2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时作业10Unit2MoralsandVirtuesReadingforWriting习题含解析新人教版必修第三册

Unit2MoralsandVirtuesⅠ.阅读理解DaleCarnegie(戴尔·卡耐基)wasanAmericanwriterandlecturer,andthedeveloperoffamouscoursesinself­improvement,salesmanship,corporatetraining,publicspeakingandinterpersonalskills.Bornin1888inMaryville,Missouri,Carnegiewasapoorfarmer'sboy.HisfamilymovedtoAftersaving$500,DaleCarnegiequitsalesin1911inordertoachievealifelongdreamofbecomingalecturer.HeendedupinsteadattendingtheAmericanAcademyofDramaticArtsinNewYork,butfoundlittlesuccessasanactor.Laterhegottheideatoteachpublicspeaking.Inhisfirstsession,hesuggestedthatstudentsspeakabout“somethingthatmadethemangry”，anddiscoveredthetechniquethatmadespeakersunafraidtoaddressapublicaudience.Fromitsbeginning,theDaleCarnegieCoursedeveloped.CarnegiehadmadeuseoftheaverageAmerican'sdesiretohavemoreself­confidence.PerhapsoneofCarnegie'smostsuccessfulmarketingmoveswastochangethespellingofhislastnamefrom“Carnagey”toCarnegie,atatimewhenAndrewCarnegiewasawidelyrecognizedname.Carnegie'sworksincludeLincolntheUnknown(1932),PublicSpeakingandInfluencingMeninBusiness(1937),andHowtoStopWorryingandStartLiving(1948).Hisgreatestachievement,however,waswhenSimon&.SchusterpublishedHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople.Thebookwasabestsellerfrom1936.BythetimeofCarnegie'sdeath,thebookhadsoldfivemillioncopiesin31languages,andtherehadbeen450,000graduatesofhisDaleCarnegieInstitute.CarnegiediedathishomeinNewYorkin1955.本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了戴尔·卡耐基的生平和成就。1．WhatdoyouthinkofDaleCarnegie'schildhood?A．Joyful. B．Difficult.C．Lonely. D．Boring.答案：B解析：推理推断题。依据其次段中的“Inhisteens,thoughstillhavingtogetupat4ameverydaytomilkhisparents'cows”可知，卡耐基诞生在一个农夫家庭，小时候每天早晨四点钟就要起来挤牛奶，由此可知，他的童年是特别艰苦的，故B项正确。2．WhichofthefollowingisimportantforDaleCarnegie?A．Helpingpeopletogetwealthy.B．Encouragingonetotrusthimself.C．Teachingpeoplespeakingskills.D．Advisingpeopletolivehappily.答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“CarnegiehadmadeuseoftheaverageAmerican'sdesiretohavemoreself­confidence.”可知，美国民众渴望拥有自信，由此可知，激励人们信任自己对卡耐基来说很重要，故B项正确。3．WhydidDaleCarnegiechangehislastname?A．Togetmorehelpandsupport.B．ToreplaceAndrewCarnegie.C．Toavoidmisunderstanding.D．Tobecomemorefamous.答案：D解析：推理推断题。依据第四段中的“changethespellingofhislastnamefrom‘Carnagey’toCarnegie,atatimewhenAndrewCarnegiewasawidelyrecognizedname.”可知，卡耐基把名字由Carnagey改成Carnegie是因为当时安德鲁·卡耐基是一个家喻户晓的名字，也就是说他想要更出名才改名字，故D项正确。4．WhichofthefollowingisDaleCarnegie'smostsuccessfulwork?A．LincolntheUnknownB．HowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeopleC．HowtoStopWorryingandStartLivingD．PublicSpeakingandInfluencingMeninBusiness答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“Hisgreatestachievement,however,waswhenSimon&.SchusterpublishedHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople.”可知，《人性的弱点》是卡耐基最胜利的著作，故B项正确。Ⅱ.七选五HowLaughingatYourselfMakesYouAttractiveHaveyoueverembarrassedyourselfinpublicandgotlaughedatforit?__1__Andit'sokay—weshouldevenhavealaughaboutthem.●Laughingatyourselfmeansacceptingwhoyoureallyare.Youmayfeelbadaboutyourselfbecauseofpastmisfortune.However,it'snormaltobeimperfect.What'simportantisthatyoushouldbehonestwithyourselfaboutwhoyouare.__2__Youwon'tbeabletolaughatyourselfwithoutself­acceptance.●Laughingatyourselfhelpsincreaseyourconfidence.Whenyou'reabletostayoptimisticandlaughatyourself,youarelikelytobemoresuccessfulinlife.