专题11生态文明-2022年中考英语阅读理解热点话题特训

11生态文明Passage1TheChinesegovernmentraisedtheprotectionlevelofChinesepangolins(穿山甲)tothetoplevelonWorldEnvironmentDay—June5th.Pangolinsusedtobeatthesecondlevelundernationalprotection.Thisactmakespeoplepaymoreattentiontoecologicalcivilization(生态文明).Italsoshowsourgreatdeterminationtofightagainsttheillegalhunting(非法捕猎)andthetradingofwildanimalsandotherthingsmadefromthem.Accordingtoanationalwildlifestudyinthe1990s,therewereabout60,000Chinesepangolinsin11provinces,includingYunnan,Hunan,Guangdong,SichuanandZhejiang.Untilnow,pangolinshavebeefewerandfewerbecauseofthelivingplacesthatarebeingdestroyed,crazyhuntingandsmuggling.In2017,ChinesepangolinswereplacedontheRedLisofThreatenedSpeciesafterateamofexpertsbelievedtheirnumberhaddroppedby90percentinthepastyears.“Thevalueofpangolinstotheecosystemismuchmorethanthevalueoftheirmeatorscales(鳞).Thereisalongwaytogoinprotectingthem,butwecanstartbysayingnotothingsmadefromthem,”saidZhouFei,chiefprogramofficeroftheWorldWildlifeFundofChina.What’smore,thepangolinhasaverystrongresponse(反应)tostress,whichmeansthatiteasilybeesnervouswhenitiscaught.PangolinscaleshavebeentakenawayfromtheChinesePharmacopeia(药典).Itmeansthescaleswillnolongerbeusedasakindofmedicine.1．Now,Chinesepangolinsare________.A．atthetopprotectionlevel B．atthesecondprotectionlevelC．atthethirdprotectionlevel D．notundernationalprotection2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“smuggling”meaninthispassage?A．灭绝 B．走私 C．饥饿 D．自杀3．Asstudents,whatcanwedotoprotectthepangolinsaccordingtothepassage?A．Wecanfightagainsttheillegalhuntersbyourselves.B．Wecanhelptofindmorelivingplacesforthem.C．Wecantellpeoplethevalueoftheirmeatandscales.D．Wecanrefusetobuythingsmadefromthem.4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Pangolins’numberhasdroppedby80percentinthepastyears.B．PangolinscaleshavebeentakenawayfromtheChinesePharmacopeiaC．Wecanprotectpangolinsinashorttime.D．Thepangolinhardlybeesnervouswhenitiscaught.5．Themainpurposeofthispassageistotellus________.A．whatkindofmedicinepangolinscanbeusedasB．whatvaluepangolinsbringusC．whyourgovernmentraisedtheprotectionlevelofpangolinsD．whypangolinshavebeefewerandfewerPassage2Agrandinternationalhorticultural（园艺）exhibitionkickedoffonApril29,2019MondayinBeijing.ChinesePresidentXiexpressedhishopethatthegreendevelopmentconcept（理念）embodied（体现）bytheExpoparkwouldbespreadto“everycorneroftheworld”.TheInternationalHorticulturalExhibition2019BeijingisthehighestlevelandlargestinternationalfairheldinChinaaftertheInternationalHorticulturalExhibitionheldinthesouthwestcityofKunmingin1999,the2010ShanghaiWorldExpoandthefirstChinaInternationalImportExpoin2018.“Thedevelopmentmodelof‘killingthehensforeggs'and‘draining（排空）thelakeforfish'isatadeadend,"XisaidinhisspeechattheopeningceremonyoftheExpo."Thefuturewillbeilluminated（发光的）byecofriendlydevelopmentthatisinaccordancewiththerulesofnature.”“China'secologicalcivilization（生态文明）developmentisonfasttrack.Peoplewillliveinabetterenvironmentwithbluesky,greenmountainsandclearwater,"Xisaid."Weshouldprotecttheecologicalenvironmentlikeprotectingoureyesandvalueitinthesamewaywevalueourlives.”