,refreshourselvesandmakingusworkmoreefficiently.Secondly,wemustkeepbalanceddiettoprovideourbodywithvariousnutritionweneed,butweshouldrefusejunkfood.Remember,itisthroughthemouthwherediseasesenterintoourbody.Thirdly,agoodsleepisalsovitaltoourhealth.Stayuptoolateatnightoftenresultsinpoorhealth.Asmiddleschoolstudents,weneedbettersleeptodobetterinourlessons.【答案】

isnodoubtthathealthisthemostimportantthinginourlife.AsaChineseproverb,＂Healthisblessing＂.Shouldwebealwaysillinbed,how

weenjoylife?Tokeephealthy,wemustdevelopahealthywayoflife.Firstofall,weshouldkeepondoingsportsona

basis,becauseitcanstrengthenbothourbodyandmind,refreshourselvesand

usworkmoreefficiently.Secondly,wemustkeep

balanceddiettoprovideourbodywithvariousnutritionweneed,

weshouldrefusejunkfood.Remember,itisthroughthemouth

diseasesenterintoourbody.Thirdly,agoodsleepisalsovitaltoourhealth.

uptoolateatnightoftenresultsinpoorhealth.Asmiddleschoolstudents,weneedbettersleeptodobetterinourlessons.第一处：It→There此处为固定句式Thereisnodoubtthat毫无疑问的是……，故将