__3__Moreimportantly,ithelpsyourealizeyourownweaknesses,soyouknowwhichareastodobetterin.●__4__Laughingatsomeoneelsemayhurttheirfeelingsevenifyoudidn'tintendto,whilelaughingatyourselfdoesnot.Youmightevenbringasmiletotheirfaces.Don'tworryaboutlosingrespectfromothers,becausepeopleactuallyappreciateitwhenyoulaughatyourself.Laughingatyourselfshowsthatyouhavethecouragetodosoandyou'rebeingrealaboutyourimperfections,makingpeoplethinkyouarelikeable.Justrememberthathumansallmakemistakes.Soinsteadofblamingyourself,trytothinkofyourmistakes,inapositivewayandacceptyourselfjustasyouare.__5__A．Laughingatyourselfmakesyoupopular.B．Acceptyourselfdespiteyourimperfections.C．Youshouldtrytounderstandyourselfbetter.D．Chancesarethatweallhavethesekindsofexperiences.E．Laughingatyourselfchangesanidealimageofyourself.F．Learntolaughatyourselfandyouwillbemoreattractive.G．Thisisbecauselaughingatyourselfhelpsliftyourmoodinfaceofdifficulties.本文为说明文。主要介绍了自嘲的好处，如何通过自嘲使你变得更有魅力，更受欢迎。1．D解析：考查对上下文的理解及推理推断实力。依据上文“Haveyoueverembarrassedyourselfinpublicandgotlaughedatforit？”及空后的“Andit'sokay”可知，此空格是说我们有可能都经验过被讪笑。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。2．B解析：考查对上下文的理解及推理推断实力。本空格所在的其次段的中心为“讪笑自己意味着接受真实的自己，有时可能感觉自己不够好，但不完备是正常的”。分析选项可知B项(接受不完备的自己)与本段意义一样。故选B。3．G解析：考查对上下文的理解及推理推断实力。本空格的上下句的意思为“自嘲有助于增加自信。当你乐观且讪笑自己时，你的生活可能会更胜利，让你相识到自己的不足从而做得更好”。由此可推断出“自嘲有助于你在困难面前提升心情”，分析选项可知G项符合题意，故选G。4．A解析：考查对上下文的理解及推理推断实力。本空格是一段的中心。本段的意思为：讪笑别人可能损害他们的感情，即使你是无意的，而讪笑自己不会。你甚至可以给他们带来微笑。别人会观赏你、敬重你，表明你有志气。不完备的你会让人们觉得你是可爱的。由此可得出，自嘲会给别人带来微笑，别人会观赏你、敬重你，你会受到欢迎的。分析选项可知A项(自嘲使你受欢迎)符合题意，故选A。5．F解析：考查对上下文的理解及推理推断实力。本题处于文章的最终一句。最终一句话一般是对本文的总结，呼应了文章的题目“HowLaughingatYourselfMakesYouAttractive(自嘲如何让你变得有魅力)”。分析选项可知F项(学会自嘲，你会变得更有魅力)符合题意，故选F。Ⅲ.读后续写阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Thereweretwomenwhooccupiedthesamehospitalroom.Onemanwasallowedtositupinhisbedforanhouradaytodrain(解除)theliquidsfromhislungs.Hisbedwasnexttotheroom'sonlywindow.Theothermanhadtospendallhistimeflatonhisback.Thementalkedforhourseveryday.Theyspokeabouttheirwivesandfamiliesandtheirjobs.Andeveryafternoonwhenthemanbythewindowcouldsitup,hewouldpassthetimebydescribingtohisroommateallthethingshecouldseeoutsidethewindow.Themanintheotherbedwouldliveforthoseone­hourperiodswherehisworldwouldbebroadenedbyalltheactivitiesandcolorsoftheoutsideworld.Thewindowoverlookedaparkwithalovelylake,themanhadsaid.Ducksandswansplayedonthewaterwhilechildrensailedtheirmodelboats.Loverswalkedarminarm,andafineviewofthecitycouldbeseeninthedistance.Asthemanbythewindowdescribedallthisindetail,themanontheothersideoftheroomclosedhiseyesandimaginedthebeautifulscene.Onewarmafternoon,themanbythewindowdescribedaparadepassingby.Althoughtheothermancouldnotheartheband,hecouldseeitinhismind'seyeasthegentlemanbythewindowdescribedit.Unexpectedly,astrangethoughtenteredhishead:Whycouldhelookoutofthewindow?WhyshouldhehaveallthepleasureofseeingeverythingwhileInevergettoseeanything?Itdidn'tseemfair.Asthethoughtdeveloped,themanfeltashamedatfirst.Butasthedayspassedandhemissedseeingmoresights,hisenvyturnedintohateandsoonturnedhimsour.Hebegantofindhimselfunabletosleep.Heshouldbebythatwindowandthatthoughtnowcontrolledhislife.答案Paragraph1：Lateonenight,ashelaystaringattheceiling,anothermanbegantocough.Themanbythewindowwaschokedbytheliquidsinhislungs.Theothermanwatchedit,asthemanbythewind