“Onlywithconcertedeffortscanweeffectively（有效）dealwithglobalenvironmentissuessuchasclimatechange,marine（海洋）pollutionandbiologicalprotectionandachievetheUnitedNations2030AgendaforSustainable（可持续的）Developmentgoals,"hesaid.Heputforwardafivepointsuggestion:pursuing（追求）harmonybetweenhumanandnature,prosperity（繁荣）basedongreendevelopment,apassionformaturecaringlifestyles,ascientificspiritinecologicalgovernanceandjointeffortstodealwithenvironmentalchallenges."TheBeijingHorticulturalExpo,themed‘LiveGreen,LiveBetter',isoneofthemajorinternationaleventshostedbyChinain2019,whichmarksthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Itindicates（标识）thatChinahaschangedfromaparticipant（参与者）inglobalgreendevelopmenttoacontributorandleader,"saidWuShunze,anexpertwiththeMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment.Atotalof110countriesandinternationalorganizationswillattendthe162dayevent.6．Theunderlinedphrase"kickedoff"intheParagraph1means“____________”.A．started B．ended C．celebrated D．joined7．FromthepassagewecanknowthattheInternationalHorticulturalExhibition2019Beijing__________.A．isfirsthostedbyChinaB．iscoveredwithgreenparkC．isheldinKunming,YunnanD．lasts162daysintotal8．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatPresidentXi___________.A．thinksecofriendlydevelopmentislessimportantB．gives5suggestionsonecologicalenvironmentC．thinksChina'secologicalcivilizationdevelopmentisslowD．advisesustokillthehensforeggstoprotectenvironment9．“Livegreen,LiveBetter”meansthat___________.A．ifweliveinagreenenvironment,wewilllivebetterB．ifwewanttolivebetter,weshouldliveinagreenroomC．greencanchangeglobalenvironmentalproblemseffectivelyD．theworldinthefuturemustbecolouredingreeneverywhere10．Thewriterofthepassagewantstoshowus________.A．thewonderfulopeningceremonyoftheExpoB．ChineseleadershipinglobalgreendevelopmentC．theimportanceofgreendevelopmentconceptD．thefuturegreenenvironmentintheexpoparkPassage3Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescanmunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration—theiryoungtrees?SuzanneSimard,forestecologist(生态学家)attheUniversityofBritishColumbia,explainshowtreesaremuchmoreplex(复杂的)thanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwin(达尔文)thoughtthattreesarepetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardandherteamhavemadeanewdiscoveryandshowedjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirgroupworkandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition(营养)suchasnitrogen(氮)andcarbon"dependingonwhoneedsit".Nitrogen(氮)andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi(真菌)networks.Thismakessurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thissystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神经元)inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itinfluencesall.Simardtalksabout"Mothertrees".Theseareusuallythelargest,oldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.These"Mothertrees"areconnectedtoalltheothertreesintheforestbythisnetworkoffungi,andmaymanagetheresourcesofthewholetreesandplantsintheforest.Sheexplainshowthesetreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantresourcestoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown"Mothertrees"withoutpayingattentiontothesehighlyplex"treesocieties"ofthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancestosavethewholeforest."Wedidn'ttakeanynoticeofit,"Simardsayssadly."Mothertrees"movenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.11．Theunderlinedsentence"theoppositeistrue"inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees________.A．peteforsurvival B．protecttheirownwealthC．dependoneachother D．providesupportfordyingtrees12．"Mothertrees"areveryimportantbecausethey________.A．lookthelargestinsizeintheforest B．passonnutritiontoyoungtreesC．bringmorewealthtohumans D．knowmoreaboutthe"treesocieties"13．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．treesaren'tasplexaswethinkB．CharlesDarwinhadthesameopinionasSimardC．if"Mothertrees"arecutdown,theywon'tmakedifferencetoyoungtreesD．treescanshareresourceswithotheronesbytheundergroundfunginetworksPassage4Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescanmunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgenerationtheiryoungtrees?SuzanneSimard,forestecologist(生态学家)attheUniversityofBritishColumbia,explainshowtreesaremuchmoreplex(复杂的)thanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwin(达尔文)thoughtthattreesarepetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardandherteamhavemadeanewdiscoveryandshowedjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirgroupworkandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition(营养)suchasnitrogen(氮)andcarbon“dependingonwhoneedsit”.Nitrogen(氮)andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi(真菌)networks.Thismakessurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thissystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神经元)inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itinfluencesall.Simardtalksabout“Mothertrees”.Theseareusuallythelargest,oldestplantsthatonwhichallothertreesdepend.These“Mothertrees”areconnectedtoalltheothertreesintheforestbythisnetworkoffungi,andmaymanagetheresourcesofthewholetreesandplantsintheforest.Sheexplainshowthesetreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantresourcestoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“Mothertrees”withoutpayingattentiontothesehighlyplex“treesocieties”ofthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancestosavethewholeforest.“Wedidn’ttakeanynoticeofit,”Simardsayssadly.“Mothertrees”movenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.14．Theunderlinedsentence“theoppositeistrue”inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees.A．peteforsurvivalB．protecttheirownwealthC．dependoneachotherD．providesupportfordyingtrees15．“Mothertrees”areveryimportantbecausethey.A．lookthelargestinsizeintheforestB．passonnutritiontoyoungtreesC．bringmorewealthtohumansD．knowmoreaboutthe“treesocieties”16．Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto(指代).A．how“treesocieties”workB．howtreesgrowoldC．howforestryindustrydevelopsD．howyoungtreessurvive17．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A．treesaren’tasplexaswethink.B．CharlesDarwinhadthesameopinionasSimard.C．if“Mothertrees”arecutdown,theywon’tmakedifferencetoyoungtrees.D．treescanshareresourceswithotheronesbytheundergroundfunginetworksPassage5Whatdopeopleusuallyputintheirlivingrooms?PerhapsyouwillthinkofsomethingsuchasaTV,acoffeetableorasofa.ButFrenchdesigners（设计师）MathieuLehanneurandAnthonyvandenBosschedidn’tthinkthatwasenough.Theywantedtoaddsomethingnewinpeople’slivingrooms.Sotheycreatedadoityourselfecosystem(生态系统)named“LocalRiver”.Thesystemletsitsownergrowfishandplantsinsidetanks（缸）intheirlivingrooms.IntheDIYfishandgardeningecosystem,theplantsontopofthetankfeedonthewasteofthefishbelow.Itmakesthewatercleansothefishcangoonliving.Inthisway,thefishandplantsinthe“LocalRiver”cankeepthebalancedenvironmentwithalittlehelpfromtheowner.Thesystemisalsocalled“fridgeaquarium(冰箱水族馆)”bysomepeoplebecauseownerscanusethefishandplantsasfood.Thatistosay,ownersareabletogrowfishandplantswithinthe"LocalRiver"beforeeatingthem.Almostanyplantcangrowontopofthetanksandmostfreshwaterfishareabletoliveinthetanksbelow.The“LocalRiver”ecosystemfromParisesinsmallandlargemodels.Itisarelaxingthingtohaveinyourhome.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。18．Wherearethedesignersofthe“LocalRiver”?A．TheyarefromFrance.B．TheyarefromEngland.C．TheyarefromtheUS.D．TheyarefromGermany.19．Whatdoesthesystemletitsownergrow?A．FishandcropsB．flowersandgrassC．PlantsandflowersD．Fishandplants20．Howdotheplantsofthesystemgrow?A．Byfeedingonthefish.B．Byfeedingonthewater.C．Byfeedingonthefishwaste.D．Byfeedingonthefishfood.21．Whyisthesystemcalled“fridgeaquarium”bysomepeople?A．Becausethetankcanbeputinthefridge.B．Becauseownerscangrowfishandplantsinit.C．Becauseownerscaneatthefishandplantsinit.D．Becauseownerscangrowthefishandplantsinitandsellthem.22．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Allfishareabletoliveinthetanksbelow.B．The“LocalRiver”ecosystemisarelaxingthingtohaveathome.C．The"LocalRiver"cankeepthebalancedenvironmentallbyitself.D．IntheDIYfishandgardeningecosystem,theplantsgrowunderthetankPassage6Whatdopeopleusuallyputintheirlivingrooms?PerhapsyouwillthinkofsomethingsuchasaTV,acoffeetableorasofa.ButFrenchdesigners（设计师）MathieuLehanneurandAnthonyvandenBosschedidn’tthinkthatwasenough.Theywantedtoaddsomethingnewinpeople’slivingrooms.Sotheycreatedadoityourselfecosystem(生态系统)named“LocalRiver”.Thesystemletsitsownergrowfishandplantsinsidetanks（缸）intheirlivingrooms.IntheDIYfishandgardeningecosystem,theplantsontopofthetankfeedonthewasteofthefishbelow.Itmakesthewatercleansothefishcangoonliving.Inthisway,thefishandplantsinthe“LocalRiver”cankeepthebalancedenvironment,andonlyneedalittlehelpfromtheowner.Thesystemisalsocalled“fridgeaquarium(冰箱水族馆)”bysomepeoplebecauseownerscanusethefishandplantsasfood.Thatistosay,ownersareabletogrowfishandplantswithinthe"LocalRiver"beforeeatingthem.Almostanyplantcangrowontopofthetanksandmostfreshwaterfishareabletoliveinthetanksbelow.The“LocalRiver”ecosystemfromParisesinsmallandlargemodels.Itisarelaxingthingtohaveinyourhome.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。23．Wherearethedesignersofthe“LocalRiver”?A．TheyarefromFrance.B．TheyarefromEngland.C．TheyarefromtheUS.D．TheyarefromGermany.24．Whatdoesthesystemletitsownergrow?A．FishandcropsB．FishandplantsC．PlantsandflowersD．flowersandgrass25．Howdotheplantsofthesystemgrow?A．Byfeedingonthefish.B．Byfeedingonthewater.C．Byfeedingonthefishwaste.D．Byfeedingonthefishfood.26．Whyisthesystemcalled“fridgeaquarium”bysomepeople?A．Becausethetankcanbeputinthefridge.B．Becauseownerscangrowfishandplantsinit.C．Becauseownerscaneatthefishandplantsinit.D．Becauseownerscangrowandeatthefishandplantsinit.27．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Allfishareabletoliveinthetanksbelow.B．It’srelaxingtohavethe“LocalRiver”ecosystemathome.C．The"LocalRiver"cankeepthebalancedenvironmentbyitself.D．IntheDIYfishandgardeningecosystem,theplantsgrowunderthetank.Passage7Therewasonceakingwhohadagreatpalacewithawonderfulgarden.Inthegarden,therelivedallkindsofanimals.Allofthemenjoyedlivingthere.Therewasonlyonethinginthegardenthatthekinghated:anoldtreeinthecenterofthegarden.Itwassooldanddry.Thismadethekingsoangrythathefinallyaskedsomepeopletocutitdownandturnedtheplaceintoaswimmingpool.However,afterthetreewascutdown,theanimalsleftthegarden.Withouttheanimals,thegardenwasnotsobeautifulasbefore.Thekingwassad,buthedidn’tknowwhathadhappened.Ayoungmanwenttotheking,andsaidhecouldexplainwhathadhappened.“Thiswasbecauseyoucuttheoldtreedown,”saidtheyoungman.“Therewerethousandsofmoths(飞蛾)whichlivedinthetree.Birdsneededthemothstoeatandthentheyproducedwastesforplantstogrow.Theplantsthen_____manyotheranimalstoyourgarden.Soyourgardenbecameverybeautiful.Butasyoucutthetreedown,theanimalshadtoleave.“Excellent!”saidtheking,“I’llmakeyourichandyouwilltrytomakemygardenbeautifulagain.”“I’mafraiditwilltakemanyyearstofinish.Itwilltakemanyyearsforthenaturalbalance(生态平衡)togetbackagain,”saidtheyoungman.Thekingwassad,butallhecoulddowasjusttowait.28．Whydidthekingcutdowntheoldtree?A．Becausehehatedtheoldanddrytree.B．Becausehewantedtoplantayoungtreethere.C．Becausehedidn’twantmothstoliveinthetree.29．Whatwastheresultafterthetreewascutdown?A．Thegardenwasmorebeautifulthanbefore.B．Theanimalsleftthegarden.C．Thekingwasveryhappy.30．Theunderlinedword“attracted”inParagraph3probablymeans“”inChinese.A．驱赶B．利用C．吸引31．Iftheyoungmanmadethegardenbeautifulagain,thekingwould.A．beveryangryB．makehimrichC．orderhimtoleave32．Thestorytellsusthat.A．itwilltakemanyyearsforthenaturalbalancetogetbackagainB．it’seasyforustokeepthebalanceofnatureC．oldtreesshouldbecutdownPassage8Allplantsandanimalsareconnectedanddependupononeanother.Theseconnectionscreateawebofdifferenttypesoflifethatareabletoprotectthemselvesfromdamage.However,populationgrowthandclimatechangeareleadingtolessbiodiversity(生态多样性)andputtinghumansindanger.Sowhatcanwedotohelpprotectbiodiversityandourenvironment?*Beaninformedconsumer(有见识的用户)Avoidbuyingfrompaniesthatdodamagetotheenvironment.Remember,panieswillsellwhatpeoplewanttobuy,sotellpaniesthatyouwantproductsthatdonothurtourplanet.*Followthe“ThreeRs”Thelessgarbageyouthrowaway,thelesslikelyitisthatnaturalhabitats(栖息地)willbeusedforlandfills(垃圾填埋).Trytofollowthe“ThreeRs”toproduceaslittlewasteaspossible.Reduce:Don’tbuyproductsyoudon’tneed.Whenyoudobuythings,trytomakechoicesthatleadtoasmalleramountofgarbage.Forexample,buythingswithalittlebitofpackagingornoneatall.Reuse:Throwfewergoodsawaybyusingthingsmorethanonce.Oneeasyexampleistakingareusablebagtothegrocerystore.Recycle:Whenyoudohavetothrowsomethingaway,recycleitsoitcanbemadeintosomethingusefulagain.*________Fossilfuels(化石燃料)arebadfortheenvironment.Theclimatechangetheycausealsoleadstohabitatlossforendangeredanimals.Soreducingcarbonemissions(碳排放)isoneeffectivewaytoprotectbiodiversity.Youcouldstartbyusinglessenergy:Walkorrideyourbikeinsteadofdriving,andthinkaboutgreenenergylikesolarpower.33．Whichofthefollowingshouldweavoiddoingaccordingtothe“ThreeRs”?A．Buyingproductsyouneed. B．Buyingoverpackagedproducts.C．Recyclingwhatyoudon’tneed. D．Usingbagsthatyoucanusemorethanonce.34．Whichofthefollowingshouldgointheblank?A．Protectendangeredanimals. B．Lookforbetterfossilfuels.C．Stopclimatechange. D．Reduceyourcarbonemissions.35．Youmayreadthepassagein________.A．anovel B．atraveldiary C．aguidebook D．asciencemagazine36．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Toshowusthingswecandotoprotecttheenvironment.B．Toremindusaboutenvironmentalproblems.C．Toteachushowtoachievebiodiversity.D．Toshowtheimportanceofdevelopinggreenenergy..【答案】1．A2．B3．D4．B5．C【分析】本文主要在谈论穿山甲数量减少及其减少的原因，政府提高其保护级别。1．细节理解题。根据“TheChinesegovernmentraisedtheprotectionlevelofChinesepangolinstothetoplevel”可知，中国穿山甲现在是中国高级保护动物，故选A。2．词句猜测题。根据“…fightagainsttheillegalhuntingandthetradingofwildanimals”可知，非法捕猎动物和非法交易野生动物，此处表示非法的活动，所以其意思为走私，故选B。3．推理判断题。根据“Thereisalongwaytogoinprotectingthem,butwecanstartbysayingnotothingsmadefromthem,”可知，作为学生，为了保护穿山甲，我们可以对拒绝买穿山甲制品，故选D。4．细节理解题。根据“PangolinscaleshavebeentakenawayfromtheChinesePharmacopeia.”可知，穿山甲鳞片已经从《中国药典》中删除，因此B项与原文一致，故选B。5．推理判断题。根据“TheChinesegovernmentraisedtheprotectionlevelofChinesepangolinstothetoplevelonWorldEnvironmentDay—June5th.”和“ChinesepangolinswereplacedontheRedLisofThreatenedSpeciesafterateamofexpertsbelievedtheirnumberhaddroppedby90percentinthepastyears.”可知，本文主要介绍了中国政府提高了对中国穿山甲的保护级别的原因，故选C。6．A7．D8．B9．A10．C【分析】2019年北世界园艺博览会的主题是“绿色生活，美丽家园”。中国国家主席习近平在开幕式上表示，希望世博园区所体现的绿色发展理念能够传播到“世界的每一个角落”。2019年北京世博会表明中国在全球绿色发展上，已经从一个参与者发展成为贡献者和领导者。6．词义猜测题。根据“ChinesePresidentXiexpressedhishopethatthegreendevelopmentconcept（理念）embodied（体现）bytheExpoparkwouldbespreadto“everycorneroftheworld”.”中国国家主席习近平表示，希望世博园体现的绿色发展理念能够传播到“世界的每一个角落”。可知，上文的kickedoff应该是“举行”的意思，与started同义。故选A。7．细节理解题。根据“Atotalof110countriesandinternationalorganizationswillattendthe162dayevent.”共有110个国家和国际组织将参加为期162天的活动。可知，2019年北京国际园艺展共162天。故选D。8．细节理解题。根据“Heputforwardafivepointsuggestion:…”他提出了五点建议。可知，习主席对生态环境提出了五点建议。故选B。9．推理判断题。根据““China'secologicalcivilization（生态文明）developmentisonfasttrack.Peoplewillliveinabetterenvironmentwithbluesky,greenmountainsandclearwater,"Xisaid."Weshouldprotecttheecologicalenvironmentlikeprotectingoureyesandvalueitinthesamewaywevalueourlives.””“中国生态文明建设正走上快车道。“人们将生活在蓝天、青山、碧水的美好环境中，”习近平说，“我们应该像保护眼睛一样保护生态环境，用珍视生命的方式珍视生态环境。”可以推出“Livegreen,LiveBetter”应该是如果我们生活在绿色环境中，我们会生活得更好。故选A。10．主旨大意题。根据“Heputforwardafivepointsuggestion:…andjointeffortstodealwithenvironmentalchallenges.”可知，习近平主席的五点建议以及短文的叙述可知，本文说明了绿色发展理念的重要性。故选C。11．C12．B13．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，而是相互依赖的；树木社会是高度复杂的网络社会。“母树”通过真菌网络与森林中的其他所有树木相连，管理森林中所有树木和植物的资源。快要死的“母树”会将自己的营养传给小树，让它们更好地成长。人们如果知道这些现象，就可以更好地保护这些树。11．词句猜测题。根据上文“AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarepetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardandherteamhave…showedjusthowwronghewas.”和下文“treessurvivethroughtheirgroupworkandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition(营养)suchasnitrogen(氮)andcarbon'dependingonwhoneedsit'.”可知树之间其实是互相依赖，这与达尔文的适者生存的理论恰恰相反，故选C。12．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sheexplainshowthesetreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantresourcestoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.”可知“母树”之所以重要是因为它们会将自己的营养和重要资源等传给小树，故选B。13．判断推理题。根据第四段中“These"Mothertrees"areconnectedtoalltheothertreesintheforestbythisnetworkoffungi,andmaymanagetheresourcesofthewholetreesandplantsintheforest.”可知，“母树”通过地下真菌网络与森林中的其他所有树木相连，并可以管理森林中所有树木和植物的资源，故选D。14．C15．B16．A17．D【分析】文章介绍了树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，而是相互依赖的，树木社会是高度复杂的网络社会。“母树”通过真菌网络与森林中的其他所有树木相连，管理森林中所有树木和植物的资源。快要死的母树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好的成长，人们如果知道这些现象，就可以更好的保护这些树。14．题意：第2段下画线的句子“theoppositeistrue”可能的意思是树____________。A.peteforsurvival适者生存；B.protecttheirownwealth保护自己的财富；C.dependoneachother互相依赖；D.providesupportfordyingtrees为垂死的树木提供支持。根据下文treessurvivethroughtheirgroupworkandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition(营养)suchasnitrogen(氮)andcarbon“dependingonwhoneedsit”.（树木通过它们的团队工作和支持生存下来，根据需要传递必要的营养，如氮和碳。）可知树是互相依赖，这与上文提到了达尔文的适者生存的理论恰恰相反；故选C。15．题意：“母树”非常重要，因为它们____________。A.lookthelargestinsizeintheforest在森林中看起来最大；B.passonnutritiontoyoungtrees将营养传递给小树；C.bringmorewealthtohumans为人类带来更多财富；D.knowmoreaboutthe“treesocieties”更多地了解“树木社会”。根据第4段第4句Sheexplainshowthesetreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantresourcestoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.（她解释了这些树如何将财富传递给下一代，将重要的资源输送给幼树，使它们能够继续生长。）可知答案是B。16．题意：最后一段中下画线单词“it”指______________。A.how“treesocieties”work“树木社会”如何运作；B.howtreesgrowold树木如何变老；C.howforestryindustrydevelops林业发展；D.howyoungtreessurvive幼树如何生存。It出现在第五段第一句，实际指第4段里的内容。根据上文第4段最后一句Whenhumanscutdown“Mothertrees”withoutpayingattentiontothesehighlyplex“treesocieties”ofthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancestosavethewholeforest.（当人类砍倒“母树”而不注意它们赖以生存的网络中高度复杂的“树木社会”时，我们正在减少拯救整个森林的机会。）可知此句“Wedidn’ttakeanynoticeofit,”Simardsayssadly.（我们没有注意到这一点，”西马尔伤心地说。）中的it指代“树木社会”如何运作；选A。17．题意：我们可以从这篇文章中了解到_____________。考查推理判断题。A.treesaren’tasplexaswethink.树木不像我们想象的那么复杂；B.CharlesDarwinhadthesameopinionasSimard.查尔斯·达尔文和西马尔有同样的观点；C.if“Mothertrees”arecutdown,theywon’tmakedifferencetoyoungtrees.如果“母树”被砍倒，它们对幼树不会产生影响；D.treescanshareresourceswithotheronesbytheundergroundfunginetworks.树木可以通过地下真菌网络与其他植物共享资源。根据第4段第3句These“Mothertrees”areconnectedtoalltheothertreesintheforestbythisnetworkoffungi,andmaymanagetheresourcesofthewholetreesandplantsintheforest.（这些“母树”通过这种真菌网络与森林中的其他所有树木相连，并可以管理森林中所有树木和植物的资源。）可知D正确，选D。18．A19．D20．C21．C22．B【解析】本文叙述了法国的设计师MathieuLehanneur在自己的卧室里自制了一个生态系统，可以在缸子里养植物和鱼，植物以鱼的粪便为养料。植物为鱼儿提供新鲜的氧气。这种设置被称为冰箱水族馆。18．细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子ButFrenchdesigners（设计师）MathieuLehanneurandAnthonyvandenBosschedidn’tthinkthatwasenough.Theywantedtoaddsomethingnewinpeople’slivingrooms.Sotheycreatedadoityourselfecosystem(生态系统)named“LocalRiver”.可知，这些设计师来自法国，答案选A。19．细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Thesystemletsitsownergrowfishandplantsinsidetanks（缸）intheirlivingrooms.”可知这个生态系统可以让它的主人种植植物和养鱼，故答案选D。20．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“theplantsontopofthetankfeedonthewasteofthefishbelow.”可知植物以下面的鱼的粪便来作为养料，故选C。21．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第四句“Thesystemisalsocalled“fridgeaquarium（冰箱水族馆）”bysomepeoplebecauseownerscanusethefishandplantsasfood．”可知这个系统也被一些人们称作“冰箱水族馆”，因为主人可以把鱼和植物作为食物食用，故答案选C。22．细节理解题。根据短文最后一句The“LocalRiver”ecosystemfromParisesinsmallandlargemodels.Itisarelaxingthingtohaveinyourhome.可知，“当地河流”生态系统是家里的放松之所。故答案选B。23．A24．B25．C26．D27．B【解析】本文叙述了法国的设计师MathieuLehanneur在自己的卧室里自制了一个生态系统，可以在缸子里养植物和鱼，植物以鱼的粪便为养料。植物为鱼提供新鲜的氧气。这种设置被称为冰箱水族馆。2